LAB RECORD EXPERIMENTS

1. Write a java program to print Hello World.?

Program:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World"); // Printing message to the console
}
}

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output for 1st experiment:
Hello World

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 2. Write a java program to use various Data types.?
Program:
public class DataTypes {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Primitive data types
byte b = 100; // 1 byte
short s = 30000; // 2 bytes
int i = 100000; // 4 bytes
long l = 15000000000L; // 8 bytes (use 'L' at the end for long values)

float f = 5.75f; // 4 bytes (use 'f' at the end for float values)
double d = 19.99; // 8 bytes

char c = 'A'; // 2 bytes (single character inside single quotes)

boolean bool = true; // 1 bit (true/false)

// Printing all data types

System.out.println("Byte value: " + b);
System.out.println("Short value: " + s);
System.out.println("Int value: " + i);
System.out.println("Long value: " + l);
System.out.println("Float value: " + f);
System.out.println("Double value: " + d);
System.out.println("Char value: " + c);
System.out.println("Boolean value: " + bool);
}
}

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output for 2nd experiment:
Byte value: 100
Short value: 30000
Int value: 100000
Long value: 15000000000
Float value: 5.75
Double value: 19.99
Char value: A
Boolean value: true

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 3. Write a java program on Operators.?
Program:
public class OperatorsDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 5;

// 1. Arithmetic Operators
System.out.println("Arithmetic Operators:");
System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b));
System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b));
System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b));
System.out.println("a / b = " + (a / b));
System.out.println("a % b = " + (a % b));

// 2. Relational Operators
System.out.println("\nRelational Operators:");
System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b));
System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b));
System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b));
System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b));

// 3. Logical Operators
System.out.println("\nLogical Operators:");
boolean x = true, y = false;
System.out.println("x && y = " + (x && y)); // AND
System.out.println("x || y = " + (x || y)); // OR
System.out.println("!x = " + (!x)); // NOT

// 4. Assignment Operators
System.out.println("\nAssignment Operators:");

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 int c = 10;
c += 5; // c = c + 5
System.out.println("c += 5: " + c);
c *= 2; // c = c * 2
System.out.println("c *= 2: " + c);

// 5. Unary Operators
System.out.println("\nUnary Operators:");
int d = 5;
System.out.println("d = " + d);
System.out.println("++d = " + (++d)); // pre-increment
System.out.println("d++ = " + (d++)); // post-increment
System.out.println("After d++ value: " + d);
System.out.println("--d = " + (--d)); // pre-decrement
}
}

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 output for 3rd experiment:
Arithmetic Operators:
a + b = 15
a-b=5
a * b = 50
a/b=2
a%b=0

Relational Operators:
a > b = true
a < b = false
a == b = false
a != b = true

Logical Operators:
x && y = false
x || y = true
!x = false

Assignment Operators:
c += 5: 15
c *= 2: 30

Unary Operators:
d=5
++d = 6
d++ = 6
After d++ value: 7
--d = 6

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4.Write a Java program to find the largest among three given numbers.?
Program:
public class LargestNumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 25, b = 40, c = 30; // Three numbers

// Check which number is largest

if (a >= b && a >= c) {
System.out.println("Largest number is: " + a);
} else if (b >= a && b >= c) {
System.out.println("Largest number is: " + b);
} else {
System.out.println("Largest number is: " + c);
}
}
}

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output for 4th experiment:
Largest number is: 40

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5.Write a Java program to find factorial of a given number.?
Program:
public class FactorialNum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 5; // number to find factorial
long fact = 1; // factorial result (use long for large values)

// Loop from 1 to num

for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
fact = fact * i; // multiply each value
}
System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + fact);
}
}

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output for 5th experiment:
Factorial of 5 is: 120

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6.Write a java program to display Fibonacci series.?
Program:
public class FibonacciDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 10; // number of terms to display
int first = 0, second = 1;

System.out.println("Fibonacci Series up to " + n + " terms:");

for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {

System.out.print(first + " "); // print current term

// calculate next term

int next = first + second;
first = second;
second = next;
}
}
}

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output for 6th experiment:
Fibonacci Series up to 10 terms:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

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7.Write a java program to find out the given number is palindrome or not.?
Program:
public class PalindromeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 121; // number to check
int original = num; // store original number
int reversed = 0;

// Reverse the number

while (num != 0) {
int digit = num % 10; // get last digit
reversed = reversed * 10 + digit; // add digit to reversed
num = num / 10; // remove last digit
}

// Check palindrome
if (original == reversed) {
System.out.println(original + " is a Palindrome number.");
} else {
System.out.println(original + " is NOT a Palindrome number.");
}
}
}

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output for 7th experiment:
121 a Palindrome number.

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8.Write a java program on single and Multi-dimensional array.?
Program:
public class Array1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// ---------------- Single Dimensional Array ----------------
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}; // array declaration & initialization

System.out.println("Single Dimensional Array Elements:");

for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Element at index " + i + ": " + numbers[i]);
}
// ---------------- Multi-Dimensional Array ----------------
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
}; // 3x3 matrix

System.out.println("\nMulti-Dimensional Array Elements:");

for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) { // row
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) { // column
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println(); // new line for each row
}
}
}

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output for 8th experiment:
Single Dimensional Array Elements:
Element at index 0: 10
Element at index 1: 20
Element at index 2: 30
Element at index 3: 40
Element at index 4: 50

Multi-Dimensional Array Elements:

123
456
789

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9.Write a Java program to find Sum of two matrices.?
Program:
public class MatrixAddition {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// First matrix
int[][] A = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};

// Second matrix
int[][] B = {
{9, 8, 7},
{6, 5, 4},
{3, 2, 1}
};

// Result matrix to store sum

int[][] sum = new int[3][3];

// Adding two matrices

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { // row
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { // column
sum[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}
}

// Printing result
System.out.println("Sum of two matrices:");

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 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
System.out.print(sum[i][j] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}

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output for 9th experiment:
Sum of two matrices:
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 0 10

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10.Write a Java program to demo String Class Methods.?
Program:
public class StringMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "Hello";
String str2 = " World";
String str3 = "hello";

// 1. length()
System.out.println("Length of str1: " + str1.length());

// 2. concat()
System.out.println("Concatenation: " + str1.concat(str2));

// 3. equals()
System.out.println("str1 equals str3: " + str1.equals(str3));

// 4. equalsIgnoreCase()
System.out.println("str1 equalsIgnoreCase str3: " + str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str3));

// 5. toUpperCase()
System.out.println("Uppercase: " + str1.toUpperCase());

// 6. toLowerCase()
System.out.println("Lowercase: " + str1.toLowerCase());

// 7. charAt()
System.out.println("Character at index 1 in str1: " + str1.charAt(1));

// 8. substring()

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 System.out.println("Substring (1 to 4): " + str1.substring(1, 4));

// 9. replace()
System.out.println("Replace 'l' with 'p': " + str1.replace('l', 'p'));

// 10. trim()
String str4 = " Java Programming ";
System.out.println("Before trim: '" + str4 + "'");
System.out.println("After trim: '" + str4.trim() + "'");
}
}

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output for 10th experiment:
Length of str1: 5
Concatenation: Hello World
str1 equals str3: false
str1 equalsIgnoreCase str3: true
Uppercase: HELLO
Lowercase: hello
Character at index 1 in str1: e
Substring (1 to 4): ell
Replace 'l' with 'p': Heppo
Before trim: ' Java Programming '
After trim: 'Java Programming'

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11.Write a java program on interface.?
Program:
interface Animal {
void sound(); // abstract method
void eat(); // abstract method
}

// Class implementing the interface

class Dog implements Animal {
// Provide implementation for interface methods
public void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}

public void eat() {

System.out.println("Dog eats bones");
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog(); // creating object of Dog class
dog.sound(); // calling sound method
dog.eat(); // calling eat method
}
}

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output for 11th experiment:
Dog barks
Dog eats bones

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12.Write java programs on various types of Inheritance.?
Program:
// Single Inheritance Example
class Parent {
void parentMethod() {
System.out.println("This is parent class method");
}
}

class Child extends Parent {

void childMethod() {
System.out.println("This is child class method");
}
}

public class SingleInheritance1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Child obj = new Child();
obj.parentMethod(); // inherited from Parent
obj.childMethod(); // own method
}
}

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output for 12.1th experiment:
This is parent class method
This is child class method

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Program:
// Multilevel Inheritance Example
class GrandParent {
void grandParentMethod() {
System.out.println("This is grandparent class method");
}
}

class Parent2 extends GrandParent {

void parentMethod() {
System.out.println("This is parent class method");
}
}

class Child2 extends Parent2 {

void childMethod() {
System.out.println("This is child class method");
}
}

public class MultilevelInheritance2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Child2 obj = new Child2();
obj.grandParentMethod();
obj.parentMethod();
obj.childMethod();
}
}

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output for 12.2th experiment:
This is grandparent class method
This is parent class method
This is child class method

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Program:
// Hierarchical Inheritance Example
class Parent3 {
void parentMethod() {
System.out.println("This is parent class method");
}
}

class ChildA extends Parent3 {

void childAMethod() {
System.out.println("This is child A method");
}
}

class ChildB extends Parent3 {

void childBMethod() {
System.out.println("This is child B method");
}
}

public class HierarchicalInheritance3 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ChildA objA = new ChildA();
objA.parentMethod();
objA.childAMethod();

ChildB objB = new ChildB();

objB.parentMethod();
objB.childBMethod();
}

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}
output for 12.3th experiment:
This is parent class method
This is child A method
This is parent class method
This is child B method

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Program:
// Multiple Inheritance Example using Interface
interface Interface1 {
void method1();
}

interface Interface2 {
void method2();
}

class DemoClass implements Interface1, Interface2 {

public void method1() {
System.out.println("Method from Interface1");
}

public void method2() {

System.out.println("Method from Interface2");
}
}

public class MultipleInheritance4 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
DemoClass obj = new DemoClass();
obj.method1();
obj.method2();
}
}

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output for 12.4th experiment:
Method from Interface1
Method from Interface2

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Program: hybrid inheritance
// Parent class
class Animal {
void eat() {
System.out.println("Animal eats food");
}
}

// Child class 1 (single inheritance)

class Mammal extends Animal {
void walk() {
System.out.println("Mammal walks");
}
}

// Interface
interface Pet {
void play();
}

// Child class 2 implementing interface (multiple inheritance part)

class Dog extends Mammal implements Pet {
public void play() {
System.out.println("Dog plays with owner");
}
}

public class HybridInheritance5 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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 Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.eat(); // inherited from Animal
dog.walk(); // inherited from Mammal
dog.play(); // implemented from Pet interface
}
}

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output for 12.5th experiment:
Animal eats food
Mammal walks
Dog plays with owner

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13.Write a Java program to demo overloading of methods.?
Program:
class Calculator {

// Method to add two integers

int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

// Method to add three integers

int add(int a, int b, int c) {
return a + b + c;
}

// Method to add two double values

double add(double a, double b) {
return a + b;
}
}

public class MethodOverloading1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Calculator calc = new Calculator();

System.out.println("Sum of 10 + 20: " + calc.add(10, 20)); // calls int, int

method
System.out.println("Sum of 5 + 10 + 15: " + calc.add(5, 10, 15)); // calls int, int,
int method
System.out.println("Sum of 5.5 + 4.5: " + calc.add(5.5, 4.5)); // calls double,
double method

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 }
}

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output for 13th experiment:
Sum of 10 + 20: 30
Sum of 5 + 10 + 15: 30
Sum of 5.5 + 4.5: 10.0

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14.Write a Java program to demo ‘super’ keyword.?
Program:
// Parent class
class Parent {
int num = 100;

void display() {
System.out.println("Parent class display method");
}
}

// Child class
class Child extends Parent {
int num = 200;

void display() {
System.out.println("Child class display method");
}

void show() {
// Access parent class variable using super
System.out.println("Value of parent num: " + super.num);

// Access parent class method using super

super.display();

// Access child class variable and method

System.out.println("Value of child num: " + num);
display();

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 }
}

public class SuperDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Child obj = new Child();
obj.show();
}
}

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output for 14th experiment:
Value of parent num: 100
Parent class display method
Value of child num: 200
Child class display method

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15.Write a Java program to demo ‘final’ keyword.?
Program:
class FinalDemo {

// Final variable (constant)

final int MAX_VALUE = 100;

// Final method
final void display() {
System.out.println("This is a final method.");
}
}

// Child class
class ChildFinal extends FinalDemo {
// Uncommenting below lines will cause compilation errors
// because final variable and final method cannot be changed/overridden

// void display() {
// System.out.println("Trying to override final method");
// }

// void changeMaxValue() {
// MAX_VALUE = 200; // Error: cannot assign a value to final variable
// }

void show() {
System.out.println("Final variable MAX_VALUE: " + MAX_VALUE);
}

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}

public class FinalKeyword {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ChildFinal obj = new ChildFinal();
obj.show();
obj.display();
}
}

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output for 15th experiment:
Final variable MAX_VALUE: 100
This is a final method.

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16.Write a Java program to demo method overriding.?
Program:
class Parent {
void display() {
System.out.println("This is the parent class display method.");
}
}

// Child class
class Child extends Parent {
// Overriding the display method of Parent
@Override
void display() {
System.out.println("This is the child class display method.");
}
}

public class MethodOverriding {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Parent parent = new Parent();
Child child = new Child();

System.out.println("Calling parent class method:");

parent.display(); // calls parent method

System.out.println("Calling child class method:");

child.display(); // calls overridden child method
}
}

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output for 16th experiment:
Calling parent class method:
This is the parent class display method.
Calling child class method:
This is the child class display method.

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17.Write java programs on Packages.?
Program:
// Declare package
package mypackage;

// Class inside the package

public class Calculator {

// Method to add two numbers

public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

// Method to multiply two numbers

public int multiply(int a, int b) {
return a * b;
}
}
Program:
// Import the package class
import mypackage.Calculator;

public class PackageDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object of Calculator class from mypackage
Calculator calc = new Calculator();

// Using package methods

int sum = calc.add(10, 20);

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 int product = calc.multiply(5, 4);

System.out.println("Sum of 10 and 20: " + sum);

System.out.println("Product of 5 and 4: " + product);
}
}

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output for 17th experiment:
Sum of 10 and 20: 30
Product of 5 and 4: 20

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18.Write a java program on Multi-Threading.?
Program:
// Thread 1: prints numbers 1 to 5
class NumberThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("NumberThread: " + i);
}
}
}

// Thread 2: prints letters A to E

class LetterThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
for (char c = 'A'; c <= 'E'; c++) {
System.out.println("LetterThread: " + c);
}
}
}

public class SampleMultithreading {

public static void main(String[] args) {
NumberThread t1 = new NumberThread();
LetterThread t2 = new LetterThread();

t1.start(); // start first thread

t2.start(); // start second thread
}
}

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output for 18th experiment:
NumberThread: 1
LetterThread: A
NumberThread: 2
LetterThread: B
NumberThread: 3
LetterThread: C
NumberThread: 4
LetterThread: D
NumberThread: 5
LetterThread: E

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19.Write java programs on various types Exceptions.?
Program:
import java.io.*;
public class AllExceptions {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// 1. ArithmeticException
try {
int a = 10 / 0; // division by zero
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("ArithmeticException caught: " + e.getMessage());
}

// 2. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
try {
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
System.out.println(arr[5]); // invalid index
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException caught: " +
e.getMessage());
}

// 3. NullPointerException
try {
String str = null;
System.out.println(str.length()); // null object
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("NullPointerException caught: " + e.getMessage());
}

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 // 4. NumberFormatException
try {
String numStr = "abc";
int num = Integer.parseInt(numStr); // invalid number
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("NumberFormatException caught: " + e.getMessage());
}

// 5. FileNotFoundException
try {
FileReader file = new FileReader("nonexistent.txt");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("FileNotFoundException caught: " + e.getMessage());
}

// 6. Finally block demo

try {
int x = 10 / 2;
System.out.println("Division Result: " + x);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("ArithmeticException caught");
} finally {
System.out.println("Finally block executed for division example");
}
}
}

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output for 19th experiment:
ArithmeticException caught: / by zero
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException caught: 5
NullPointerException caught: null
NumberFormatException caught: For input string: "abc"
FileNotFoundException caught: nonexistent.txt (No such file or directory)
Division Result: 5
Finally block executed for division example

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20.Write a Java Program to write and read from a file.?
Program:
import java.io.*;
public class File {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String filename = "example.txt"; // file name
String content = "Hello, this is a sample file content!";

// 1. Writing to a file
try {
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(filename);
writer.write(content);
writer.close(); // close the file
System.out.println("File written successfully.");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error writing file: " + e.getMessage());
}

// 2. Reading from the file

try {
FileReader reader = new FileReader(filename);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);

String line;
System.out.println("File content:");
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line); // print each line
}

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 br.close(); // close the file
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error reading file: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

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output for 20th experiment:
File written successfully.
File content:
Hello, this is a sample file content!

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21.Write an Applet program to draw a Rectangle.?
Program:
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.awt.*;

// <applet code="RectangleApplet" width=400 height=300></applet>

public class RectangleApplet extends Applet {

public void paint(Graphics g) {

// Set color for the rectangle
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);

// Draw a rectangle: x=50, y=50, width=200, height=100

g.drawRect(50, 50, 200, 100);

// Fill the rectangle with color

g.setColor(Color.CYAN);
g.fillRect(50, 50, 200, 100);

// Draw some text inside the rectangle

g.setColor(Color.RED);
g.drawString("This is a rectangle", 80, 100);
}
}

Prepare html document:

<html>
<body>
<applet code="RectangleApplet" width=400 height=300></applet>

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<\body>
<\html>

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output for 21th experiment:
+----------------------------+
| |
| This is a rectangle |
| |
+----------------------------+

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