Weight Contigency Factor

An upper bound design weight (Wud) shall be defined for all operations. Where the minimum weight could be critica
1 in an operation e.g. voyage motions, a lower bound design weight (W ld) shall be defined.

Where an object (excluding piles) is not to be weighed, the following shall be true for the as built
weight
report: design weight (Wld) shall be defined.
Weight Class A Weight contigency factors
2 Upper bound design weight (Wud) 40 tonnes Weight Class
Lower bound design weight (Wld) 40 tonnes A
WReport, Factored ≤ 38.095 tonnes B or C
WReport, Base ≥ 38.095 tonnes

Where an object (excluding piles) is to be weighed, the following shall be true for the final weighed
condition corrected for any post weighing modifications:
weight
3 Percentage of accuracy of the
Wweighed (UB) ≤ 20.000 tonnes weighing equipment
Wweighed (LB) ≥ 20.000 tonnes γWeighing

The weight contingency factors for piles shall be agreed with the MWS company and shall consider the
following as a minimum:
4 — plate thickness tolerance
— fabrication tolerances.

Notes
Class A (weight control) will apply if the project is weight or CoGsensitive for lifting and marine operations or during operation
(with the addition of temporaries), or has many contractors with which to interface. Projects may also require this high
definition if risk gives cause for concern.
Class B (weight control) shall apply to projects where the focus on weight and CoG is less critical for lifting and marine
operations than for projects where Class A is applicable.
Class C (weight control) shall apply to projects where the requirements for weight and CoG data are not critical.
 Input Value
inimum weight could be critical Calculated value
ed.

the as built

Weight contigency factors

γWeight
1.05
1.10

final weighed

ge of accuracy of the 100

ghing equipment
γWeighing 2

shall consider the

operations or during operation

ay also require this high

for lifting and marine

are not critical.

 Centre of Gravity Factors
For weight Class A and B structures a CoG envelope shall be applied to allow for CoG inaccuracies. For Class C structures a CoG
recommended.

The size of the CoG envelope should reflect the operational and structural sensitivity to CoG variations and the most conserva
gravity position within the envelope should be taken.

For Class C, if a CoG envelope is not used then a CoG inaccuracy factor of 1.10 shall be applied to the weight. Where it can be
that a lower CoG inaccuracy factor is applicable, this should be agreed with the MWS company.

The CoG contingency factors for piles shall be determined considering the pile length and the plate manufacturer’s plate thick
tolerance specification..

Normal weighing operations can be used only to identify the CoG position in a horizontal plane; the effects of weighing equipm
inaccuracy shall be considered when determining the associated CoG envelope.

Inaccuracies in the vertical CoG position should be specially considered for operations that are sensitive to the vertical CoG po
applicable the vertical CoG can be verified by means of an inclining test

Notes : For early design stages, too small an envelope should be avoided and envelope sizes should generally be no less than 0
x 0.05H, where L, B and H are the Length, Breadth and Height of the structure.For operations with a linear relation between sh
and resulting load effects, or operations less sensitive to CoG shifts, the inaccuracy in estimated CoG may alternatively be acco
an inaccuracy factor applied to the weight. This factor should normally not be taken less than 1.05.
s. For Class C structures a CoG envelope is

ations and the most conservative centre of

o the weight. Where it can be documented

ate manufacturer’s plate thickness

the effects of weighing equipment

ensitive to the vertical CoG position. If

uld generally be no less than 0.05L x 0.05B

th a linear relation between shift in CoG
CoG may alternatively be accounted for by
05.
 Dynamic Amplification Factor

Dynamic Amplification Factor in air (excluding elevated

Dynamic Amplification Factor in air
Jackups)
Static Hook Load 800.00 Static Hook Load

DAF DAF
Onshore Inshore Offshore
Inshore
1.05 1.10 1.20
Own Deck to/from To/from FLOATING
FIXED structure structure

1.10 1.15
Notes :
1. For lifted items weighing less than 3 tonnes, it is recommended to assume that the item weighs 3 tonnes and this is used th
rigging design.
 Input Value
tor
Calculated value

Amplification Factor in air (for elevated Jackups)

ook Load 23.00

DAF

hore Offshore

To/from FLOATING Own Deck to/from To/from FLOATING

structure FIXED structure structure

1.15 1.15 1.20

hs 3 tonnes and this is used throughout the calculations for the

 SKEW LOAD FACTOR (SKL)

CASE 1 45° ≤ Sling angle ≤ 80°

SKL Value
Provided : a) The sling length tolerances
b) The sling lengths are within ± 0.5% of
Statically determinate lifts (with or without a single spreader
1 1.00
bar)

Provided : a) The rigging geometry is ap

b) The sling lengths are within ± 0.5% of
For a lift system using matched pairs of slings an incorporating 2 c) The calculated axial load in the sprea
2 1.10 d) The slings on the underside of each s
or more spreader bars
bars are not crossed so they pick up dia

Provided : The hook loads for these lifts

bar system. A reduced value may be use
For lifts where more than two hooks are used and each hook is and subject to evaluation of sling length
3 1.10
connected to a single spreader

For Cable Laid Slings: The slings are fabr

pair of slings shall not be more than 0.5
For indeterminate 4 sling lifts using matched pairs of cable laid — The slings are of a standard construc
4 1.25 — The slings are installed so that the lo
slings or grommets
— Sling utilisation when checking with t
— The sling length shall be greater than
For Cable:Laid
Provided The Grommets:
slings are fabricated with
slings shall not be more than 1.0d wher
For indeterminate 4 sling lifts using matched pairs of wire single The slings are of a standard constructio
5 1.25 kilograms per metre of the sling and d is
laid slings,
The slings are installed so that the longe
Sling utilisation when checking with the
skew factor of 1.25 should be more tha
CASE 2 Sling angle < 45 or > 80
The skew load shall be calculated using
For indeterminate 4 sling lifts using four cable laid wire rope default elastic modulus, E, of 25,000 N/
1
slings of unequal length

The skew load shall be calculated using

For indeterminate 4 grommet lift using four cable laid wire rope default elastic modulus, E, of 25,000 N/
2
grommets of unequal length

The skew load shall be calculated using

For indeterminate 4 sling lifts using four single laid wire rope default elastic modulus, E, of 80,000 N/
3
slings of unequal length
OAD FACTOR (SKL)

Remarks
: a) The sling length tolerances do not significantly affect the load attitude or lift system geometry
ng lengths are within ± 0.5% of their nominal length.

: a) The rigging geometry is approximately symmetric.

ng lengths are within ± 0.5% of their nominal length.
culated axial load in the spreader bar is at least 15% of the sling load.
ngs on the underside of each spreader bar are connected to adjacent lift points i.e. the spreader
ot crossed so they pick up diagonally opposite lift points.

: The hook loads for these lifts are monitored to ensure that they are within the limitations of each spreader
m. A reduced value may be used, provided the hook elevations can be shown to be individually controlled,
ct to evaluation of sling length tolerances, the rigging arrangement and crane operating procedures.

Laid Slings: The slings are fabricated with a length tolerance of ±1.5d and the difference between a matched
ngs shall not be more than 0.5d where d is the sling diameter in consistent units;
ngs are of a standard construction
ngs are installed so that the longer slings of each matched pair are not on the same diagonal.
tilisation when checking with the termination factor and a skewfactor of 1.25 should be more than 0.6.
ng length shall be greater than 100 x d.
:Laid
The Grommets:
slings are fabricated with a length tolerance of ±2.0d and the difference between a matched pair of
ll not be more than 1.0d where d is the sling diameter.
are of a standard construction and meet the criteria of 230xW/d2 <1.0 where W is the weight in
per metre of the sling and d is the sling diameter.
are installed so that the longer slings of each matched pair are not on the same diagonal.
ation when checking with the termination efficiency factor (see [16.4.3.1] and [16.4.7.1]) and a
or of 1.25 should be more than 0.6.

load shall be calculated using either a sling area, A, of 0.785d 2, where d is the sling diameter in mm, and a
astic modulus, E, of 25,000 N/mm 2 or the measured value for EA

load shall be calculated using either a sling area, A, of 1.57d 2, where d is the sling diameter in mm, and a
astic modulus, E, of 25,000 N/mm 2 or the measured value for EA

load shall be calculated using either a sling area, A, of 0.785d 2, where d is the sling diameter in mm, and a
astic modulus, E, of 80,000 N/mm 2 or the measured value for EA
 Load Calculation
Hook Load
Upper bound design weight Wud 800 tonnes
Rigging weight Wrigging 5 tonnes
Special Loads 0 tonnes
Dynamic amplification factor DAF 1.2
Static Hook Load SHL 805 tonnes
Dynamic Hook Load DHL 966 tonnes
 Input Value
Calculated value
 Sling or Grommet Design
Design Loads Remarks
The load in a grommet shall be distributed into each part in the ratio as
Sling Design Load FSD 1000 Hence the design load in one part of the grommet is to be checked again
grommet.

Minimum Breaking MBL 3000

Load of sling
Nominal safety γsf 3.921645
factor for sling
Check FSD 1000 < 764.9851 Design is Unsafe since the Sling design load is less t

Sling or grommet nominal safety factors for design

γsf = γh γc γr γw γm or γsf = 2.3 γr γw (Highest of these two values are taken)

γh 1.3 γr 1.25
γm 1.547 γsf
γc 1.3 γw 1.2

1.3 Normally Taken

Provided that all skew load effects have been accurately calculated and the dynam
1.2
permanent (dead) load component.
Lifting Load Factor γh EL 1 Load in rigging caused by the environmental loadin
Detailed
1.3 computer Total load in rigging from permanent (dead) load (
analysis TL 1 variable functional loads, such as winch loads, imp
loads (wind, waves,current etc.).

If a single sling failure does not result in the total loss of the lifted structure, or the
Consequence Factor γc 1.3 be regarded as negligible, a lower consequence factor may be applied subject to ag

The reduction factor, γr, due to end termination or bending is to be taken as the gre
Sling or grommet and γb (bending factor)
γr
reduction factor

Wire rope slings

Hand splices on wire ropes 1.25
(refer to EN 134112 for requirements)
Ferrules and ferrule securing 1.12
Molten metal or resin poured sockets 1.00
Cable laid slings For cable laid slings which are fabricated
Termination factor γs inner rope is not considered in the dete
Hand splices on cable laid slings 1.33 laid sling, a value of 1.25 for thetermina
For fibre rope slings (all diameters) Fibre slings shall be tested with the actu
Fibre rope sling splices (polyester, HMPE) 1.00 can be used.
 The bending factor shall be calculated w
Sling or cable laid rope 1 grommet is bent round a shackle, trunn
diameter (d) resulting in a reduction of strength.
Bending factor γb 1.547 Minimum diameter over which
the sling body, sling eye, or 2
grommet is bent. (D)

Under no circumstances should the steel wire rope sling or grommet body contact any surface
1.0d to maintain the sling/grommet in a good condition under load. Bending of a sling eye aro
diameter than the sling is permissible but this is not recommended as the applied bending fac
than 2.0 and thus the eye capacity will be less than the capacity of the main body of the sling.

1.50 Steel wire rope slings and grommets.

1.35 New steel wire rope slings and grommets, a reduced material factor may be used s
1.65 requirements
Polyester
Material factor γm 2.00 HMPE and Aramid
2.50 Other fibre materials
For fibre slings subject to a robust certification process, other material factors may be conside
material factor shall not be less than 1.65.

1.00 For steel wire slings and grommets

Wear and 1.00 For frequently used slings without thorough inspection before each lift
γw
application factor 1.00 For fibre slings with a protective jacket
1.20 For fabrication yard slings (If the Slings are in good condition then a lower value can
 Remarks Input Value
d into each part in the ratio as indicated by ratio 32.5:67.5%. Calculated value
rommet is to be checked against 50% of the quoted MBL of the

e the Sling design load is less than the minimum breaking load

for design

hese two values are taken)

3.921645

tely calculated and the dynamic load component is less than the

d by the environmental loading from wind, waves, current etc

from permanent (dead) load (minus buoyancy, if submerged),

oads, such as winch loads, impact loads etc.) and environmental
urrent etc.).

of the lifted structure, or the consequences of sling failure may

r may be applied subject to agreement with MWS company.

ending is to be taken as the greatest of γ s (termination factor)

EN 134112 for requirements)

laid slings which are fabricated to IMCA M179, /81/ and the
e is not considered in the determination of the MBL of the cable
a value of 1.25 for thetermination factor may be used.
gs shall be tested with the actual termination and so a γs = 1.0
ed.
 ng factor shall be calculated where any steel wire rope sling or
is bent round a shackle, trunnion, padear or crane hook,
n a reduction of strength.

mmet body contact any surface where the diameter is less than
oad. Bending of a sling eye around a surface with a smaller
ded as the applied bending factor on the sling eye will be greater
of the main body of the sling.

material factor may be used subject to the certification

aterial factors may be consideredacceptable; however, the

on before each lift

ondition then a lower value can be used.)