1️⃣.
Irvin Waller’s “Rebalancing Justice” challenges the over-dependence on punishment within
retributive systems.
Critically examine how Waller’s model can be applied in a developing society like Bangladesh to
create a balance between punishment, prevention, and restoration.
Support your argument with a conceptual diagram.
2️⃣.
“Restorative justice does not merely repair harm; it transforms relationships.”
Analyze this statement in the light of Peace-making Criminology, showing how dialogue,
forgiveness, and empathy can serve as instruments of sustainable peace in post-conflict or
crime-affected communities.
3️⃣.
Discuss the social construction of victimhood in the context of sexual violence.
Critically analyze how patriarchal norms, stigma, and secondary victimization influence both
the personal trauma and the institutional treatment of rape victims in South Asian societies.
4️⃣.
Distinguish between Victim Rights and Victim Needs, and evaluate how a rights-based
framework can effectively address the real needs of victims.
Use theoretical explanation and Bangladesh examples to illustrate the gap between law on
paper and law in practice.
5️⃣.
Examine how the Criminal Justice System of Bangladesh responds to women victims of
violence and exploitation.
Assess whether current institutional mechanisms (police, courts, support services) reflect a
victim-centered or system-centered approach.
What reforms are essential to ensure justice and dignity for women?
6️⃣.
Identify and describe the five major psychological types of victims as discussed in
victimological theories.
Explain the concept of crisis and crisis reaction and assess how crisis-intervention strategies can
improve the treatment of victims by police and counsellors.
7️⃣.
Compare Disintegrative Shaming Theory and Reintegrative Shaming Theory proposed by
Braithwaite.
Critically assess how reintegration mechanisms can reduce recidivism and promote social
harmony with reference to the Welsh model of social harm reduction.
8️⃣.
Evaluate the effectiveness of Village Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as
instruments of Restorative Justice in Bangladesh.
What are their strengths and weaknesses in ensuring equity, community participation, and long-
term social reform?
9️⃣.
Compare the UN Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime (1985) and the
EU Directive 2012/29/EU on Victims’ Rights.
Critically discuss how Bangladesh can localize these global standards to develop a
comprehensive national victim policy.
🔟.
“Forgiveness without accountability leads to impunity; reconciliation without truth leads to
denial.”
In light of this statement, examine the process of social reconciliation and explain how
forgiveness contributes to peacebuilding.
Use theoretical references and examples from transitional justice or community-based conflict
resolution.
1️⃣1️⃣.
Assess the status, challenges, and effectiveness of victim assistance programs in Bangladesh.
Critically analyze both NGO and governmental (non-NGO) initiatives in providing legal, medical,
and psychosocial support to victims.
What strategies could improve coordination and accessibility?
1️⃣2️⃣.
“Restorative Justice represents a paradigm shift from punishment to participation.”
Critically analyze this statement with reference to the philosophy, practice, and limitations of
restorative justice in developing societies like Bangladesh.
