FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B.

(HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2013
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
()
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Write short notes on any six of the following.

1. Write short note on limitations of Quantitative Techniques?

2. Prove that P(A ∩ B) = P(A) · P(B | A).

3. Discuss the importance of binomial distributions.

4. Discuss the assumptions in analysis of variance.

5. Explain the procedure of testing hypothesis.

6. Differentiate between linear and non-linear regression.

7. Explain null and alternative hypotheses.

8. Differentiate between uncertain events and impossible event.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. From the following data table calculate Mean and obtain regression equations:

Sales 91 97 108 121 67 124 51 73 111 57

Purchases 71 75 69 97 70 91 39 61 80 47

2. Eight unbiased coins were tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting (i)
exactly 4 heads (ii) no heads at all (iii) 6 or more heads.

3. From the following data estimate the yield of crops when the rainfall is 22 cm and
the rainfall when the yield is 600 kg:

Yields in Kg (Y) Rainfall in Cm (X)

Mean 508.4 26.7
SD 36.8 4.6

Part C

Answer any two questions.

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1. In a normal distribution 17% of the items are below 30 and 17% of the items are
above 60. Find out the Mean and SD.

2. The share price of a company on different days in the month of January 2011 were
given in the below table. Find out whether mean price of the shares in the month
is 65:

Share Price 66 65 69 70 69 71 70 63 64 68

3. Three varieties of crops A, B, C are tested in a randomized block design with four
replications from the following data. Test whether there is any difference between
varieties and also test whether yield of A differs significantly from that of B:

Variety Replications Total

1 2 3 4
A 6 4 8 6 24
B 7 6 6 9 28
C 8 5 10 9 32

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2014
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
()
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Write short notes on any six of the following.

1. Explain the importance of Quantitative Techniques in business.

2. Show that probability of events lies between 0 and 1.

3. Differentiate between mutually exclusive events and exhaustive event.

4. Write short note on characteristics of Poisson distribution.

5. Differentiate between standard deviation and standard error.

6. Write the characteristics of Chi-square test.

7. Explain the concept ”line of best fit”.

8. Differentiate between Two-Tailed and One-Tailed tests.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. A University has to select an examiner from a list of 50 persons: 20 of them are

women and 30 men; 10 of them know Hindi and 40 do not; 15 of them are teachers
and the remaining are not. What is the probability of the University selecting a
Hindi-knowing women teacher?

2. Probability that a batsman scores a century in a cricket match is 1/3. Find the
probability that out of 5 matches, he may score century in: (a) Exactly 2 matches
(b) No matches.

3. The mean life of 100 CFL lamps produced by a company is computed to be 1570
hours with SD of 120 hours. The company claims that the average life of the lamp
produced by the company is 1600 hours. Compute whether the claim is acceptable
if the significance level is 5%?

Part C

Answer any two questions.

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1. Test whether daughter’s eye colour and mother’s eye colour are associated with the
help of given data table below:

Daughter’s Eye Colour

Mother’s Eye Colour Not Light Light
Not Light 230 148
Light 151 471

2. Compute the coefficient of rank correlation from the data mentioned in the below
table:

X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
Y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70

3. The scores of students in a test follow normal distribution with mean = 80 and SD
= 15. A sample of 1000 students has been drawn from the population. Find out: (i)
Approximate number of students scoring between 65 and 95. (ii) The probability
that a randomly chosen student has scores greater than 100.

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, OCTOBER 2015
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
()
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Write short notes on any six of the following.

1. Discuss the relevance of Quantitative Techniques in economics.

2. State the important theorems of probability.

3. Prove that P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B).

4. Discuss the use of normal distribution.

5. Discuss the assumptions in analysis of variance.

6. Differentiate between Large sample and Small sample tests.

7. Explain the Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.

8. What is Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis?

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. The probability that a contractor will get a plumbing contract is 2/3 and the proba-
bility that he will not get an electric contract is 5/9. If the probability of getting at
least one contract is 4/5, what is the probability that he will get both the contracts?

2. It is known from past experience that in certain manufacturing units there are on
average 4 accidents per month. Find out the probability that in a given year there
will be less than 3 accidents. Assume Poisson distribution.

3. The average life of 26 electric bulbs was found to be 1200 hours with SD of 150
hours. Test whether these bulbs could be considered as a random sample from a
normal population with mean 1300 hours.

Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. Calculate Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data table using 44
and 26 respectively as the origin of X and Y:

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 X 43 44 46 40 44 42 45 42 38 40 42 57
Y 29 31 19 18 19 27 27 29 41 30 26 10

2. The following data relate to the yield of four varieties of sugarcane each shown on 5
plots. Find whether there is a significant difference between the mean yield of these
varieties:

Plot A B C D
I 99 103 109 104
II 101 102 103 100
III 103 100 107 103
IV 99 105 97 107
V 98 95 99 106

3. The SD of two samples of sizes 10 and 14 from two normal populations are 3.5 and
3.0 respectively. Analyze whether the standard deviations of the populations are
equal.

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, OCTOBER 2016
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Admissions)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. What is Operations Research? Give the main characteristics of O.R.

2. Define binomial distribution. Point out its chief characteristics.

3. Explain briefly the different schools of thought on probability.

4. Explain the meaning and significance of correlation.

5. What do you understand by the term ”regression”? With the help of examples
illustrate how regression analysis helps in business-decision making.

6. Explain the following: (i) Type II error. (ii) Level of significance. (iii) Null hypoth-
esis.

7. Write short notes on the following: (i) Student’s T-test. (ii) F-test.

8. State the difference between Parametric and Non-parametric test.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data, using 20
as the working mean for price, and 70 as the working mean for demand:

Price 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Demand 84 78 70 75 66 67 62 58 60

2. An urn contains 8 red, 3 white, and 9 blue balls. If three balls are drawn at random,
determine the probability that: (a) all 3 are red; (b) all 3 are white; (c) 2 are red
and 1 is blue; (d) at least one is white; (e) 1 of each colour is drawn.

3. The increase in weights due to two kinds of food are given below. Can it be said
that food B is better than A?

Food A 49 53 51 52 47 50 52 53
Food B 52 55 52 53 50 54 54 53

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 Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. In a cross-breeding experiment with plants of certain species, 240 offspring were

classified into 4 classes with respect to the structures of their leaves as follows:

Class I II III IV Total

Frequency 21 127 40 52 240

According to the theory of heredity, the probabilities of the four classes should
be in the ratio 1:9:3:3. Are these data consistent with theory? (Use 5% value of
Chi-square for 3 d.f. = 7.82).

2. Explain the meaning and uses of analysis of variance. How is an analysis of variance
table set up and how is a test based on it performed? What are the assumptions of
this test?

3. You are given the following information about advertisement and sales:

Advertisement Expenditure (X in Crore rupees) Sales (Y in Crore rupee

Mean 20 120
Standard Deviation 5 25

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2017
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Admissions)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Discuss the role of Quantitative Techniques in business.

2. Explain the classical approaches of probability.

3. Write a short note on binomial distribution.

4. Describe various steps in hypotheses testing.

5. Explain Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation.

6. Enumerate the concept of parametric in statistics.

7. Addition Theorem.

8. Write a short note on probable error.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. If P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.6, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2. Find: (1) P(A ∪ B) (2) P(A′ ) (3)
P(A ∩ B′ ) (4) P(A′ ∪ B′ ).

2. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3, and P(A ∩ B) = 0.2. Find the probability of: (1) at least
one of the events to occur (2) exactly one of the events to occur (3) none of the
events to occur.

3. Find the probability that the number of heads lies in the range 185 and 220 when
a fair coin is tossed 400 times.

Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. A panel of two judges P and Q graded seven dramatic performances by indepen-

dently awarding marks as follows:

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 Performance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Marks by P 46 42 44 40 43 41 45
Marks by Q 40 38 36 35 39 37 41

The eighth performance, which judge Q could not attend, was awarded 37 marks
by judge P. If judge Q had also been present, how many marks would be expected
to have been awarded by him to the eighth performance?

2. A systematic sample of 100 pages was taken from the Concise Oxford Dictionary
and the observed frequency distribution of foreign words per page was found to be
as follows: [Data incomplete in original document].

3. The following table gives the yield of three varieties. Perform an analysis of variance
on this data:

Varieties Yields
1 30 27 42
2 51 47 37 48 42
3 44 35 41 36

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2018
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(Syllabus Year 2011)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Explain the scope of Quantitative Techniques.

2. Explain multiplication theorem.

3. Write a short note on Poisson distribution.

4. Steps in calculating Chi-square test.

5. Enumerate positive and negative correlation.

6. Differentiate between one-tailed and two-tailed test.

7. Explain Probability sampling.

8. Define simple event and random experiment.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. Two unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that: (1) both the dice show
the same number (2) one die shows five (3) first die shows five (4) the total of the
numbers on the dice is eight (5) total of the numbers on the dice is greater than 8
(6) a sum of 10.

2. The weekly wages of 1000 workmen are normally distributed around a mean of Rs.
70 and with a standard deviation of Rs. 5. Estimate the number of workers whose
weekly wages will be: (i) Between Rs. 70 and Rs. 72. (ii) Between Rs. 69 and Rs.
72.

3. There are two urns, one containing 5 white and 4 black balls and the other containing
6 white and 5 black balls. One urn is chosen and one ball is drawn. If it is white,
what is the probability that the urn selected is the first?

Part C

Answer any two questions.

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1. In a partially destroyed record of an analysis of correlation data the following results
only are legible:

• Variance of x = 9

• Regression equations: 8x − 10y + 66 = 0, 40x − 18y = 214

Find: (i) The mean values of x and y. (ii) The coefficient of correlation. (iii) The
standard deviation of y.

2. Below are given the yield (in kg.) per acre for 5 trial plots of 4 varieties of treatment:

Plot No. I II III IV V

A 80 94 78 82 66
B 66 78 64 66 70
C 70 66 78 80 66
D 64 70 66 68 74

Carry out an analysis of variance and state your conclusions.

3. With the following data in 6 cities calculate the coefficient of correlation by Pearson’s
method between the density of population and the death rate:

City Area in sq. miles Population in 1000 No. of deaths

A 150 30 300
B 180 90 1440
C 100 40 560
D 60 42 840
E 120 72 1224
F 80 24 312

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2019
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
()
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Distinguish between Correlation and Regression analysis.

2. What do you mean by a priori probability? Give two examples.

3. List out the assumptions of binomial distribution.

4. Explain the various applications of Student’s t-distribution.

5. State Bernoulli process in association with probability distribution.

6. What are the characteristics of normal distribution?

7. What are the precautions to be taken while using correlation and regression analy-
sis?

8. The chance that a ship safely reaches a port is 1/5. Find the probability that out
of 5 ships expected, at least one would arrive safely.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. Explain the different types of probability distributions.

2. Sample of sales in similar shops in two towns are taken for a new product with the
following results:

Mean sales Variance Size of sample

Town A 57 5.3 5
Town B 61 4.8 7

Is there any evidence of difference in sales in the two towns?

3. Eight coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the chance of obtaining: (a) At least
6 heads; (b) No heads; (c) 6 heads.

Part C

Answer any two questions.

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1. Explain the various steps in testing hypothesis.

2. Following is the number of computers sold by 4 salesmen during three months from
January to March:

Month Salesman 1 Salesman 2 Salesman 3

Salesman 4
January 30 20 25
30
February 25 30 20
25
March 20 25 30
20

Test whether there is a significant difference in the sales performance.

3. A sample of 1000 students has a mean score of 75 with a standard deviation of 10.
Test whether the population mean score is 77 at a 5% significance level.

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2020
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
()
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Difference between regression and correlation.

2. What is Z test?

3. Write a short note on normal distribution.

4. Define conditional probability.

5. Explain the limitation of quantitative techniques.

6. Explain null hypotheses and alternate hypothesis.

7. What is Type I and Type II errors?

8. Differentiate between T test and F test.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. The probability that a contractor will get a plumbing contract is 2/3 and the proba-
bility that he will not get an electric contract is 5/9. If the probability of getting at
least one contract is 4/5, what is the probability that he will get both the contracts?

2. If A, B, and C are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events and P(A) = 12 P(B) =
1
3 P(C), find P(A), P(B), and P(C).

3. In a competitive examination, 5000 students have appeared for a paper in Statistics.

Their average mark was 62 and standard deviation was 12. If there are only 100
vacancies, find the minimum marks that one should score in order to get selected.

Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. From the following data, obtain the two regression equations:

Sales 91 97 108 121 67 124 51 73 111 57

Purchases 71 75 69 97 70 91 39 61 80 47

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2. The following table gives the number of units produced per day by two workers A
and B for a number of days:

A 40 30 38 41 38 35 39 38 32 39 40
34
B 32 39 40 34 40 30 38 41 38 35 39
38

Should these results be accepted as evidence that the two workers are equally stable
(use F-test)?

3. Varieties of crops A, B, C are tested in a randomized block design with four repli-
cations. The yields are given below:

Varieties Yields Total

A 6 4 8 6 24
B 7 6 6 9 28
C 8 5 10 9 32

Test whether there is a difference between varieties. Test also whether yield of A
differs significantly from that of B.

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2021
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Scheme)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Section A Answer any six questions.

1. State Bayes’ Theorem.

2. What is acceptance region?

3. Define Poisson distribution.

4. Write a note on Student’s t-test.

5. Distinguish between Type I Error and Type II Error.

6. State the properties of normal distribution.

7. Distinguish between Statistics and parameter.

8. State the application of χ 2 test.

Section B

Answer any two questions.

1. What is Correlation? Enumerate the different types of correlation.

2. Find the regression equation of x on y from the data given below:

x 5 6 7 3 2
y 4 5 8 2 1

3. One bag contains 5 red and 3 white balls. Another bag contains 4 red and 7 black
balls. If one ball is drawn at random from each bag, what is the probability that
both are of the same colour?

Section C

Answer any two questions.

1. What is a non-parametric test and narrate the advantages of using non-parametric

tests? Also explain different non-parametric tests.

2. The marks obtained by 10 students in a competitive examination are given below.

Calculate the rank correlation:

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 X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2022
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Scheme)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Explain the different types of probability.

2. Explain the properties of normal distribution.

3. What are the assumptions of regression analysis?

4. Explain the precautions to be taken in using regression and correlation analyses.

5. Speaker A tells the truth 3 out of 4 times and speaker B in 4 out of 5 cases. What
is the probability that they will contradict each other in stating the same fact?

6. What are the properties of t-distribution?

7. Explain the limitations of testing statistical significance.

8. What are the assumptions of analysis of variance?

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. What do you mean by standard error? What are its utilities?

2. In tossing a rupee coin 100 times, a boy gets tail 66 times. Ascertain whether the
coin is biased or unbiased.

3. Four coins are tossed at a time, 208 times. Number of heads observed at each throw
is recorded and the results are as follows:

No. of heads in a throw 0 1 2 3 4

Frequency 5 48 112 35 8

Is the coin unbiased or not?

Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. Discuss the various quantitative techniques used in business.

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2. A project yields an average cash flow of Rs. 500 lakhs with a standard deviation of
Rs. 60 lakhs. Calculate the probability if: (i) Cash flow will be more than Rs. 560
lakhs. (ii) Cash flow will be less than Rs. 420 lakhs. (iii) Cash flow will lie between
Rs. 460 lakhs and Rs. 540 lakhs. (iv) Cash flow will be more than Rs. 680 lakhs.

3. Construct the regression equations from the following data:

Age of husband 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Age of wife 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 22

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2023
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Scheme)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Section A Answer any six questions.

1. How does Type I Error differ from Type II Error?

2. Enumerate the properties of normal distribution.

3. Distinguish between partial and multiple correlations.

4. Write a note on Student’s t-test.

5. What is the probability that a non-leap year selected at random will contain 53
Sundays?

6. What is two-tailed test?

7. What is alternative hypothesis?

8. What do you understand by large sample test?

Section B

Answer any two questions.

1. What do you mean by parametric test and narrate the advantages of using para-
metric tests?

2. Two persons A and B attempt independently to solve a puzzle. The probability that
A will solve is 3/5 and the probability that B will solve is 1/3. Find the probability
that: (i) Puzzle will be solved; (ii) Puzzle will not be solved.

3. The variable X follows a normal distribution with mean 45 and SD 10. Find the
probability for an item to fall: (a) beyond 60; (b) between 40 and 56.

Section C

Answer any two questions.

1. Write note on: (i) Statistics and parameter. (ii) Confidence level and significance
level. (iii) Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. (iv) Random sampling and
non-random sampling. (v) Sampling error and non-sampling error.

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2. Find the regression equation of x on y from the data given below:

x 5 6 7 3 2
y 4 5 8 2 1

3. The following data represent the number of units of production per day turned out
by 5 different workers using 4 different types of machines:

Workers A B C D
1 44 38 47 36
2 46 40 52 43
3 34 36 44 32
4 43 38 46 33
5 38 42 49 39

Perform a two-way ANOVA, using 5% level of significance to: (i) Test whether the
mean productivity is the same for the different machine types; (ii) Test whether the
five men differ with respect to mean productivity.

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 FOURTH SEMESTER B.B.A., LL.B. (HONOURS) DEGREE
EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024
B.B.A., LL.B.
CM 12— OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2011 Scheme)
Time: Three Hours Maximum: 75 Marks

*Part A Answer any six questions.

1. Define Quantitative Techniques (QT). Discuss their importance in business decision

making.

2. State and explain the addition theorem of probability with an example.

3. What are the features and properties of the normal distribution?

4. Differentiate between Type I and Type II errors.

5. What is the difference between a two-tail test and a one-tail test?

6. Explain Bayes’ theorem.

7. A committee of three is to be chosen from a group consisting of 5 men and 6 women.

If the selection is made at random, find the probability that: (a) All three are men.
(b) Two are men.

8. Define inverse probability.

Part B

Answer any two questions.

1. Outline the procedure for testing a hypothesis. What are the steps involved?

2. Calculate the coefficient of correlation between the value of X and Y given below:

X 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 72
Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71

3. A factory produces metal rods, and on average, there are 2 defects per 100 rods.
What is the probability that a randomly selected set of 100 rods will contain no
defects?

Part C

Answer any two questions.

1. Discuss Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and how it is calculated.

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2. The following data relate to the yield of four varieties of wheat, each shown on
three plots. Find whether there is a significant difference between the mean yields
of these varieties (5% level of significance, the critical value of F = 8.85):

Plots A B C D
1 200 230 250 300
2 190 270 300 270
3 240 150 145 150

3. The following table gives the classification of 100 workers according to sex and the
nature of work. Test whether nature of work is independent of the sex of the worker
(For ν = 1, the table value of χ 2 at 5% level of significance is 3.84):

Skilled Unskilled
Male 40 20
Female 10 30

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