Kuwait University – Pre Chemistry – Chapter 6

(Summer – 2021)
‫ اﻟﻠﻲ ﯾﺤ ﺐ اﻷ ر ﻗ ﺎم و اﻟﺤ ﺴ ﺎﺑﺎت ر اح ﯾﺤ ﺐ ھ ﺬا اﻟﺠ ﺎﺑﺘﺮ و ﻛ ﻤ ﯿﺔ اﻟﺴ ﻜ ﻨﺪ ﺑ ﺸ ﻜ ﻞ‬,, ‫ھ ﺬا اﻟﺠ ﺎﺑﺘﺮ ﻣ ﺠ ﺮ د ﻣ ﻘﺪﻣ ﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤ ﺴ ﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻜ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻋ ﺎم‬

: The Concept of the Mole ‫* اﻟﻤﻮل‬

- 1 mole of a substance contains 6.02214×1023, Avogadro’s number (NA), entities of that
substance.
- Scientific Definition of the mole: 1 mole is the number of carbon atoms contained in
exactly 12- g sample of pure 12C.
𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔
𝒏=
𝑵𝑨
n: number of moles.
Nunits: Number of units, atoms, molecules, or formula units.
NA: Avogadro’s number, 6.022×1023, it is given in the exam

Q: Calculate the number of atoms found in 4.50 moles of silicon.

𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 = 𝒏 × 𝑵𝑨 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒔

Q: How many moles of silicon are in 2.45 x 1025 atoms?

𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓
𝒏= = = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔𝟖 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑵𝑨 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑

Note: For any substance (numerically):

Atomic mass (amu) = Molar mass (mass for 1 mole “g/mol”)

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
 𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 (𝒈)
𝒏=
𝑴𝒘𝒕 (𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍)

Q: How many moles of juglone (C10H6O3) are in a 1.56×10-2 g sample?

𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝑪𝟏𝟎 𝑯𝟔 𝑶𝟑 = (𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏)𝑪 + (𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝑯 + (𝟑 × 𝟏𝟔)𝑶 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟏𝟔 𝒂𝒎𝒖

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 (𝒈) 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎1𝟐
𝒏= = = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎1𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝟏𝟎 𝑯𝟔 𝑶𝟑 (𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍) 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟏𝟔

Q: A diamond contains 5.0 X 1021 atoms of carbon. What mass of carbon are in this
diamond?

𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝟓. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟏
𝒏= = 𝟐𝟑
= 𝟖. 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎1𝟑 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑵𝑨 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎

𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏 × 𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎1𝟑 × (𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏)𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟗𝟕 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎

Q: How many moles of sodium, Na, in 20 grams of sodium?

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 (𝒈) 𝟐𝟎
𝒏= = = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑵𝒂 (𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍) 𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗

Q: How many grams in one mole of K?

𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 = 𝒏 × 𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑲 = 𝟏 × (𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟎)𝑲 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟎 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔

Q: How many moles of CH4 are in 6.07 grams of CH4?

𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝑪𝑯𝟒 = (𝟏 × 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏)𝑪 + (𝟒 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝑯 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟒 𝒂𝒎𝒖

𝑴𝒂𝒔𝒔 (𝒈) 𝟔. 𝟎𝟕
𝒏= = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝑯𝟒 (𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍) 𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟒

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫‪* Mole Relationships in Chemical Formulas:‬‬

‫‪Moles of compound‬‬ ‫‪Moles of constituents‬‬

‫‪1 mol KCl‬‬ ‫‪1 mol K, 1 mol Cl‬‬

‫‪1 mol H2O‬‬ ‫‪2 mol H, 1 mol O‬‬

‫‪1 mol BaCO3‬‬ ‫‪1 mol Ba, 1 mol C, 3 mol O‬‬

‫‪1 mol C6H12O6‬‬ ‫‪6 mol C, 12 mol H, 6 mol O‬‬

‫أ ﺣ ﯿ ﺎ ﻧ ﺎ ً ﯾ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ﻣ ﻨ ﻲ ﺟ ﺰ ء ) ﻋ ﻨ ﺼ ﺮ ( ﻣ ﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ) ﻣ ﺮ ﻛ ﺐ ( و ﯾ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ﻣ ﺜﻼ ً ذر ات أو ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت أو ﺟ ﺮ اﻣ ﺎ ت ‪ ,‬ﻓ ﻼ ز م اﺳ ﺘ ﺨ ﺪ م ﻋ ﻼ ﻗ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫ﻣ ﻌ ﺎد ﻟ ﺘ ﯿ ﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎ د ﻟ ﺔ ا ﻷ و ﻟ ﻰ ‪ :‬ا ﻓ ﺮ ض ‪ 1‬ﻣ ﻮ ل ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺮ ﻛ ﺐ ﻓ ﯿ ﮫ ﺟ ﻢ ﻣ ﻮ ل ﻣ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻨ ﺼ ﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﺎ د ﻟ ﺔ ا ﻟ ﺜ ﺎ ﻧ ﯿ ﺔ ‪ :‬ا ﺷ ﻮ ف ﺷ ﻨ ﻮ ﻣ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿ ﻨ ﻲ ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿ ﺎ ت ) د ا ﺋ ﻤ ﺎ ً ا ﺷ ﺘ ﻐ ﻞ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ( و ﯾ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿ ﻨ ﻲ د ا ﯾ ﻤ ﺎ ً ﻣ ﺠ ﮭ ﻮ ل ‪ x‬ﯾ ﻌ ﺒ ﺮ ﻋ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ل ‪.‬‬

‫و ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻀ ﺮ ب اﻟ ﺘ ﺼ ﺎ ﻟ ﺒ ﻲ ا ﺣ ﺼ ﻞ اﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ﺗﺞ ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫?‪Q: How many hydrogen atoms are in 1.03 grams of water, H2O‬‬

‫ﻻ ز م ﻧ ﺤ ﻮ ل ﻛ ﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺎء او ل ﺷ ﻲ ء اﻟﻰ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑﻘ ﺎﻧﻮ ن ﻋ ﺪد اﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ‪:‬‬

‫𝑶 𝟐𝑯𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎‬ ‫𝟑𝟎 ‪𝟏.‬‬
‫= 𝑶 𝟐𝑯𝒏‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟎 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬
‫𝑶 𝟐𝑯 𝒇𝒐 𝒕𝒘𝑴‬ ‫𝟖𝟏‬

‫‪1 mol H2O‬‬ ‫‪è 2 mol H‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪0.0572 mol H2O è‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫𝟐𝟕𝟓𝟎 ‪𝟐 × 𝟎.‬‬
‫= 𝑯𝒏 = 𝒙‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟒𝟒𝟏𝟏 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬
‫𝟏‬
‫ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺆ ا ل ط ﺎ ﻟ ﺐ ﻣ ﻨ ﻲ ﻋ ﺪ د ذ ر ا ت ‪ ,‬ﻓ ﺎ ﺿ ﺮ ب ﻋ ﺪ د اﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ د اﻓ ﻮ ﺟ ﺎد ر و ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻧ ﻮ ن ‪:‬‬

‫𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒂 𝟐𝟐𝟎𝟏 × 𝟗𝟖 ‪𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 = 𝒏𝑯 × 𝑵𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝟒 × 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 = 𝟔.‬‬

‫?‪Q: How many moles of sodium are in 4 mol of NaCl‬‬

‫‪1 mol NaCl è 1 mol Na‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪4 mol NaCl è‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫𝟒×𝟏‬
‫= 𝒂𝑵𝒏 = 𝒙‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟒 =‬
‫𝟏‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫?‪Q: How many grams of hydrogen are in 60 grams of C2H4‬‬

‫ﻻزم ﻧﺤﻮل ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ‪ C2H4‬اول ﺷﻲء اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮﻻت ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﻻت‪:‬‬
‫𝟒𝑯 𝟐𝑪𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎‬ ‫𝟎𝟔‬
‫= 𝟒𝑯 𝟐𝑪𝒏‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟒𝟏 ‪= 𝟐.‬‬
‫𝟓𝟎 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟒 𝟐𝟖.‬‬

‫‪1 mol C2H4‬‬ ‫‪è 4 mol H‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪2.14 mol C2H4‬‬ ‫‪è‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫𝟒𝟏 ‪𝟒 × 𝟐.‬‬
‫= 𝑯𝒏 = 𝒙‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟔𝟓 ‪= 𝟖.‬‬
‫𝟏‬
‫اﻟﺴ ﺆ ال ط ﺎﻟﺐ ﻣ ﻨﻲ اﻟﻜ ﺘﻠﺔ ﻓ ﺘﻨﺤ ﻞ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﻘ ﺎﻧﻮ ن ‪:‬‬

‫𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒈 𝟑𝟔 ‪𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝑯 = 𝒏𝑯 × 𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑯 = 𝟖. 𝟓𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏 = 𝟖.‬‬

‫?‪Q: How many hydrogen atoms are in 72.5 grams of C3H8O‬‬

‫ﻻزم ﻧﺤﻮل ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ‪ C3H8O‬اول ﺷﻲء اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮﻻت ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﻻت‪:‬‬
‫𝑶 𝟖𝑯 𝟑𝑪𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎‬ ‫𝟓 ‪𝟕𝟐.‬‬
‫= 𝑶 𝟖𝑯 𝟑𝑪𝒏‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟏𝟐 ‪= 𝟏.‬‬
‫𝟏 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 𝑶 𝟔𝟎.‬‬

‫‪1 mol C3H8O‬‬ ‫‪è 8 mol H‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪1.21 mol C3H8O è‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬

‫𝟏𝟐 ‪𝟖 × 𝟏.‬‬
‫= 𝑯𝒏 = 𝒙‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟖𝟔 ‪= 𝟗.‬‬
‫𝟏‬
‫ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺆ ا ل ط ﺎ ﻟ ﺐ ﻣ ﻨ ﻲ ﻋ ﺪ د ذ ر ا ت ‪ ,‬ﻓ ﺎ ﺿ ﺮ ب ﻋ ﺪ د اﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ د اﻓ ﻮ ﺟ ﺎد ر و ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟ ﻘ ﺎ ﻧ ﻮ ن ‪:‬‬

‫𝒔𝒎𝒐𝒕𝒂 𝟒𝟐𝟎𝟏 × 𝟑𝟖 ‪𝑵𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 = 𝒏𝑯 × 𝑵𝑨 = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟖 × 𝟔. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 = 𝟓.‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫?‪Q: What mass of cerussite, PbCO3, would contain 35.0 grams of lead, Pb‬‬

‫ﻻزم ﻧﺤﻮل ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ‪ Pb‬اول ﺷﻲء اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮﻻت ﺑﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﻮﻻت‪:‬‬
‫𝒃𝑷𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎‬ ‫𝟎 ‪𝟑𝟓.‬‬
‫= 𝒃𝑷𝒏‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟗𝟔𝟏 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬
‫𝟐 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒃 𝟐𝟎𝟕.‬‬

‫‪1 mol PbCO3 è‬‬ ‫‪1 mol Pb‬‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫‪X mol PbCO3 è 0.169 mol Pb‬‬

‫𝟗𝟔𝟏 ‪𝟏 × 𝟎.‬‬
‫= 𝟑𝑶𝑪𝒃𝑷𝒏 = 𝒙‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟗𝟔𝟏 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬
‫𝟏‬
‫اﻟﺴ ﺆ ال ط ﺎﻟﺐ ﻣ ﻨﻲ اﻟﻜ ﺘﻠﺔ ﻓ ﺘﻨﺤ ﻞ ﺣ ﺴ ﺐ اﻟﻘ ﺎﻧﻮ ن ‪:‬‬

‫𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒈 𝟔𝟏 ‪𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝑷𝒃𝑪𝑶𝟑 = 𝒏𝑷𝒃𝑪𝑶𝟑 × 𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝐏𝐛𝐂𝐎𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟗 × 𝟐𝟔𝟕. 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓.‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
 ‫* اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪: Percent Composition of Compounds‬‬

‫𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆 𝒇𝒐 𝒕𝒘𝑴 × 𝒏‬
‫= 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆 𝒏𝒂 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫𝟎𝟎𝟏 ×‬
‫𝒅𝒏𝒖𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒐𝒄 𝒇𝒐 𝒕𝒘𝑴‬

‫‪A) C2H5OH:‬‬
‫𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝟕𝟎 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟓 𝑶𝑯 = (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏)𝑪 + (𝟔 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝑯 + (𝟏 × 𝟏𝟔)𝑶 = 𝟒𝟔.‬‬
‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟐 × 𝟏𝟐.‬‬
‫= 𝑪 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟏𝟒%‬‬
‫𝟕𝟎 ‪𝟒𝟔.‬‬

‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟔 × 𝟏.‬‬
‫= 𝑯 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟏𝟑%‬‬
‫𝟕𝟎 ‪𝟒𝟔.‬‬

‫𝟔𝟏 × 𝟏‬
‫= 𝑶 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟕𝟑%‬‬
‫𝟕𝟎 ‪𝟒𝟔.‬‬
‫‪B) C3H8:‬‬
‫𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝟗𝟎 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝑪𝟑 𝑯𝟖 = (𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐. 𝟎𝟏)𝑪 + (𝟖 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝑯 = 𝟒𝟒.‬‬
‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟑 × 𝟏𝟐.‬‬
‫= 𝑪 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟐%‬‬
‫𝟗𝟎 ‪𝟒𝟒.‬‬

‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟖 × 𝟏.‬‬
‫= 𝑯 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟖%‬‬
‫𝟕𝟎 ‪𝟒𝟔.‬‬

‫‪C) H3PO4:‬‬
‫𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝟗𝟗 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕 𝑯𝟑 𝑷𝑶𝟒 = (𝟑 × 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝑯 + (𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝟕)𝑷 + (𝟒 × 𝟏𝟔)𝑶 = 𝟗𝟕.‬‬
‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟑 × 𝟏.‬‬
‫= 𝑯 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟔%‬‬
‫𝟗𝟗 ‪𝟗𝟕.‬‬

‫𝟕𝟗 ‪𝟏 × 𝟑𝟎.‬‬
‫= 𝑷 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝟏%‬‬
‫𝟗𝟗 ‪𝟗𝟕.‬‬

‫𝟔𝟏 × 𝟒‬
‫= 𝑶 𝒇𝒐 𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒎 𝒚𝒃 𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝑷‬ ‫‪× 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟑𝟏%‬‬
‫𝟗𝟗 ‪𝟗𝟕.‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
* Empirical Formula, and Molecular Formula:

Chemical
Formulas

Molecular Empirical
Formula Formula
Example: Glucose Example:
C6H12O6 CH2O

Shows the exact number Elements present in

of atoms of each element simplest whole-number
in smallest unit of ratio of their atoms.
substance.
‫ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺑﺴﻂ‬
‫ﺗﻮرﯾﻨﻲ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ذرات‬ .‫ﺻﻮرة‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬

‫ ﻻﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺑﺴﻂ ﺻﻮرة‬molecular ‫ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟـ‬empirical ‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟـ‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫‪* Determining Empirical Formula from Percent Composition‬‬
‫ﺑ ﮭ ﺬ ا ا ﻟ ﺴ ﺆ ا ل ر ا ح ﯾ ﻄ ﻠ ﺐ ﻣ ﻨ ﻲ ا ط ﻠﻊ ا ﻟ ﺼ ﯿ ﻐ ﺔ ا ﻷ و ﻟ ﯿ ﺔ ﻟ ﻤ ﺮ ﻛ ﺐ ﯾ ﺘ ﻜ ﻮ ن ﻣ ﻦ ﻋ ﻨ ﺼ ﺮ ﯾ ﻦ و ا ﻛ ﺜﺮ ‪ ,‬ﻣ ﻤ ﻜ ﻦ ﯾ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿ ﻨ ﻲ ﻛ ﺘ ﻠ ﺔ ا و ﻧ ﺴ ﺒ ﺔ ﻣ ﺌ ﻮ ﯾ ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ ﻠ ﻌ ﻨ ﺎ ﺻ ﺮ ‪ < - -‬ﻧ ﺤ ﻮ ﻟ ﮭ ﻢ ﻟ ﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ‪ < - -‬ﻧ ﻘ ﺴ ﻢ ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ ا ﺻ ﻐ ﺮ ﻋ ﺪ د ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت ‪ < - -‬ﻧ ﺘ ﺎ ﻛ ﺪ ا ن ا ﻷ ر ﻗ ﺎ م ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ا ﻟ ﻘ ﺴ ﻤ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮر ة ‪.‬‬

‫‪Q: Find the empirical formula for a compound composed of 1.38 grams of carbon, C, and‬‬
‫‪0.36 gram of hydrogen, H.‬‬

‫اﻟﻌ ﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﻤ ﻜ ﻮ ﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ ﻛ ﺐ‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿﺎت‬ ‫‪1.38 g‬‬ ‫‪0.36 g‬‬

‫𝟖𝟑 ‪𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝟔𝟑 ‪𝟎.‬‬
‫ﻧ ﺤ ﻮ ﻟﮭ ﻢ ﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻘ ﻮ ا ﻧ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻠ ﻲ ﻧ ﻌ ﺮ ﻓ ﮭ ﺎ‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟓𝟏𝟏 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟔𝟓𝟑 ‪= 𝟎.‬‬
‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟏𝟐.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟏.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘ ﺴ ﻢ ﻋ ﻠﻰ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﻋ ﻨﺪي‬ ‫𝟓𝟏𝟏 ‪𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝟔𝟓𝟑 ‪𝟎.‬‬
‫𝟏=‬ ‫𝟑≈‬
‫) ﻧ ﺘﺄﻛﺪ ان ﻛ ﻞ اﻟﻨﻮ اﺗﺞ ﻓ ﻲ اﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة (‬ ‫𝟓𝟏𝟏 ‪𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝟓𝟏𝟏 ‪𝟎.‬‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﯿﻐ ﺔ اﻻ و ﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫𝟑𝑯𝑪‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫‪Q: Find the empirical formula for a compound composed of 40.92% of carbon, C, 4.58%‬‬
‫‪of hydrogen, H, and unknown percent of oxygen, O.‬‬

‫اﻟﻌ ﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﻤ ﻜ ﻮ ﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ ﻛ ﺐ‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬

‫– ‪100‬‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿﺎت‬
‫‪40.92 g‬‬ ‫‪4.58 g‬‬ ‫)‪(40.92+4.58‬‬
‫) ﻧ ﺸ ﯿﻞ اﻟﻨ ﺴ ﺒﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺌﻮ ﯾﺔ و ﻧ ﺤ ﻂ ﺟ ﺮ ام ﻋ ﺎدي (‬
‫‪= 54.5 g‬‬

‫𝟐𝟗 ‪𝟒𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝟖𝟓 ‪𝟒.‬‬ ‫𝟓 ‪𝟓𝟒.‬‬

‫ﻧ ﺤ ﻮ ﻟﮭ ﻢ ﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻘ ﻮ ا ﻧ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻠ ﻲ ﻧ ﻌ ﺮ ﻓ ﮭ ﺎ‬ ‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟏𝟐.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟎 ‪𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝟔𝟏‬
‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟏𝟒 ‪= 𝟑.‬‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟒𝟓 ‪= 𝟒.‬‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟏𝟒 ‪= 𝟑.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘ ﺴ ﻢ ﻋ ﻠﻰ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﻋ ﻨﺪي‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟑.‬‬ ‫𝟒𝟓 ‪𝟒.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟑.‬‬

‫𝟏=‬ ‫𝟑𝟑 ‪≈ 𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝟏=‬
‫) ﻧ ﺘﺄﻛﺪ ان ﻛ ﻞ اﻟﻨﻮ اﺗﺞ ﻓ ﻲ اﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة (‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟑.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟑.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟑.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻧﮭ ﻢ ﻣ ﻮ ﻓ ﻲ اﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة ر اح اﺿ ﺮ ب اﻟﻌ ﻨ ﺎ ﺻ ﺮ‬
‫ﻛ ﻠ ﮭ ﻢ ﺑ ـ ‪ ٣‬ﻋ ﺸ ﺎ ن ﯾ ﺼ ﯿ ﺮ و ن ار ﻗ ﺎ م ﺻ ﺤ ﯿ ﺤ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﺑ ﺴ ﻂ‬ ‫‪1x3=3‬‬ ‫𝟒 ≈ ‪1.33 x 3‬‬ ‫‪1x3=3‬‬
‫ﺻ ﻮرة‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﯿﻐ ﺔ اﻻ و ﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫𝟑𝑶 𝟒𝑯 𝟑𝑪‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﻮق ﺣﺴﺒﻨﺎ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻻﻛﺴﺠﯿﻦ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻻن ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻻزم ﯾﻜﻮن ﯾﺴﺎوي ‪!٪١٠٠‬‬

‫ا ذ ا ط ﻠ ﻌ ﺖ ﻟ ﻨ ﺎ ار ﻗ ﺎ م ﻓ ﯿ ﮭ ﺎ ﻓ ﻮ ا ﺻ ﻞ ﻛ ﺮ ﯾ ﮭ ﺔ ‪ . .‬ﻻ ز م ﻧ ﻌ ﺮ ف ﺷ ﻠ ﻮ ن ﻧ ﺘ ﻌ ﺎ ﻣ ﻞ ﻣ ﻌ ﺎ ھ ﺎ و ﺷ ﻨ ﻮ ﻧ ﻀ ﺮ ب ﻋ ﺸ ﺎ ن ﻧ ﻄ ﯿ ﺮ ا ﻟ ﻜ ﺴ ﻮ ر ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﻮ اﺻ ﻞ اﻟﻜﺮ ﯾﮭ ﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫)‪.25 (x 4) /// .33 (x 3) /// .5 (x 2‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫‪* Determination of the Molecular Formula:‬‬
‫ﻋﺸﺎن ﻧﺤﺴﺐ اﻟـ ‪ Molecular Formula‬ﻻزم اول ﺷﻲء ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺻﯿﻐﺔ اﻟـ ‪Empirical‬‬

‫واﯾﻀﺎ ً ﻻزم ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟـ ‪ Mwt‬ﻟﻠـ ‪ Molecular Formula‬ﻣﻌﻄﻰ ‪ ..‬أو اﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﻄﯿﻨﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻮﻻﺗﮭﺎ وﻛﺘﻠﺘﮭﺎ واﺣﺴﺒﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ‪Mwt = mass / n :‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﺘﺎج ‪ Mwt‬ﻟﻠـ ‪ Molecular Formula‬ﻋﺸﺎن ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ ﺑﮭﺬا اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن وﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ‪ N‬وﻧﻀﺮﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﯿﻐﺔ اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒓𝒐𝑭 𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒐𝑴𝒕𝒘𝑴‬
‫=𝑵‬
‫𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒓𝒐𝑭 𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒎𝑬𝒕𝒘𝑴‬

‫وﻻزم ﺑﺎي ﺣﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻮال اﻧﺎ اﺣﺴﺐ اﻟـ ‪ Mwt‬ﺣﻖ اﻟـ ‪Empirical‬‬

‫‪Q: Find the molecular formula for a compound that has a molar mass of 180.2 g/mol and‬‬
‫‪its empirical formula is CH2O.‬‬

‫‪Mwt CH2O = (1 x 12.01)C + (2 x 1.01)H + (1 x 16)O = 30.03 g/mol‬‬

‫𝟐 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟏𝟖𝟎.‬‬
‫=𝑵‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟔=‬
‫𝟑𝟎 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟑𝟎.‬‬

‫‪6 X CH2O = C6H12O6‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
‫‪Q: A sample was analyzed and found to contain 43.64% phosphorous and 56.36% oxygen.‬‬
‫‪If the Mwt = 283.88 g/mol, find the empirical and molecular formula.‬‬

‫اﻟﻌ ﻨﺎﺻ ﺮ اﻟﻤ ﻜ ﻮ ﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮ ﻛ ﺐ‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬

‫اﻟﻤ ﻌ ﻄ ﯿﺎت‬ ‫‪43.64 g‬‬ ‫‪56.36 g‬‬

‫𝟒𝟔 ‪𝟒𝟑.‬‬ ‫𝟔𝟑 ‪𝟓𝟔.‬‬

‫ﻧ ﺤ ﻮ ﻟﮭ ﻢ ﻟﻤ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﺑ ﺎ ﻟ ﻘ ﻮ ا ﻧ ﯿ ﻦ ا ﻟ ﻠ ﻲ ﻧ ﻌ ﺮ ﻓ ﮭ ﺎ‬ ‫𝟕𝟗 ‪𝟑𝟎.‬‬ ‫𝟔𝟏‬
‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟏𝟒 ‪= 𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝒍𝒐𝒎 𝟐𝟓 ‪= 𝟑.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘ ﺴ ﻢ ﻋ ﻠﻰ اﺻ ﻐﺮ ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻮ ﻻ ت ﻋ ﻨﺪي‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝟐𝟓 ‪𝟑.‬‬

‫𝟏=‬ ‫𝟓 ‪≈ 𝟐.‬‬
‫) ﻧ ﺘﺄﻛﺪ ان ﻛ ﻞ اﻟﻨﻮ اﺗﺞ ﻓ ﻲ اﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة (‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟏.‬‬ ‫𝟏𝟒 ‪𝟏.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﻧ ﮭ ﻢ ﻣ ﻮ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة ر اح ا ﺿ ﺮ ب ا ﻟ ﻌ ﻨ ﺎ ﺻ ﺮ ﻛ ﻠ ﮭ ﻢ ﺑ ـ ‪ 2‬ﻋ ﺸ ﺎ ن‬
‫‪1x2=2‬‬ ‫𝟓 = ‪2.5 x 2‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺼ ﯿﺮ و ن ار ﻗ ﺎ م ﺻ ﺤ ﯿ ﺤ ﺔ ﻓ ﻲ ا ﺑ ﺴ ﻂ ﺻ ﻮ ر ة‬

‫اﻟﺼ ﯿﻐ ﺔ اﻻ و ﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪P2O5‬‬

‫‪Mwt P2O5 = (2 x 30.97)P + (5 x 16)O = 141.94 g/mol‬‬

‫𝟖𝟖 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟐𝟖𝟑.‬‬
‫=𝑵‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟐=‬
‫𝟒𝟗 ‪𝑴𝒘𝒕𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝟏𝟒𝟏.‬‬

‫‪2 X P2O5 = P4O10‬‬

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
 Past Exams Questions on Chapter 6

1- How many moles of Ca are 3.01 x 1023 atoms of calcium?

A) 3.01 mol
B) 1.81 x 1047 mol
C) 1.00 mol
D) 0.500 mol

2- The molar mass of a molecular compound is the mass of one molecule in units of
grams.

A) True
B) False

3- How many grams are in 1.000 mol of iron, Fe?

A) 1.000 g
B) 6.022 x 1023 g
C) 26.00 g
D) 55.85 g

4- How many moles of Pt are in a 455 mg ring of pure platinum, Pt?

A) 2.33 mol
3
B) 2.33 x 10 mol
C) 2.33 x 10-3 mol
D) 8.88 x 104 mol

5- How many copper atoms are in a copper wire that weighs 5.16 grams?

A) 1.97 x 1026 atoms

B) 0.0812 atoms
C) 4.89 x 1022 atoms
D) 3.11 x 1024 atoms

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
6- How many moles of formula units are in 5.67 g of iron(III) sulfate, Fe2(SO4)3?

A) 2.15 x 10-2 mol

B) 2.27 x 10-3 mol
C) 5.67 x 10-3 mol
D) 1.42 x 10-2 mol

7- How many formula units are in 2.45 g of chalk (calcium carbonate, CaCO3)?

A) 2.45 x 1022 formula units

B) 1.47 x 1022 formula units
C) 2.95 x 1022 formula units
D) 1.47 x 1021 formula units

8- How many moles of chlorine atoms are in 16 moles of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4?

A) 3.85 x 1025
B) 0.25
C) 64
D) 4

9- What is the mass of 5.66 mol of dinitrogen tetrahydride, N2H4?

A) 90.7 g
B) 0.177 g
C) 5.66 g
D) 181 g

10- What is the mass percent of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide, NO2?

A) 46.68
B) 69.55
C) 0.3045
D) 30.45

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
11- What is the mass of 4.57 x 1021 molecules of ammonia, NH3?

A) 0.457 g
B) 4.57 g
C) 0.129 g
D) 0.137 g

12- What is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 14.5%

hydrogen and 85.5% carbon by mass?

A) CH
B) CH2
C) C2H
D) C2H3

13- What is the empirical formula of fructose, C6H12O6?

A) C2H4O2
B) CHO
C) C12H24O12
D) CH2O

14- A compound of empirical formula HO has a molar mass of 34.02 g/mol.

What is its molecular formula?

A) H2O2
B) HO2
C) H2O
D) HO

15- A compound composed of copper and oxygen weighs 8.160 grams. The compound is
decomposed and the copper found to weigh 6.491 grams. What is the mass percent
copper in the compound?

A) 1.257%
B) 20.45%
C) 79.55%
D) 0.7955%

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
16- How many moles of oxygen are in one mole of aluminum carbonate,
Al2(CO3)3?

A) 1 mol O
B) 3 mol O
C) 6 mol O
D) 9 mol O

17- What is the mass in grams of 5.16 x 1022 chromium atoms, Cr?

A) 0.0857 g
B) 2.68 x 1024 g
C) 4.46 g
D) 11.7 g

18- What is the mass, in grams, of 7.18 x 1024 molecules of chlorine, Cl2?

A) 845 g
B) 0.168 g
C) 5.95 g
D) 423 g

19- An unknown compound has a molar mass of 118.10 g/mol. Given the following
mass percent composition: 40.7% C, 5.13% H, and 54.2% O, calculate the empirical
and molecular formula, respectively.

A) C3H5O3 and C6H10O6

B) C4H6O4 and C8H12O8
C) C4H6O4 and C2H3O2
D) C2H3O2 and C4H6O4

20- How many grams of bromine are in 1.57 grams of phosphorus tribromide, PBr3?

A) 0.0174 g
B) 16.0 g
C) 1.39 g
D) 0.463 g

‫ﯾﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻼﺳﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى واﻟﻨﺸﺮ وﯾﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﻌﺎ ً ﺑﺎﺗﺎ ً ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮة دون اذن ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬