3.

4 Identification of Unknown Solid Organic

Compound
ANAANAssns***.eses..s...s.. ........... ee....aesausnasassARAAAA
SOLIDORGANIC SAMPLE

Water soluble Water insoluble

[Group C]
9. Benzoic acid
Acidic Non-acidic 10. Salicylic acid
[Group A] [Group B]
1. Oxalic acid 5. Resorcinol
2. Tartaric acid 6. Urea
3.Citric acid 7.Glucose
4.Succinic acid 8. Sucrose

For Group-A
i.e. water soluble and acidic solid
(Oxalic acid,Tartaric acid,Citric acid,Succinic acid)
o UNKNOWN SAMPLE: OXALICACID
Sample No.

Physical Characteristics
1. State
Crystalline solid
2. Colour
White
3. Odour
No characteristic smell
4. Solubility Soluble in water at room temperature
Since the given solid sample is soluble in water at room
citric acid, succinic acid, glucose, sucrose, urea or temperature, oxalic acid, tartaric acld,
resorcinol may be present.
 Chemical Tests :
Experiment Observation Inferences

1. The sample is added to a satu- Effervescence Oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric
rated solution of sodiumn bicar acid or succinic acid may be
bonate present.

2. Denige's reagent is added to an White precipitate in the cold Oxalic acidpresent

aqueous solution of the sample. condition

3. A pinch of the sample is heated The gas burns with blue Oxalic acid present and
confirmed.
with a few drops of concentrated flame.
sulphuric acid and the issuing
gas is ignited.
" Conclusion : The given sample is Oxalic acid.
COOH
coOH
O UNKNOWN SAMPLE:TARTARIC ACID
Sample No.
Physical Characteristics

1. State
Crystalline solid
2. Colour White
Nocharacteristic smell
3. Odour
temperature
4. Solubility Soluble in water at room
water at room temperature, oxalic
acid, tartaric acid,
solid sample is soluble in
Since the given
sucrose, urea or resorcinol may be present.
citric acid, succinic acid, glucose,
Chemical Tests :
Observation Inferences
Experiment
Effervescence Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
is added toa saturated solution of
1. The sample citric acid orSuccinic acid
sodium bicarbonate. may be present.
absent
added to an aqueous solu- No ppt in the cold Oxalic acid
2. Denige's reagent is condition
tion of the sample.
aqueous solu- Decolourisation
of Tartaric acid is present
3. Denige's reagentis added to an pink colour without
After cooling a
tion of the sample and boiled. permanganate turbidity.
few drops of dilute potassium
solution is added to it.
a dilute aqueous Violet colouration Tartaric acid is present
4. The sample is added to and conirmed
of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate.
solution
followed by
2 Drops of H,0, is added to it
addition of dilute NaOH solution.
 CH(OH)COOH
UNKNOWN SAMPLE: CITRIC ACID
Sample No.
Physical Characteristics
1. State Crystalline solid
2. Colour White
3. Odour No characteristicsmell
4. Solubility Soluble in water at room temperature

Since the given solid sample is soluble in water at room temperature, oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
citricacid, succinic acid, glucose, sucrose, urea or resorcinol may be present.
ChemicalTests :
Experimnent Observation Inferences

1. . The sample is added to a saturated solu-|Effervescence Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,

tion of sodium bicarbonate. citric acid or succinic
acid may be present.
2. Deniges reagent is added to an aqueous so No ppt in the cold con Oxalic acid is absent
lution of the samnple. dition

3. Denige's reagent is added to an aqueous Decolourisation of pink Citric acid is present and
solution of the sample and boiled. After colour with heavy white confirmed
cooling a few drops of dilute potassium turbidity.
permanganate solution is added to it.
Conclusion :The given sample is Citric acid
CH,COOH
C(OH)COOH
CH,COOH
o UNKNOWNSAMPLE:SUCCINICACID
Sample No.

Physical Characteristics
1. State Crystalline solid
2. Colour White
3. Odour No characteristic smell

4. Solubility Soluble in water at roon temperature

 temperature, oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
Since the given solid sample is soluble in water at room
itric acid, succinic acid, glucose, sucrose, urea or resorcinol may be present.
Chemical Tests :
Observation Inferences
Experiment
Effervescence Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
1. The sample is added to asaturated solution of citric acid or succinic acid
sodium bicarbonate. may be present.
absent
reagent is added to an aqueous solu- No ppt in the cold Oxalic acid is
2. Denige's condition
tion of the sample.
present
reagent isadded to an aqueous solu- No decolourisation Succinic acid is
3. Denige's
coolinga of pink colour.
tion of the sample and boiled. After
few drops of dilute potassium permanganate
solution is added to it.
resorcinol in 1:2 Intense greenish yel- Succinic acid is present
4. The sample is fused with and confirmed
drops low fluorescence.
ratio. The melt is heated with a few
dilute
of conc. sulphuric acid and poured in
NaOH solution.

is Succinic acid
" Conclusion: The given sample
CH,COOH
CH,COOH

For Group-B
solid
i.e. water soluble and non-acidic
(Resorcinol, Urea, Glucose and Sucrose)

O UNKNOWN SAMPLE:RESORCINOL
Sample No.
Physical Characteristics
1. State Solid flake shaped
2. Colour Light brown
No characteristic smell
3. Odour
Soluble in water at room temperature
4. Solubility
acid, tartaric acid,
Since the given solid sample is soluble in water at roomtemperature, oxalic
present.
citric acid, succinic acid, glucose, sucrose, urea or resorcinol may be
 Chemical Tests :
Inferences
Experiment Observation
Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
1. The sanmple is added to asaturated solution No effervescence citric acid or succinic
acid
of sodium bicarbonate. are absent.

Noviolet colouration Sucrose, glucose are absent.

10 àsolution of the sample and1-naphthol
in ethanol conc. sulphuric acid is added at the junction of two
drop wise. liquids.
J. The compound is heated with solid NaOH.Nosmell of ammonia Urea is absent
Resorcinol is present
4. Afew drops of freshly prepared solution of Violet colouration
ferric chloride is added to an aqueous solu
tion of the sample.
5. Anaqueous solution of the sample is add- The upper aqueous confirmed
Resorcinol present and
ed to chloroform. Then 2-3 beads of solid layer turns red.
NaOH is added to the mixture and shaken.
6. Twoparts of thesample is mixed with one Intense fluorescence Resorcinol present and
part of Succinic acid. The mixture is heated with greenish tint. confirmed
to melt. Then a few drops of conc. H,SO4
is added to the melt and heated again. The
mixture becomes dark red. It is then added
toa large excess of dilute NaOH.

Conclusion : The given sample is Resorcinol

OH

OH

UNKNOWN SAMPLE: UREA

Sample No.

Physical Characteristics
1. State
Crystalline solid
2. Colour White
3. Odour
Characteristic smell
4. Solubility
Soluble in water at room
temperature
Since the given solid sample is
citric acid, succinic acid, soluble in water at room
glucose, sucrose, urea or temperature, oxalic
resorcinol may be present.acid, tartaric acia,
 Chemical Tests :
Experiment Observation Inferences
1 Thesample is added to a saturated solution No effervescence Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
of sodium bicarbonate. citric acid or succinicacid
are absent
Resorcinol is absent
2. Afew drops of freshly prepared solution of No violet colouration
ferric chloride is added to an aqueous solu
tion of the sample.
3. To a solution of the sample and 1-naphthol No violet colouration Sucrose, glucose are ab
in etharnol conc. sulphuric acid is added at the junction of two
sent

drop wise. liquids

NaOH. Smellof ammonia Urea is present
4. The compound isheated with solid
Violet colouration Urea is present and con
5. The compound is fused and dilute NaOH firmed
solution is added to it. Then 2 drops of very
dilute solution of copper sulphate is added
to it (Biuret test).

" Conclusion : The given sample is Urea

H,N NH,

UNKNOWN SAMPLE:GLUCOSE
Sample No.
Physical Characteristics

1. State
Amorphoussolid
White
2. Colour
No characteristic smell
3. Odour
Soluble in water at room temperature
4. Solubility
tartaric acid,
solid sample is soluble in water at roomn temperature, oxalic acid,
Since the given urea or resorcinol may be present.
succinic acid, glucose, sucrose,
citric acid,
Chemical Tests :
Observation Inferences
Experiment
Oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
solution No effervescence
1. The sample is added to a saturated citric acid or succinic acid
of sodium bicarbonate. are absent.
Resorcinol absent
freshlyprepared solution of No violet colouration
2. A few drops of an aqueoussolu
ferric chloride is added to
tion of the sample.

Chemistry In Laboratory (H)-5

 Sample
No.
SAMPLE:SUCROSE
UNKNOWN O "
3. Tests: citricSince Conclusion 6. 5.
2. 1.Chemical Solubility Odour 3. 2.State 1.
4. Colour 4. 3.
The tionferricbicarbonate.
Asodium ofThe minutes.4-5for
-1 edsolution.
An The wise.
drop in To The
few acid, the mLwith
compound of sample aqueous ethanol a
chloride given sample solutioncompound
the drops succinic of
sample. The : phenyl -1
is solid mL conc.
added
solution ofExperlment
is
of Experiment given is
freshly
is added acid, hydrazine of the is
heated sample heated sulphuric heated
glacial sample
to sample of
prepared
to a glucose, Characteristics the
with saturated Soluble Crystalline
characteristic
White solidPhysical with
an is smell No HO acetic
sample
on with acid and
solid aqueous soluble is solid
sucrose, in H
H H Glucose water 1-naphthol
solution CH,OH CHO acid Fehling's is
NaOH, solution water is added NaOH.
in OHOH HOH bath and heat-
solu water
of urea at
room Yellow the
Brick liquids Violet No
No No No or at
smell temperature smell
Observation
violeteffervescence
Observation resorcinol room red junction
precipitation colouration
precipitationGlucose of
of
colouration temperature, ammonia
ammonia of
may two at
be firmed.
Glucose firmed present
Sucrose, Urea
Urea Resorcinol Oxalic
absent absentarecitric present.
oxalic
absent
absent acid Inferences
acid,
Inferences acid, present present glucose
or
succinic
tartaric tartaric
and and may
acid acid, acid, con con be
 Experiment Observation Inferences

4 To asolution of the sample and 1-naphthol Violet colouration at Sucrose, glucose may be
in etharnol conc. sulphuric acid is added the junction of two present
drop wise liquids
precipi- Glucose is absent
5.The sample is heated with Fehling's solu- No brick red
tation
tion.
6. An aqueous solution of the compound is Brick red precipitation Sucrose is present
boiled with -0.5 mL of conc. HCI. The solu
tion is then heated with Fehling's solution.
Wine red colouration Sucrose presernt and con
7. An aqueous solution of the compound is firmed
boiled with -0.5 mL of conc. HCI, Then 1-2
and
crystals of resorcinol are added to it
heated.

" Conclusion: The given sample is Sucrose

HO
HÌ
HO
OH

HO

H OH)
H CH,OH
OH H

For Group-C
i.e.water insoluble and acidic solid
(Benzoic acid and Salicylic acid)

OUNKNOWN SAMPLE: BENZoIC ACID

Sample No.
Physical Characteristics

1. State Crystalline solid

2. Colour White
No characteristic smell
3. Odour
water.
4. Solubility Insoluble in water at room temperature, but soluble in hot
tenmperature, it may be benzoic acid
Since the given solid sample is insoluble in water at room
or salicylic acid.
 Chemical Tests:
Experiment Observation Inferences

1. The sample is added to asaturated solution of sodium Effervescence Benzoic acid or salicylic
bicarbonate. acid may be presernt.
2. ride
Afewis drops of freshly prepared solution of ferric chlo- Buff coloured Benzoic acid present
added to an ethanolicsolution of the sample. precipitate and confirmed.
3. ~1mL of methanol is mixed with a little solid
sample Sweet smell Benzoic acid present
and few drops of conc. H,SO,. The mixture is heated perceived. and confirmed.
carefully, and then poured into large excess of water
taken in abeaker.
" Conclusion :The given sample is Benzoic acid
COOH

o UNKNOWN SAMPLE: SALICYLIC ACID

Sample N.

Physical Characteristics
1. State
Crystalline solid
2. Colour White
3. Odour Nocharacteristic smell
4. Solubility Insoluble in water at room temperature, but soluble in hot
water
Since the given solid sample is insoluble in
acid or salicylic acid. water at room temperature, it may be benzoic
Chemical Tests:
Experiment
Observation
1. The sample is added to a saturated
solution Effervescence Inferences
of sodium bicarbonate.
Benzoic acid or
2. A few drops of freshly prepared solution of acid may be salicylic
ferric chloride is added to an ethanolic solu Violet colouration
present.
tion of the sample.
Salicylic acid present
and confirmed.
3. ~1 mL of methanol is mixed with alittle sol-
id sample and few drops of conc. H,SO,.The Fragrant smell of oil of
Salicylic
wintergreen (like iodex) and acid present
mixture is heated carefully, and then poured obtained.
into large excess of water taken ina beaker. confirmed.
" Conclusion: The given sample is Salicylicacid
COOH

OH
 ldentification of Single Solid Compound :
SOLID COMPOUND
Check solubility in water
Insoluble
Soluble
Benzoic acid, Salicylicacid
Oxalic acid, Tartaric acid, Citric Test with FeCl,
acid, Succinic acid, Resorcinol,
Urea, Sucrose, Glucose Violet colouration Buff pp.
Test with NaHCO, Benzoic acid
Salicylic acid
No Effervescence
Effervescence

Oxalicacid, Tartaric Resorcinol, Molisch's test

acid, Citric acid, Urea, Sucrose,
Succinic acid Glucose
Negative
|Positive
Denige's test Resorcinol, Urea
Sucrose, Glucose
Immediate white No ppt in the cold
Fehling's test Heat with
Ppt in the cold
Tartaricacid, NaOH
Oxalic Citric acid, Positive Negative
acid Succinicacid Sucrose
Glucose
Futher confirmed by
The solution is boiled & few Seliwanoff's test
drops of KMnO, is added
Pink colour Smell of NH, Nosmell
Pink colour discharges Pink color discharges
with heavy turbidity persists Urea of NH,
without turbidity
Citric acid Succinicacid Resorcinol
Tartaric acid
Further confirmed by Further confirmed
Fluorescence test by FeCl,