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Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Discipline: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Commands
Prof. Mara Nilza Estanislau Reis

EXERCISES

Hydraulic power transmission

P = 1000 [Kgf]
A1= 10 [cm2]
A2= 40 [cm2]
W = ? [Kgf]

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2.Hydraulic Pressure Transmission

An injection molding machine uses a hydraulic system to increase the input pressure of
40 bar, for a working pressure in injection2.
According to the data related below, calculate the injection pressure P.2.

P1= 200 [bar]

A1= 25 [cm²]
A2= 5 [cm²]
P2= ? [bar]

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3.Hydraulic Jack

F21500 [ kgf]
A1= 5 [ cm²]
A2= 20 [ cm²]
S1= 10
S 2= ?
F1= ? [kgf]
NS = ?

A hydraulic "jack" is necessary to lift a car weighing 1000 kgf.

through manual pumping.
With the data below, determine force F.1necessary to lift the car
How many times will the operator need to pump for it to rise 15 cm (NS)?

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4. The hydraulic jack in the figure is used to lift a load with mass M =
1000kg at a height y2= 150 mm.
The diameter of the lifting cylinder is D = 50 mm. Determine for the system:

50 bar
b) The diameter d of the cylinder, in (mm), of the manual pump, so that the force of
activation F1be of 50 N. ANSWER: 11.28 mm
c) If the maximum displacement of the pump piston is y1= 20 mm, how many
How many actions will be necessary to fully lift the load? ANSWER: 147

5. The hydraulic system in the figure uses a dead weight accumulator to overcome
a force F1of 10 kN applied to the cylinder. The mass applied to the accumulator

M = 4000 kg. The diameter of the accumulator is D2= 100 mm, and the power

developed, of 5 kW. In order for the regime to be permanent, determine:

a) The diameter D1loading cylinder, in (mm). ANSWER: 50 mm
The pressure developed in (bar) and the flow rate in the system in (Lpm).

50 bar
c) The speeds of the accumulator and cylinder pistons, in (cm/s).
0.5 cm/s; 0.125 m/s

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6. Let's suppose we have a duct at whose end there is a branching for three
other ducts 'A', 'B' and 'C'. In duct 'A' we have a sequence valve that,
to be opened, it requires a pressure of 50 bar; in duct 'B' we have its end
connected to the socket of a cylinder that will require 20 bar of pressure to perform a
Any work. In duct 'C', a relief valve that will open when it reaches
the pressure of 70 bar directing the fluid to the tank. Represent the circuit,
using the standardized symbolism to analyze all the behavior of the fluid.

7. Determine the necessary flow rate, in (Lpm), for a cylinder of a machine

injector, with a stroke equal to 400 mm, piston diameter equal to 10.16 cm and diameter of
It has a height of 6.35 cm, inject five pieces per minute.

8. A double-acting hydraulic cylinder has a piston diameter of 150

mm, shaft diameter equal to 80 mm and stroke of 200 mm. If it operates at a
pressure of 80 bar with a pump providing a flow rate of 50 Lpm, determine:
a) the advance and return speeds, in (cm/s).
b) the times spent in the forward and return, in (s).
c) the total time and the number of cycles completed in 1 minute.
d) the necessary pressure in the rear and front chambers for it to perform a
force of 3000 Kgf, in (kgf/cm)2).
e) the flow rates and the pressures induced in the forward and return, in (Lpm) and (bar),

respectively.
f) the engine power considering a total efficiency of 70%, in (cv).
g) the diameters of the suction, pressure, and return pipes, in (mm).
h) The volume of the reservoir, in (liters).

9. Knowing that a cylinder working in a regenerative system receives oil from the
pump with a flow rate of 60 Lpm and a maximum pressure of 70 Kgf/cm2to determine

resultant force in (kgf) and the advance speed in (cm/s), for a diameter of
piston equal to 8”, and rod diameter equal to 5”. Adopting a stroke of 500 mm
we will determine how long the cylinder will extend, in (s). Determine the calculation
of force in (kgf), speed in (cm/s) and feed time in (s) using the

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same data above and imagining as if the system were not regenerative.
Establish conclusions between the first and the second case.

10. A flow with a speed of 0.5 m/s flows through a flexible tube and the
constant temperature with a nominal diameter of 6 mm. The viscosity
kinematics is 100 mm2At 15ºC, the absolute density of the fluid is 850 kg/m3.
Determine pressure loss per 1 m of length in (bar). Answer:
0.4427 bar

11. Determine pressure loss in (bar) of a fitting with a 90º angle and
with a nominal diameter of 10 mm. Answer: 0.19 bar

12. Considering the schematic drawing represented in the figure below, determine
the power required for the pump in (HP), so that the actuator lifts the block to
a distance Δy (cm), within a time (s), according to the following data:
Δy = 30 (cm);
t = 5 s;
pipe diameter d = 18 mm;
actuator diameter D = 70 mm;
pressure drop = 3 m2/s2;
881.1 kg/m³3.

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13. For a pump with a flow rate of 32.6 Lpm and assuming it is coupled to a
electric motor with 1750 rpm, determine the displacement (Vg) em
(cm3rotation), the power (N) in (kW) and the torque (Mt) in (Nm).
Consider the pressure drop equal to 100 bar, volumetric efficiency equal to 0.92
the mechanic/hydraulic equal to 0.87.

14. Dimensioning the pump of a hydraulic system, in (Lpm), in order to supply two
linear actuators with the following characteristics:

Simultaneous advance and return;

Piston diameter = 63 mm;
Rod diameter = 45 mm;
Feed rate = 5 cm/s;
Return speed = 8 cm/s.
Determine displacement (Vg) in (cm3(rotation), the power (N) in (kW) and the
twisting moment (Mt) in (Nm). Consider the pressure drop equal to 120 bar,
volumetric yield equal to 0.92 and mechanical/hydraulic equal to 0.82.

15. Dimension the pipes of the hydraulic circuit below in (mm):

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Data:

Q = 30 Lpm
P = 140 bar
Ratio of cylinder areas: (2:1)

16.Described the operation of the hydraulic circuit below.

Determine the total head loss of the circuit below, checking its viability.
regarding the final condition of functionality.
Data:
(1) directional control valve type J (manufacturer: REXROTH): ΔP = 4.8 bar
- (2) sequence valve type DZ 10 P (manufacturer: REXROTH): ΔP = 4.2 bar
- (3) SV TN 10 type check valve (manufacturer: REXROTH): ΔP = 0.8 bar
- (4) DRV 8 type flow control valve (manufacturer: REXROTH): ΔP = 55
bar
-5m linear with an external diameter of 5/8”
1 bilateral output tee, 2 direct passage tees, 2 90-degree bends of long range, 2
90 degrees elbows of average radius

rigid tubes and constant temperature

ISO VG 32 to 50 fluid
- kinematic viscosity: 21.06 cSt
0.8580 g/cm3
maximum flow rate of the system = 45 Lpm

nominal pressure = 150 bar

60 bar

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17. Determine the nominal pressure of a hydraulic system, in (bar) whose duct of
the pressure has an internal diameter of 15 mm and the Reynolds number equal to 1950,

kinematic viscosity of the fluid 0.45 cSt. Will determine maximum flow in
(Lpm).
Determine the linear pressure loss, in (bar), considering that it has a
length of 3 m and be free of connections and other valves, be rigid and
a constant temperature.

18. A hydraulic system has been designed and constructed using the following
internal diameters of pipes:
Suction pipe = 24 mm;
Pressure tubing = 12 mm;

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Return piping = 32 mm;

Considering that the nominal pressure of the system = 150 bar, determine
Reynolds number for each pipe, kinematic viscosity of the fluid 0.5
cSt.

19. Determine the velocity of the fluid in a pipeline, in (cm/s) whose variables
assume the following values:
length of 8 m;
internal diameter of the pipe = 3.2 cm;
pressure drop = 6 bar;
the Reynolds number = 1500;
flexible piping and variable temperature.

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20.Series Circuit

Suppose three hydraulic cylinders connected in series developing the same stroke
applying the same intensity of force.

1. Describe the principle of operation.

2. Determine the pressures indicated by the manometers: P1, P2e P3.
3. Determine the volume relationships for the rear chambers, in the position where
the piston is located.
4. Assuming that cylinders with a ratio of r = 2:1 are used in the circuit, determine the
reason for volumes.
5. Suppose that the scheme is used to lift a load and assuming a stroke
of 30 cm, r = 2:1, Dp = 8 cm and F = 9000 N. Determine flow rate, in (Lpm), the
pressure, in (bar) and the power of a pump, in (kW) for the load to be
upright at t = 10 seconds.
6. Cite the conclusion(s) of this circuit.

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21. Parallel Circuit

Assume that the vectors F have different magnitudes and the diameters of the actuators
equal.
1. Describe the principle of operation.
2. Determine the pressures indicated by the manometers: P1, P2e P3.
3. Determine the speed of the actuators.
4. Suppose that the scheme is used to lift a load and assuming a
30 cm course, r = 2:1, Dp = 4 cm and F = 9000 N. Determine flow rate, in
Flow rate (Lpm), pressure (bar) and pump power (kW) for
load be lifted in t = 10 seconds.

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