Icfes Type Questions Chemistry 11
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ScribdTranslationsIcfes Type Questions Chemistry 11
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ScribdTranslationsICFES TYPE QUESTIONS CHEMISTRY 11
1. According to the chemical formula of aluminum sulfate
It is valid to state that Al2(SO4)3:
It has two molecules of Al.
It is composed of three classes of molecules.
It has four atoms of O.
It is composed of three classes of atom.
Response.
Option A could not be, since Al2(SO4)3 is a molecule,
So it is impossible for there to be 2... Option B is also incorrect.
because, like option A, there is only one molecule Al2(SO4)3,
It is composed of three distinct elements and not by 3 molecules.
different. Option C states that it has 4 oxygen atoms, incorrect it has
12 (because 3 times 4 equals 12). Aluminum Sulfate is
composed of 3 types of atoms (Al, S, and O), option D is the
correct.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 2 AND 3 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT EQUATION
It is valid to affirm that
the previous equation satisfies the law of conservation of
matter, because:
The number of atoms of each type in the products is greater than
the number of atoms of each type in the reactants.
The mass of the products is greater than the mass of the reactants.
The number of atoms of each type in the reactants is equal to the
number of atoms of the same type in the products.
The number of reacting substances is equal to the number of
obtained substances.
Response:
In every chemical reaction, mass is conserved; that is, the total mass
the mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the resulting products.
It is one of the fundamental laws in all natural sciences.
It follows the law of conservation of matter because the number of
atoms in the products is equal to the number of atoms in the
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
1 Zn, 2 H, 2 Cl
Products = 1 Zn, 2 Cl, 2 H Correct option is C
3. According to the previous equation, it is correct to assert that
2 moles of HCl produce 2 moles of ZnCl2 and 2 moles of H.
1 mole of Zn produces 2 moles of ZnCl2 and 1 mole of H
72 g of HCl produce 135 g of ZnCl2 and 1 mol of H2
135 g of ZnCl2 react with 1 molecule of H2
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H
22(36) 1351 72g 135g1 mol
Answer: Option C, we use the attached molar mass table.
Options A, B, and D do not align with the analysis of the
stoichiometry and BALANCE OF THE EQUATION.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 4 AND 5 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT INFORMATION
One method to obtain hydrogen is the reaction of certain metals.
with the water. Sodium and potassium, for example, displace hydrogen.
of water forming hydroxides (NaOH or KOH). The following diagram
illustrate the process:
4. According to the above, the chemical equation that best describes
the process of obtaining hydrogen is
2H2O + 2K → H2
B. H2 + 2KOH -> 2H2O + 2K
C.2H2O + 2Na → 2NaOH + H2
D.H2O + Na → NaOH + H
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(ac) + H2(g) which would correspond to
option C.
Less reactive metals, such as aluminum and iron, react
with steam to produce hydrogen gas:
2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) → Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g)
Many metals, including those that do not react with water, can
displace hydrogen from acids. For example, Zinc (Zn) and the
magnesium (Mg) does not react with water but does with acid
hydrochloric
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
+ H2(g)
Option A would not be viable as the KOH product would be missing, and in option D,
It appears as H and should be H2. The correct option is C.
5. According to the above information, the number of moles of
potassium needed to produce eight moles of Hydrogen is
A.1
B.2
C.8
D.16
Answer:
We write the reaction:
K + H2O → KOH + H2
1. The chemical equation is balanced.
2K + 2H2O -> 2KOH + H2
2. Now: 8 mol H2 x (2 mol K / 1 mol H2) = 16 mol H2 that was obtained at
starting from the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction.
6. The graph shows the dependence of the solubility of two
ionic compounds in water, as a function of temperature.
A mixture of salts was prepared, using 90 g of KNO3 and 10 g of
NaCl. This mixture was dissolved in 100 g of H2O and heated until
60ºC, then it was allowed to cool gradually to 0ºC. It is likely that
at the end of the process:
A precipitate of NaCl and KNO3 is obtained.
A precipitate of NaCl is obtained.
C. The components of the mixture remain dissolved.
A KNO3 precipitate is obtained.
Answer: The first thing we will do is express the quantities
added as concentration:
90 g of KNO3 10 g of NaCl________100 g H2O is equivalent to 90 g
KNO3/100 g H2O and 10 g NaCl/100 g H2O
According to the graph, at 0°C the solubility of NaCl is 34.2 g/100
The solubility of NaCl in H2O is 12.1g/100 g H2O. Therefore, the sodium has not
exceeded its solubility and does not precipitate, while KNO3 does.
overcome and therefore precipitates. The correct option is D.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 7 AND 8 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT TABLE
The table presents the electronegativity of 4 elements X, J, Y, and L.
7. According to the information in the table, it is valid to state that the
the compound with the greatest ionic character is
A.LX
B.JL
C.YJ
D.YX
LX =1.6-4.0 = 2.4
JL = 1.5 - 1.6 = 0.1
YJ = 0.9 - 1.5 = 0.6
YX = 0.9 - 4.0 = 3.1
The greatest difference in electronegativity is found in the pair YX, so
it is the compound with the highest ionic character. Correct option is D.
8. According to the information in the table, it is valid to state that the
the compound with the highest covalent character is
A.LY
B.JL
C.YX
D.YJ
Answer: The smaller the difference in electronegativity of the
atoms, the greater their covalent character, because the atoms would have
a force very similar and for this they share the electrons. For this
what should be done is to compare the differences of
electronegativity is for each pair of atoms as follows:
LY = 1.6 - 0.9 = 0.5
1.5 - 1.6 = 0.1
YX=0.9- 4.0 = 3.1
YJ = 1.5 - 0.9 = 0.6
The least difference in electronegativity is held by the pair JL and it is
therefore, the compound with the highest covalent character. Option
B is correct.
Fe0 + HCl → FeCl2 + H2O
According to the proposed equation, if iron Fe is replaced by
Two moles of sodium Na will probably be formed.
A.2NaCl + H2
B.NaCl + H2
2NaH + Cl2
D.NaCl2 + H2
Response:
Fe0 + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2O
By replacing Fe with Na, the chemical equation would look like this:
2 Na^0 + 2 H^+ + Cl^- → 2 Na^+ + Cl^- + H2O
We must take into account that when several atoms are combined
to form a compound, the algebraic sum of the states of
oxidation must be zero. In the initial case, since Fe has a +2 state.
At Cl state -1, 2 Cl are needed to balance the Fe. On the other hand
When working with Na, it has a +1 state and therefore it combines.
in a 1 to 1 ratio with sodium to form NaCl. With this
they would discard options C and D, for not having the NaCl correct. Between
The only difference between options A and B is given by the balancing of the
chemical equation, because hydrogen is present in the
nature as H2, 2 HCl are needed, which provide 2 Cl and therefore
It takes 2 Na to form NaCl. The correct option is A.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 10 AND 11 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT INFORMATION
The purification of copper is generally carried out by means of
electrolysis. The technique consists of immersing in a CuSO4 solution
an impure copper plate, which acts as an anode and a plate of
pure copper that acts as a cathode and then connect it to a power source
of energy, to generate a flow of electrons through the solution
and the plates as seen below:
10. The Cu2+ ion has:
A.2 protons more than the copper atom.
B.2 protons less than the copper atom.
C.2 electrons more than the copper atom.
D.2 electrons less than the copper atom.
Response: Ions are produced when atoms lose or
they gain electrons which implies that they cease to be neutral and obtain
a charge. Since electrons have a negative charge, when a
an atom gains electrons and becomes negatively charged, and when it loses them it
positively charged.
Cu – 2 e → Cu+2
Which means that the copper ion has 2 electrons less than it
copper atom. Correct option is D.
11. According to the information, after carrying out the
electrolysis, pure copper will be found adhered
A. The anode
To the cathode and to the anode
C.At the cathode
Give the surface of the container
Response: In the electrolysis of copper sulfate the concentration of
this remains constant, since the copper that oxidizes at the anode,
it is reduced at the cathode. The correct option is C.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 12 AND 13 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT TABLE
12. According to the table above, the Lewis structure that
it represents a molecule of YW2
Response: Octet rule and Lewis structure. At the beginning of the century
XX, in 1916, independently, the scientists Walter Kossel and
Gilbert Lewis concluded that the trend that atoms have towards
achieving structures similar to those of the nearest noble gas explains the
formation of chemical bonds. This conclusion is globally
known as the Octet Rule and is stated as follows
way: "When a chemical bond is formed, the atoms receive,
they give or share electrons in such a way that the outermost layer
that each atom contains eight electrons, thereby acquiring the structure
noble gas electronic of the closest in the periodic system.
Options B, C, and D do not comply with the octet rule. The correct option is the
A.
13. According to the information in the table, it is valid to affirm that the
the mass numbers of X and Y are respectively
A.13 and 12
B.11 and 6
C.22 and 12
D.23 and 14
Atomic mass number (A): It is the sum of the number of
protons and the number of neutrons found in the nucleus of the
atom.
X = 11 protons + 12 neutrons = 23
Y = 6 protons + 8 neutrons = 14
Correct option is D.
ANSWER QUESTIONS 14 AND 15 ACCORDING TO THE
NEXT GRAPH
14. Upon leaving to fall the
sphere in the test tube, most likely that
A. Float on the surface of Q for being spherical
B. I stayed at the bottom, for being a solid.
C.Floats on P due to having less volume.
D. Remains suspended over R due to its density.
Answer: The density of a body is related to its
ability to float. An object will float if its density is less than the
of the substance, that's why wood floats on water and lead sinks.
lead has a higher density than water and the
the density of the wood is lower. Correct option is D.
15. If the contents of the test tube are transferred to another, it is most likely
what
A.Q, P and R form a solution
B.Q stayed at the bottom, then P and at the surface R
C.P and Q dissolve and R remains at the bottom
D.P, Q and R remain the same
The answer is D. A, B, and C are ruled out as they do not apply.
the concept of question 14.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
LIC. CARLOS ALBERTO LOPEZ ORTIZ.BQ.
