DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
TUNGAWAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
LIBERTAD TUNGAWAN ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
THE IMPACT OF POOR WATER QUALITY ON FISH
PRODUCTION TO THE POND OWNERS IN THEIR
HARVEST AT TUNGAWAN ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY
A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department Of Tungawan National High School
In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements in Practical Research II And Research Project
Ms. Yanieka A. Miraflores
Researchers
Amelkan C. Asdanal
Jessabel L. Anting
Joannah Marie R. Sangcatan
Marhaima U. Bamuhid
Nadiya N. Bara
Raniel A. Sabornido
Research Design: Qualitative Research
Table of Contents
Front Page..................................................................................................................................I
Acknowledgement....................................................................................................................II
Dedication................................................................................................................................III
Abstract...................................................................................................................................IV
Chapter 1...................................................................................................................................1
a.The Problem............................................................................................................1
b.Introduction............................................................................................................1
c.Theoretical framework...........................................................................................2
d.Conceptual Framework..........................................................................................3
e.Statement of the Problem......................................................................................4
f.Hypotheses ( sis for singular) ...............................................................................5
g.Scope and Delimitation of the study.....................................................................6
h. Significance of the Study......................................................................................7
i.Definition of Terms..................................................................................................8
Chapter 2...................................................................................................................................9
Review of Related Literature....................................................................................10
Review of Related Studies........................................................................................11
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................12
a.Research Methodology..........................................................................................13
b.Research Design.....................................................................................................14
c.Research Environment...........................................................................................15
d.Research Participants............................................................................................16
e.Instruments ............................................................................................................17
f.Data Gathering Procedures....................................................................................18
g.Ethical Considerations...........................................................................................19
Acknowledgement
We, the researcher of grade 12 aquaculture students would like to acknowledge the efforts of
everyone who makes this research possible.
We would like to thank our research teacher for guiding us throughout our research journey.
To our dear very cooperative respondents who helps us without hesitation thank you so much.
To our family, friends and classmates who help us understand our research for lending in
physical and emotional support thankyou so much.
To ourselves and fellow researchers who made this research possible.
Last but not the least, to our almighty God for the guidance and blessings that you have
always bestowed to us that makes our research paper successful thankyou so much.
Dedication
This study is dedicated to the pond owners and pond workers who are currently in the
process of starting and managing fish production and who are experiencing water quality
problem in their fishpond. Your dedication to learning and growth inspired us to explore the
negative impact of poor water quality on fish production to provide proper ways to avoid and
overcome such problem in the pond. May this research contribute to raising awareness,
promoting successful fish production and maintaining your fish pond water uncontaminated as
you continue to embark on your journey l towards fish pond production.
ABSTRACT
This study focuses on the impact of poor water quality on fish production to the pond owners in
their harvest at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay. Poor water quality can affect the whole fish
production such as fish mortalities, performs of the fish, and fish health. It can also result to
overabundance of phytoplankton in the fish pond and attract parasite and predators in the pond
and etc. Understanding this risk and assessing proper ways to overcome this problem is crucial to
the successful production of the pond owners and pond workers. The purpose of this study is to
determine the impact of poor water quality on fish production, to investigate the specific
negative effect, to provide pond owners proper ways on how to handle water pollution in the
pond and to give awareness and knowledge to the pond owners on how to avoid this kind of
problem in the fishpond. This study was conducted through the use of qualitative survey
questionnaire at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Aquaculture refers to the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, crustaceans and
aquatic plants . Pond owners who depends their living in terms of finances to their harvest in
the pond put in a lot of effort to manage their fishpond successfully. But due to problems existing
during the production, many pond owners experience failure that affects their source of income
to alleviate financial problems.
In Bangladesh, water quality problems is one of the main problems that have been cited for
the fish culture as a reason for the poor productivity of some carp production, the aquatic
environment governs fish life, hence water quality should be suitable for fish culture (Rahman,
1992). In a fish culture system, the water depth and total volume of water available to fish are
critical. Not only is adequate water depth required for optimal growth, but also to give optimal
growth and sufficient oxygen existence. In the north-west part of Bangladesh , fish production
faces an enormous problem. A 1998 survey of 557 pond owners in Pennsylvania found that
about 10% experience water quality problems in their ponds ranging from muddy water to fish
kills. Natural factors such as the source of pond water and the types of rocks and soil in the water
shed will influence some water quality characteristics ( Pennsylvania State University, 2022).
In addition, fish farming is one of the most common livelihood among Filipinos. Filipinos
around Manila Bay contributed an average 41.19% percent of the aquaculture production in the
country. However massive production entails the identification of the pond Which resulted the
water quality deterioration. In essence, water quality is critical for maximum growth and fish
survival to ensure successful propagation in pond aquaculture ( Naman et.al 2012;Bhatnagar and
Devil 2013). Prolonged fish exposure in poor environmental conditions will negatively affects
it's growth and survival ( Shoko er.al 2014).
Moreover, Barangay Masao, Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay is very particular when it
comes to fish farming. They are very careful and determine to handle their pond even if they are
very tired of working.
In keeping with this, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of poor water
quality on fish production to the pond owners in their harvest at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay.
It is believed that pond owners do their best to maintain a successful fish production. The
purpose of taking qualitative on the impact of poor water quality on fish production to the pond
owners in their harvest at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay is to deliberately determine the impact
of poor water quality on fish production to the pond owners in their harvest.
Theoretical Framework
This theory anchored from the theories of reliability theory for microbial water quality and
sustainability assessment by Allen Teklitz, Christopher Nietch, M Sadegh Riasi and Lilit
Yeghiazarian,
Reliability Theory for Microbial Water Quality and Sustainability assessment by Allen
Teklitz et.al states that as human impact on the environment increases, sustainable management
of water resources and security of water quality has emerged as a national top priority, the
leading cause of surface water impairment is fecal microbial contamination ( US EPA, 2008).
Conceptual Framework
The figure below represents the conceptual framework of the study.
Input Process input
Figure 1. The conceptual Framework of the Study
The figure above shows the relationship between the Impact of lack of water resources on
fish production to the pond owners in their harvest.
Survey To the harvest of the
The impact of poor water
quality on fish production pond owners
The conceptual framework of thisQuestionnaire
study has the input in which the content is impact of lack of
water resources on fish production. It also has a process which contains the method of collecting
data by the use of survey questionaires and descriptive statistical analysis. Lastly, it has the
output Which contains the objectives and what will be the outcome of this study.
In line with this, the goal of this study is to determine the Impact of lack of water
resources on fish production to the pond owners in their harvest at Tungawan Zamboanga
Sibugay. The researchers are conducting a quanlitative on the impact of lack of water resources
on Fish Production to the Pond Owners in their harvest at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay with
the attention of systematically identifying the impact of lack of water resources on Fish
Production to the Pond Owners in their harvest.
Hypothesis
The following hypothesis shall be tested using the 0.5 level of significance:
Ha: There is a significance that impacts the poor water quality on Fish Production to the Pond
Owners in their harvest.
Ho: There is no significance that impacts the poor water quality on Fish Production to the Pond
Owners in their harvest.
Statement of the Problem
This study focuses on the impacts of poor water quality on Fish Production to The Pond
Owners in their harvest. It focuses in Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay utilizing the pond owners
as research participants. The study will be conducted during the school year 2023-2024.
Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the impact of poor water quality on Fish Production to the pond owners in their
harvest?
2. What are the ways to avoid poor water quality problems appearing in the pond during fish
production?
3. Is there a negative effect to the fish if the water in the pond are in poor water quality?
Definition of Terms
The following terminology are operationally and contextually defined according to how they
are use in this study for the sake of clarity.
Impact of poor water quality - in this study, it will be considered as the effect of poor water
quality on the cultured fish in the fishpond and it will serve as the main variable of this study to
determine the effect of lack of water quality to the fish production of the pond owners.
Pond Owners - They will serve as the respondents of this study.
This study is significant to the following individuals.
Pond Owners - it is significant to the pond owners because it helps them determine the
problems in the pond regarding poor water quality and how to handle and manage it properly
when they get to experience this kind of problems in their pond.
Pond workers- it is helpful to the pond workers- because it helps them know the proper
management regarding poor water quality and for them to effectively do their works in the
fishpond when they will encounter this kind of problems.
Student - it is helpful to the student specially students major in aquaculture because it will
provide them ideas about the field they are enrolled to.
Teachers- it is significant to the teachers who specialize in TVL Aquaculture to provide
them additional knowledge for them to teach to their students.
Future Researchers - this study is significant to the following future researchers because if ever
they will conduct A study that is related to poor water quality. This research might be a use to
them by making it a basis to their future research topic that is related to this study.
Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on the impacts of poor water quality on Fish Production. The
researcher will conduct the study at Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay and the target respondents
will be 10 purposely selected Pond owners. This is to know if there is a significant impacts of
poor water quality on Fish Production to the pond owners in their harvest at Tungawan
Zamboanga Sibugay.
CHAPTER II
Review Of Related Literature
This chapter presents a review of materials taken from various sources related to the
current study. In addition, this chapter summarizes some published and unpublished research
studies, literature, and concepts that are directly or indirectly related to the present study.
The Effect Of Water Quality On Aquaculture Productivity
The Effect of water quality on aquaculture productivity will matter, that according to
Zephline Tumwesigye ( 2022) though there has been a tremendous increase in aquaculture
production, poor water quality has been reported to adversely affect global aquaculture
production , mainly by affecting fish growth, production, quality and profitability of the fish.
Aquaculture production has been reduced by contaminated waters that impair
development, growth and reproduction or even cause mortality to the cultured fish species.
Yeo eto.al ( 2004) also claimed that pond water quality needs to be well-managed and
balance for the cultured species to survive. In the Code of Good Aquaculture Practices ( GAqP),
it was indicated that the water used in the pond should be farm from all pollution sources,
sufficient and suitable throughout the year ( Philippine National Standard 2014).
A Priority for Successful Aquaculture
A priority for successful aquaculture will matter that according to Lucy Towers ( 2015)
state that water quality is very important in fish farming as poor water quality can affect the
health and growth of the fish. It is important that farmers pay attention to the waters physical and
chemical factors. Water quality can quickly decline in fish ponds as fish use the water to live,
feed, reproduce, grow and excrete waste into.
Influence of water quality on fish productivity
Influence of water quality on fish productivity will matter, that according to Felix et.al
(2008) good fish management begins with an understanding of the physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of the pond. These characteristics determine the quality of fish the
ponds can produce and the problems that they may encountered.
Saed and Sakr (2009) states that all other things being equal, a pond with good water quality
will produce more and healthier aquatic creatures than a pond with poor water quality. Water
quality parameters such as ammonia and nitrite in fish ponds may affect the level of bacterial
contamination of fish organs. This is probably due to the effects of water quality on the fish
immune response.
Moreover, Amoako( 2006), Abdel Tawab and Sweilum( 2004) attributed poor water
quality in the fish pond will increase fish mortalities in the pond with low dissolved oxygen and
high nitrite contents due to the increase level of bacterial and parasitic infestation.
Related Studies
According to the study of Rossana Sallenave titled " Understanding Water Quality
Parameters to Manage Your Pond" in College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental
Sciences on 2019, successful pond management requires an understanding of the role of nutrients
and other water quality parameters, as well as regular monitoring of environmental conditions
within the pond ecosystem. Water quality is often overlooked in the pond management, and poor
water quality can lead to common problems, such as excessive algal blooms, overgrowth of
plants , noxious smell, or dead or dying fish.
The findings of this study implies that respondents should understand the basic water
chemistry and other physical parameters.
The study concludes that the findings, a basic understanding of how this factors interact with
one another will help the respondents maintain good water quality and a healthy pond ecosystem.
Based on the results of this study, the researcher suggests that pond owners and pond
workers should continue to work hard and more focus on their fishpond as to easily detect
problems in the pond specially water pollution.
CHAPTER III
Research Method
This chapter presents the research methodology of the study. It includes the discussion on
the research design and research method covering the research participants, research
instrument/s, statistical treatment, research environment and data gathering procedures.
Research Design
Given that research questions seek solutions that result in descriptive data, this study is
qualitative in nature.
Research Environment
This study conducted in Barangay Masao of Tungawan Zamboanga Sibugay Province
among pond owners and pond workers in the fish pond under barangay Masao, municipality of
Tungawan, province of Zamboanga Sibugay. Tungawan has a land area of 44, 633.3940 há., and
population of 42,033 produced by the MPDC of Tungawan Municipality. Tungawan is a second
class municipality in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay, Philippines. Tungawan is politically
sub divided into twenty-five (25) barangays, barangay Masao is located ahead of Barangay
Libertad, Tungawan, Zamboanga Sibugay.
Research Participants
The pond owners and pond workers of Barangay Masao will be the study's target
demographic. During the year of 2023-2024, pond owners and pond workers are living in
Barangay Masao.
Table 1 The Research Participants
Pond Owners Pond Workers Total
5 5 10
Research Instrument/s
The tools will be used in the data collecting process, which will be based on the paper's
overall method design. A survey questionnaire will be utilized to address the study 's objectives
in order to compliment the data collection process.
Survey questionnaires under impact of poor water quality consists of 10 questions and pond
owners and pond workers were asked to give their opinion applicable for their won expenses
about the problems they have encountered regarding water quality problems.
Data Gathering Procedures
In order to conduct this study, the following procedures will be observed. First, a letter will
be furnished requesting the school principal of Tungawan National high school to approved the
conduct of this study. After securing a letter of approval, it will be given to the respective pond
owners and pond workers who will participate in the study as a way of ensuring that the study
was already approved by the higher ups. Then, the researchers will distribute survey
questionnaires under the impact of poor water quality on fish production to the pond owners in
their harvest. They were given 20-25 minutes to answer the survey questionnaire. Pond Owners
and pond workers were purposely visited in their respective fishpond. After the respondents
answered the survey questions, the researchers will collect and fill out the data for interpretation.
Gathered data will be analysed through different stages. First, idenfy the ideas that are repeated
throughout the data, then organized this ideas into smaller number of broader themes. Finally,
write a theoretical narrative- an interpretation of the data in terms of the themes that they have
identified.
Ethical Considerations
In conducting this study, various ethical factors were taken into account. The most
important ethical principle upheld is respect for the participants, together with their informed
consent and freedom to engage. All participants are completely free to participate or not in the
study based on this ethical issue. Before being allowed to answer the survey questionnaire, they
were had to sign a consent document. This form describes the survey questionnaire's goals and
requirements for participation.
Furthermore, privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity are also used in the research as
important ethical considerations, ensuring that none of the outside research will receive
information about the participants. That being said, the researchers won't share any details about
the participants. Thus, the respondents of the study will be named, for example, Pond Owner 1
( P1), Pond Owner 1 (P2), and Pond Owner 3 ( P3).
