EPA 608 UNIVERSAL TEST EXAM

(2025) UPDATE VERIFIED QUESTIONS

AND ANSWERS | WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
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As environmental technicians, we must be up to date with which types of laws? - ANSWER-
Federal, State, and Local Laws

For the EPA 608 Universal Certification, how many questions will you receive? - ANSWER-100

If you need to get Type III certification, which of the following will be on your exam? - ANSWER-
50 questions - 25 Core questions and 25 Type III questions

What is the passing grade for all EPA certifications? - ANSWER-70%

Once you pass the EPA exam, will the regulations you learned ever change? - ANSWER-Yes

Do natural events like volcanic eruptions contribute to chlorine in the stratosphere? -

ANSWER-Yes, chlorine can come from natural sources such as volcanoes, but they are not the
primary source

What does ground level ozone do? - ANSWER-Absorbs and reflects harmful UV rays from the
sun.

How does ozone depletion affect humans? - ANSWER-Increased risk of skin cancer, Increased
risk of cataracts

Is there evidence that refrigerants are in the stratosphere? - ANSWER-Yes

Is it possible for a single chlorine atom to survive in the atmosphere for years? - ANSWER-Yes

Ozone has __ atoms of oxygen. - ANSWER-3

Where is the majority of ozone located? - ANSWER-Troposphere

How many molecules of ozone can three molecules of chlorine destroy? - ANSWER-300000

What is the major function of ozone in the stratosphere? - ANSWER-Absorb and reflect UV rays
from the sun
What is the primary source of chlorine in the Stratosphere? - ANSWER-Emissions of refrigerant
chemicals such as CFCs and HCFCs by humans

What molecule destroys the ozone layer? - ANSWER-Chlorine

Which of the following are effects of ozone depletion? - ANSWER-Decreasing crop yields

Which refrigerant chemicals are responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer? - ANSWER-
CFCs and HCFCs

Who does ozone depletion affect? - ANSWER-People all over the world

What does the Clean Air Act state? - ANSWER-It is a violation to purposely vent refrigerants
that deplete ozone.

After a refrigerant is phased out, can technicians still service equipment containing that
refrigerant? - ANSWER-Yes

After being phased out, where can technicians obtain refrigerant to service equipment that
contains that refrigerant? - ANSWER-From recovered refrigerant, From reclaimed refrigerant

Can refrigerant be resold? - ANSWER-Yes, but only if it has been reclaimed to AHRI Standard
700 specifications

Equipment has to be certified to EPA standards in order to recover which of the following
refrigerants? - ANSWER-CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs

If you are selling R-22 refrigerant, who can you sell to? - ANSWER-A technician with Section
608 certification and a business that employs a technician with Section 608 certification.

If you recover R-12 refrigerant, can you use the recovered refrigerant in another device owned
by a different person? - ANSWER-Yes, but only if it has been reclaimed to AHRI Standard 700
specifications

In the United States, when were all CFCs phased out by? - ANSWER-1995

In the United States, when were R-22 and R-142b phased out? - ANSWER-2020

In the United States, when will all HCFCs be phased out? - ANSWER-2030

What records must be kept for an R-22? - ANSWER-Type of refrigerant, Dates, Quantity of
refrigerant

What is the Section 608 of the Clean Air Act? - ANSWER-Federal Law

State and local regulations _______ - ANSWER-Have to be followed in addition to federal CAA
regulations, May be stricter than federal CAA regulations
The Venting Prohibition requires that you recover affected refrigerant before - ANSWER-
Opening equipment, Servicing equipment, Disposing of equipment

Under Section 608 Regulations, who is responsible for ensuring that all refrigerant is removed
before disposing of equipment that contains it? - ANSWER-The final person in the disposal
chain

What appliances do Section 608 regulations apply to? - ANSWER-Freezers

What does SNAP stand for? - ANSWER-Significant New Alternatives Policy

What is the fine for violating the Clean Air Act (as of 2017)? - ANSWER-$44,539 per day per
violation

What is the Montreal Protocol? - ANSWER-An international agreement between 197 countries

What is the purpose of Section 608? - ANSWER-To protect the ozone layer and to regulate use
of chemicals that deplete ozone

What is the purpose of SNAP? - ANSWER-To evaluate alternative refrigerants, to further the
goals of the CAA, to consider effects of substitute refrigerants on humans, and to consider
effects of substitute refrigerants on the environment

What do you do if you discover that you have added Refrigerant B to a system that contained
Refrigerant A? Consider that Refrigerant A is ozone-depleting. - ANSWER-Recover the mixture
in a separate recovery cylinder

What needs to be done before disposing of equipment that contains CFCs, HCFCs, or their
substitutes? - ANSWER-Recover the refrigerant

What other appliances do Section 608 regulations apply to? - ANSWER-Commercial

refrigeration equipment and air conditioning equipment

What penalties can technicians face if they violate the Clean Air Act? - ANSWER-They may lose
their Section 608 certification, they may face federal charges, and they may be fined

What are considered de minimis releases of refrigerant? - ANSWER-HCFCs released when

disconnecting hoses equipped with low loss fittings and release of HFCs due to catastrophic
failure of equipment

What are excluded from Section 608 refrigerant management requirements? - ANSWER-
Carbon dioxide, Water, Nitrogen
What are violations of the CAA Venting Prohibition? - ANSWER-Release of refrigerants because
appliances were not recovered and refrigerants released when disconnecting non low-loss
hoses to service an appliance

What are considered natural refrigerants? - ANSWER-R-290, R-600a, R-744

What do you not need Section 608 certification to purchase? - ANSWER-Nitrogen

What are two types of CFCs? - ANSWER-R-11, R-12

What is one type of HCFC? - ANSWER-R-22

What refrigerants does the Venting Prohibition cover? - ANSWER-CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs

Which organization can test your recovery equipment used to service a system with R-12? -
ANSWER-UL and AHRI

Who does not need to maintain proper records of refrigerants? - ANSWER-The EPA

What are considered de minimis releases? - ANSWER-Catastrophic equipment failure,

accidental release with timely repair of appliances, and releases when connecting or
disconnecting hoses with low loss fittings

Is equipment that uses nitrogen as a refrigerant subject to Section 608 requirements? -

ANSWER-No

What is the next component the refrigerant flows to after passing through the evaporator? -
ANSWER-Compressor

As the temperature of a liquid increases, what phase does it turn into?(Assume constant
pressure) - ANSWER-Vapor

Does the refrigerant change state in the compressor? - ANSWER-No, it does not change state

When pressure is increased on a liquid while keeping the temperature constant, what state can
the substance change into? - ANSWER-Solid

The refrigerant absorbs heat from your indoor air in order to: - ANSWER-Change state from
liquid to vapor, and to make your house cooler

Which component has the opposite function to the condenser? - ANSWER-Evaporator

What is the compressor's job? - ANSWER-To increase the pressure

What is the condenser's job? - ANSWER-To cool the high pressure vapor

What is the function of the metering device? - ANSWER-To decrease pressure

What is the state of the refrigerant when it enters the condenser? - ANSWER-High pressure
vapor

When the refrigerant enters the metering device, what state is it in? - ANSWER-High pressure
liquid

When refrigerant exits the metering device, what state is it in? - ANSWER-Low pressure liquid

When the refrigerant enters the compressor from the evaporator, what state is it in? -
ANSWER-Superheated Vapor

When the refrigerant enters the evaporator, what state is it in? - ANSWER-Liquid

When the refrigerant exits the evaporator, what state is it in? - ANSWER-Vapor

What is the state of the refrigerant when it exits the evaporator? - ANSWER-Low pressure
vapor

What components are associated with the high-pressure side of the refrigeration system? -
ANSWER-Compressor and Condenser

What components change the refrigerant's pressure? - ANSWER-Compressor and Metering

Device

What state has the highest temperature? - ANSWER-Vapor

What does boiling require? - ANSWER-Addition of heat

What happens when a gas or vapor cools down and becomes liquid? - ANSWER-Condensation

If the substance is the same substance, at the same temperature, does the average speed of
molecules in a vapor is the same as the average speed of molecules in a liquid? - ANSWER-No

If we decrease the pressure of a substance what happens to the boiling point? - ANSWER-
Boiling point decreases

Does the refrigerant change state in the condenser? - ANSWER-Yes

What is the boiling point? - ANSWER-The temperature at which a substance changes from a
liquid state to a vapor or gas state.

Is the boiling point of most refrigerants 212 °F? - ANSWER-No

Is the vapor leaving the compressor lower in pressure than vapor entering the compressor? -
ANSWER-No
You are boiling a pot of water with the lid on. As the water heats up and starts to boil, you
notice that drops of water form on the bottom of the pot lid. This is an example of
condensation. - ANSWER-Yes

Does air conditioning work by adding cold air into your house? - ANSWER-No

B2 refrigerants are more dangerous than? - ANSWER-B1, A1, A2

B2 refrigerants are safer than - ANSWER-B3

What does CFC stand for? - ANSWER-Chlorofluorocarbons

What elements do CFCs contain? - ANSWER-Carbon, Fluorine, Chlorine

What does HCFC stand for? - ANSWER-Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

Other than fluorine and chlorine, what do HCFCs contain? - ANSWER-Hydrogen and Carbon

What molecules can be found in HCFCs? - ANSWER-Fluorine and Chlorine

What does HFC stand for? - ANSWER-Hydrofluorocarbons

What molecules can be found in HFCs? - ANSWER-Hydrogen

Other than hydrogen, which of the following molecules do HFCs contain? - ANSWER-Fluorine
and Carbon

What safety classification do HFO refrigerants typically fall under? - ANSWER-A2L

What does HFO stand for? - ANSWER-Hydrofluoroolefins

What do HFOs contain? - ANSWER-Hydrogen, Fluorine, Carbon

Are hydrocarbons generally A3 refrigerants? - ANSWER-Yes

If a refrigerant has an ODP of 0.055, what is true about it? - ANSWER-It contains chlorine and it
could be R-22

Which one of the following refrigerants has the highest global warming potential (GWP)? -
ANSWER-R-12

Which one of the following refrigerants has the lowest global warming potential (GWP)? -
ANSWER-R-1234yf

R-11 is the same as - ANSWER-CFC-11

R-12 has a GWP in what range? - ANSWER-10,000-50,000

R-12 is the same as - ANSWER-CFC-12

R-1234yf is the same as: - ANSWER-HFO-1234yf

R-134a is the same as - ANSWER-HFC-134a

R-410a has a GWP in the range? - ANSWER-1000-10,000

R-410a is the same as - ANSWER-HFC-410a

Is the GWP of R-290 is greater than R-410a, R-134a, and R-22 - ANSWER-No

What is the main safety concern with R-410a? - ANSWER-Asphyxia

What does the new subclass (2L) describe? - ANSWER-Refrigerants that are Class 2 and burn
slowly

What is highest possible ODP for any CFC, HCFC, HFC, or HFO refrigerant? - ANSWER-1

What is the least possible ODP for a refrigerant? - ANSWER-0

What is the ODP of R-441a? - ANSWER-0

What is the ODP of R-600a? - ANSWER-0

What classes refers to a refrigerant that has low flammability? - ANSWER-2

What classes refers to a refrigerant that is not flammable at all? - ANSWER-1

What classes refers to a refrigerant with high toxicity? - ANSWER-B

What classes refers to a refrigerant with low toxicity? - ANSWER-A

Which gas is used as a reference for measuring GWP? - ANSWER-Carbon Dioxide

What are examples of CFCs? - ANSWER-R-12 and R-11

What HCFCs are seen in most refrigeration systems today? - ANSWER-R-22

What are examples of HCFCs? - ANSWER-R-22, R-123, R-124

What refrigerants are HFCs? - ANSWER-R-134a, R-32

Why are HFCs still considered harmful to the environment? - ANSWER-Because they increase
global warming

What is an example of HFOs? - ANSWER-R-1234yf

What is Carbon dioxide's GWP and ODP? - ANSWER-Carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1, Carbon
dioxide has an ODP of 0

What are examples of natural refrigerants? - ANSWER-R-600a, HC-600a

Is R-130 a natural refrigerant? - ANSWER-No

What refrigerants have an ODP of greater than 0? - ANSWER-R-12, R-22

Which safety classification of refrigerants is most dangerous to use? - ANSWER-B3

Which safety classification of refrigerants is most safe to use? - ANSWER-A1

Which type of refrigerants are most harmful to the ozone layer? - ANSWER-CFCs

Which types of refrigerants are least harmful to the ozone layer? - ANSWER-HFCs, HFOs

Which types of refrigerants have the lowest GWPs? - ANSWER-HFOs, HCs

Is Ammonia safe to use because it is a natural refrigerant. - ANSWER-No

Does GWP measure how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over 100 years
compared to carbon monoxide? - ANSWER-No

If a gas has a GWP of 50, does it mean it has 50 times less global warming potential than carbon
dioxide? - ANSWER-No

R-410a is an A1 refrigerant. Is it non-toxic, have low flammability, and one of the safest
refrigerants to use? - ANSWER-Yes

Are GWPs of HFOs and HCs close to those of HCFCs? - ANSWER-No

Is the lowest number for an ozone depletion potential (ODP) 1? - ANSWER-No

What is true about fractionation of refrigerants? - ANSWER-Is when refrigerants settle into
layers, Happens in vapor phase

What is temperature glide? - ANSWER-The difference between the bubble and dew point

What is bubble point? - ANSWER-The temperature at which the first refrigerant in a blend
turns to vapor

What is the definition of dew point? - ANSWER-The temperature at which the first refrigerant
in a blend turns to liquid

What is a ternary blend? - ANSWER-Three refrigerants blended together

What is considered retrofitting? - ANSWER-Modifying components of the system to use a new

refrigerant

What are reasons to not mix your own refrigerants? - ANSWER-It is illegal, It can cause
equipment failure, and the resulting mix has unpredictable temperatures
If a refrigerant has a drop-in replacement, then no retrofit is needed. True or false? - ANSWER-
True

In a zeotropic blend, all refrigerants have the same boiling point. True or false? - ANSWER-
False

R-407c is an azeotropic blend. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Refrigerant blends need to be charged as a liquid. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Refrigerant blends take on the ASHRAE number of the main refrigerant in the blend. True or
false? - ANSWER-False

Technicians can make their own EPA-approved refrigerant blends. True or False? - ANSWER-
False

There are no retrofit refrigerants for R-22. True or False? - ANSWER-False

There are no drop-in replacements for R-22 refrigerant. True or False? - ANSWER-True

Alkylbenzene (AB) oil is used for systems with which of the following refrigerants? - ANSWER-
CFC, HCFC, HCFC blends

What characteristics do hygroscopic oils have? - ANSWER-Absorb moisture readily

If we are retrofitting a system to use R-134a, which oil do we need to use? - ANSWER-
Polyolester (POE)

R-1234yf is not miscible with any refrigerant oils. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Alkylbenzene (AB) oil is miscible in HCFC refrigerants. True or false? - ANSWER-True

An ideal oil is best at handling only high temperatures and high pressures. True or false? -
ANSWER-False

An ideal oil is readily miscible with the refrigerant in the system. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Provided that the oil is non-flammable at both the initial and final temperatures, it is suitable
for use since the system is enclosed. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Hydrolysis is when refrigerant oils break down in the presence of water. True or false? -
ANSWER-True

Polyolester oils are great because they can mix with a lot of other oils. - ANSWER-False

What is 3 common ways that leaks can occur? - ANSWER-Wear and tear on old equipment,
Poor initial construction, and Holes or cracks created accidentally during construction
Where is there least likely to be a common leak location in HVAC systems? - ANSWER-HVAC
Fan

What is not a reason why refrigerant leaks are a concern? - ANSWER-They can easily be fixed
by all homeowners

What information needs to be on the label of a container sent for reclamation? - ANSWER-
Refrigerant type

In what position are cylinders of refrigerant generally required to be shipped? - ANSWER-

Upright

When shipping refrigerant that has been used, what must we do? - ANSWER-Attaching DOT
classification tags, use recovery cylinders, and properly label contents

When shipping refrigerants in hazard class 2.2, what information needs to be on the shipping
paper? - ANSWER-Number of cylinders of each gas

When sending used refrigerants to be reclaimed, you must use disposable refrigerant cylinders.
True or false? - ANSWER-False

Where can you find any safety-related information on refrigerants you're handling? - ANSWER-
Safety Data Sheets

Contaminated refrigerants can cause the appliance to: - ANSWER-Cool less efficiently

If a household freezer contains R-22, we can retrofit it to operate on: - ANSWER-R-410a

If we find refrigerant that is mixed, what should we do? - ANSWER-Send it to a certified

reclaiming facility to be reclaimed

If we use nitrogen to pressurize a system or blow debris out (after fully recovering the
refrigerant in the appliance), we can? - ANSWER-Vent the nitrogen

What is isobutane? - ANSWER-An acceptable substitute for new household refrigerators and
freezers

New household refrigerators and freezers can be factory charged with? - ANSWER-R-600a and
R-290

Window AC units are examples of? - ANSWER-Small appliances

Up to how many pounds of refrigerant can Type I appliances contain? - ANSWER-5

Are Hydrocarbons acceptable substitutes for retrofit applications? - ANSWER-No

Are all of these true about SNAP? SNAP lists acceptable substitutes for phased out refrigerants
for different categories of end-uses. SNAP is implemented by the EPA. Refrigerants can be
classified as unacceptable under SNAP - ANSWER-Yes

What is true about refrigerant recovery? - ANSWER-You can only sell refrigerant that is
reclaimed to virgin specifications. Reclaimers can refuse to accept contaminated refrigerant.
Reclaimers can charge extra for processing contaminated refrigerant

Which of the following refrigerants is not covered by the sales restriction of Section 608? -
ANSWER-R-717

Can R-717, R-744, R-728 be vented? - ANSWER-Yes

Do you expect to see R-22 listed as an acceptable substitute under the SNAP program. True or
false? - ANSWER-False

Do you expect to see R-404a in household refrigerators and freezers? True or false? - ANSWER-
True

Do you expect to see R-407c in new household refrigerators and freezers? True or false? -
ANSWER-False

For R-22, there are no drop-in substitutes. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Hermetically sealed systems are systems that cannot lose refrigerant. True or false? -
ANSWER-False

If a humidifier has 60 ounces of R-32, it is considered a Type I appliance under Section 608. True
or false? - ANSWER-True

If a humidifier has 90 ounces of R-32, it is considered a Type I appliance under Section 608. True
or false? - ANSWER-False

If a water cooler has 14 ounces of R-134a, it is considered a Type I appliance under Section 608.
True or false? - ANSWER-True

If we have two HFC refrigerants, we can use the same recovery cylinder because they are the
same type of refrigerant. True or false? - ANSWER-False

If I don't have Section 608 certification, I can buy 3 lb cans of R-134a. True or false? - ANSWER-
False

Low loss fittings are required for servicing systems containing ODS in order to comply with the
Venting Prohibition. True or false? - ANSWER-True
MVACs are considered Type I appliances under Section 608 but MVAC-like systems are not.
True or false? - ANSWER-False

New household refrigerators and freezers containing R-290 can contain 3 lbs of refrigerant.
True or false? - ANSWER-False

Nitrogen can be used to pressurize or blow debris out of a system containing a half charge of
refrigerant. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Only refrigerant blends without HFCs are acceptable under the SNAP program. True or false -
ANSWER-False

R-450a is an acceptable substitute for use in new household refrigerators and freezers under
SNAP. This means new household refrigerators and freezers can be factory charged with R-
450a. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Section 608 is part of the Clean Air Act. True or false? - ANSWER-True

The SNAP program could label refrigerant A as an acceptable substitute for use in a chiller but
an unacceptable substitute for vending machines. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Trace gases used for leak detection cannot be vented because they contain ODS. True or false?
- ANSWER-False

Type I systems can have 3 pounds of refrigerant. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Type I systems need to be charged before use. True or false? - ANSWER-False

We can retrofit an old appliance to operate on 2 lbs of R-600a. True or false? - ANSWER-False

We only have to recover refrigerants before servicing systems containing CFCs and HCFCs.
True or false? - ANSWER-False

A near azeotropic blend will contain: - ANSWER-Two saturation pressure values that are close

A zeotropic blend will contain: - ANSWER-Two saturation pressure values that have a big
difference

Access fittings: - ANSWER-Need to be leak tested before recovering refrigerant, are used to
gain access to closed systems, and are used with window AC units

Defrost heaters: - ANSWER-Can be used to increase the temperature of refrigerant, Can be

used to increase refrigerant recovery speed

If the compressor is not working and we are performing passive recovery, we need to take
steps to do what? - ANSWER-Release trapped refrigerant from the compressor oil
If the pressure of the system is found to be 0 psig, can we recover refrigerant from the system?
- ANSWER-No

If the pressure reading and expected pressure are far apart, which of the following are possibly
contained in the refrigerant? - ANSWER-Non-condensables, Water vapor, Nitrogen

Solderless piercing valves: - ANSWER-Tend to leak over time and Should not be left on the
appliance after service

Let's say we have a system with an operating compressor and the capillary tube is completely
restricted. How many access valves do we need to recover refrigerant from a system that is
sealed? - ANSWER-1

System dependent recovery: - ANSWER-Is the same as passive recovery, Uses the pressure of
the compressor, and can be used for appliances with under 15 lbs of refrigerant

What is the approximate pressure of a storage container of R-22 that is stored at 75°F? Assume
there are no impurities. - ANSWER-131 psig

We can use a known refrigerant's PT chart to see if there are non-condensables in the
refrigerant. - ANSWER-Only true if we can measure both the pressure and temperature

What is the approximate pressure of a storage container of R-404a that is stored at 60°F?
Assume there are no impurities. - ANSWER-125.8 psig

When performing active recovery and the compressor is working, we must recover to what
levels? - ANSWER-If the compressor is working and we are performing an active recovery, we
must either recover 90% of the charge, or recover up to a 4 inch vacuum.

What should we do to recover refrigerant from a system with a compressor that is not
working? - ANSWER-Tapping the compressor with a rubber mallet so we don't damage it,
Heating it with a heating blanket

Which method of monitoring fill level is the most accurate? - ANSWER-Gross cylinder weight

Which methods are approved by the EPA to monitor fill level of recovery cylinders? - ANSWER-
Mechanical/ Internal Float Devices, Electronic Shut Off Devices, and Gross cylinder weight

What are types of low loss fittings? - ANSWER-Manual low loss fittings, Automatic low loss
fittings

Which of the following values do we check if we suspect that non-condensables are present? -
ANSWER-Refrigerant pressure
You are servicing an appliance that contains R-134a. Which of the following can you use to
recover the refrigerant? - ANSWER-A recovery cylinder used for HFC-134a

We need separate recovery cylinders for each class of refrigerants (e.g. HCFCs). For example,
we cannot use the same cylinders to recover CFC and HCFC refrigerants. But we can use the
same cylinder to recover different HCFC refrigerants. True or false? - ANSWER-False

An active recovery machine is required for all systems. Passive recovery is a thing of the past.
True or false? - ANSWER-False

For both active recovery and passive recovery, we must recover 80% of the appliance charge if
the compressor is not working. True or false? - ANSWER-True

Installing both high and low side access valves will increase recovery time. True or false? -
ANSWER-False

If a refrigerant's pressure readings are not stable, we can use its temperature readings to
compare to its PT chart to check for non-condensables. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Low loss fittings are only needed when recovering from appliances containing ODS and their
substitutes. True or false? - ANSWER-False

Low loss fittings are required for servicing appliances containing CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs
because of the Venting Prohibition. True or false? - ANSWER-True

System dependent recovery captures refrigerant in a pressurized container to keep it fresh.

True or false? - ANSWER-False

We generally want to leak test access fittings after a service to make sure it does not have leaks
for the next service. This is to save us time from leak testing the access fitting the next time
around. True or false? - ANSWER-False

When the compressor is not working and we are performing passive recovery, we need to
access the system from both the high and low side. True or false? - ANSWER-True

If a recovery device cannot achieve a 4-inch vacuum, which one of the following does it have to
be able to do in order to be used with Type I small appliances? - ANSWER-Recover 80% of
refrigerant with a non-working compressor, Recover 90% of refrigerant with a working
compressor

If the oil is contaminated, what do we have to do? - ANSWER-Flush the system

Non-condensables would ____ the pressure on the high side of an active recovery device. -
ANSWER-Increase
Recovery devices are tested and certified by: - ANSWER-Both AHRI and UL

The refrigerant vented off the top of charging cylinders needs to be recovered if it is: -
ANSWER-An ozone depleting substance like HCFC, An HFC, and a non-exempt substitute

Vacuum pumps can be used to: - ANSWER-Remove air and other non-condensables

What are the signs of refrigerant contamination? - ANSWER-Acidic smell and discolored oil

What does the process stub look like in small appliances? - ANSWER-A straight piece of tubing

What piece of equipment should we check regularly for leaks? - ANSWER-Recovery device

When the system pressure is found to be 0 psig, what does this indicate? - ANSWER-There has
been a leak, there is minimal refrigerant left in the appliance, and we cannot recover
refrigerant

What indicates a compressor burnout in a sealed system? - ANSWER-A pungent smell

What is true for small appliances? - ANSWER-The EPA does not require repair of leaking small
appliances

What would remove non-condensables from a system? - ANSWER-Filter driers and flushing the
system

A recovery device has to achieve a 4-inch vacuum in all circumstances. True or false? -
ANSWER-False

All recovery devices need to be tested at a place called AHRI Standard 740. True or false? -
ANSWER-False

At high temperatures, what do CFCs and HCFCs decompose to? - ANSWER-Hydrochloric and
hydrofluoric acids

Burning CFCs and HCFCs can: - ANSWER-Create toxic vapors that are harmful to inhale, Will
produce phosgene gas, Result from cutting or welding pipes containing residual refrigerant

If refrigerant has been released, what is the first thing you should do? - ANSWER-Locate a self-
contained breathing apparatus

If we cannot find a SCBA, what should we do? - ANSWER-Locate an exit, Vacate the area,
Ventilate the area

Safety markings used in appliances with hydrocarbon refrigerants are: - ANSWER-Permanently

made on the equipment during manufacturing
What is the number one cause of refrigerant-related deaths in the HVAC industry? - ANSWER-
Oxygen deprivation

What piece of equipment is needed on nitrogen tanks when using them to service an
appliance? - ANSWER-Pressure regulator

When do we need to use safety eyewear and butyl-lined gloves? - ANSWER-When connecting
and disconnecting hoses

Which of the following are areas that do not need to be marked when it comes to appliances
that contain HCs? - ANSWER-Inside refrigerator door

Which of the following is needed to protect your hands from refrigerant burns? - ANSWER-
Butyl-lined gloves

How would you remove moisture from refrigerants in a system? - ANSWER-Use a filter drier

What are refrigeration and air-conditioning compressor heaters used for? - ANSWER-To reduce
the amount of refrigerant in the oil

What is a sight glass useful for? - ANSWER-Checking for moisture in refrigerant

What is the easiest way to check the type of refrigerant used in a 60 ton packaged rooftop
unit? - ANSWER-Look at the unit nameplate

What will backseating a suction shut-off valve close? - ANSWER-Gauge port

What is the state of the refrigerant when it's leaving the condenser coils into a receiver tank? -
ANSWER-High Pressure Liquid

Which of the following components is located just before the compressor? - ANSWER-
Accumulator

What is a refrigerant not used in Type II systems? - ANSWER-R-245fa

What refrigerant would be used in a low-pressure appliance? - ANSWER-R-123

A company uses a chiller that diverts 55% of its cooling capacity to one of its manufacturing
lines and 45% of its cooling capacity to air condition the office spaces. Which category would
this chiller be in? - ANSWER-Industrial process refrigeration

A customer has an IPR system with 2000 pounds of R-22 refrigerant that has exceeded its leak
rate threshold. How often is the customer required to perform a leak inspection after repair? -
ANSWER-Every 3 months
A supermarket rack contains 400 pounds of R-410A that has exceeded the applicable leak rate
threshold. How often is the customer required to perform a leak inspection? - ANSWER-Once
per calendar year

After the leak repair of a cold storage refrigeration system using 2500 pounds of R-410A and a
successful initial verification test, when must the follow-up leak verification test be conducted?
- ANSWER-Within 10 days

After installation of a field-piped split system, the unit should first be pressurized with___
and___ - ANSWER-Nitrogen, leak checked

For what period should an HVAC servicing company keep records for a disposed appliance with
a charge between 5 and 50 pounds? - ANSWER-3 years

How long does an owner or operator of an appliance with a charge of at least 50 pounds of
ODP refrigerant have before they must retire the appliance if its replacement uses a refrigerant
that is exempt from the Venting Prohibition? - ANSWER-18 months

For how long must the owners and operators of regulated appliances with 50 or more pounds
of CFC refrigerant keep records of leak inspections, initial leak verification and follow-up
verification tests? - ANSWER-3 years

Starting in 2019, what leak rate triggers the EPA requirement that mandates commercial
refrigeration systems containing 50 pounds or more of R-22 to be repaired? - ANSWER-0.2

To determine if a system is leaking more than its maximum rate, the EPA allows the use of
which methods to calculate the full charge? - ANSWER-Calculations based on component and
pipe sizes

What is the best method for pinpointing the exact location of a refrigerant leak? - ANSWER-
Soap Bubble Leak Detection Test

What is the first thing to do when a new system has been assembled (built up), and is ready for
testing? - ANSWER-Pressurize with an inert gas and leak check

When inspecting a hermetic system suspected to be leaking, you should look for: - ANSWER-
Traces of oil

When a trace gas becomes absolutely necessary, which of the available gases should be used
to help locate a leak? - ANSWER-Nitrogen with a trace amount of the system's designated
refrigerant

In which leak repair category does the EPA place the refrigeration appliances used in the retail
food and cold storage warehouse sectors? - ANSWER-Commercial refrigeration
What cannot be used as a reason to extend the appliance repair deadlines? - ANSWER-A
certified service technician is not available

What is an indicator of a leak in a high-pressure system with a capillary tube? - ANSWER-

Excessive superheat

What is NOT required to mothball an appliance using an ozone-depleting refrigerant? -

ANSWER-Remove the appliance and store it in a warehouse at the facility

In which of the following cases will charging a system that contains 50+ pounds of ozone-
depleting refrigerant require you to calculate its leak rate - ANSWER-When topping off the
system

Which part of a belt-driven non-hermetic compressor is most likely to leak if the compressor
has not been used for several months? - ANSWER-Rotating shaft seal

When drawing deep vacuums, a hermetic recovery machine will: - ANSWER-Overheat due to
reduced flow of refrigerant through the compressor

A technique to speed up the recovery process is: - ANSWER-Cool the recovery cylinder

After the refrigerant liquid has been recovered from the appliance, any remaining vapor is: -
ANSWER-Removed by the recovery system

During refrigerant recovery, water from the local municipal water supply is used to cool the: -
ANSWER-Water-cooled recovery unit

Recovering refrigerant from a system in the liquid phase will cause the loss of - ANSWER-Oil

Refrigerant cannot be recovered without isolating a parallel compressor system because of: -
ANSWER-an open equalization connection

Self-sealing connectors and hand valves are used because they: - ANSWER-Minimize
refrigerant release when hoses are connected and disconnected

What should be done before transferring refrigerant to an empty cylinder? - ANSWER-The

cylinder should be evacuated

What steps should be taken before using a recovery unit to remove a charge? - ANSWER-
Checking the service valve positions and recovery oil level, when applicable

When servicing an appliance with a receiver/storage tank: - ANSWER-refrigerant should be

pumped down to and isolated in the receiver

When should refrigerant be removed from the condenser outlet? - ANSWER-When the
condenser is below the receiver
A technician has to make a major repair in an appliance having 1000 pounds of R407C. Which of
the following levels must he evacuate the system to? - ANSWER-10 inches of Hg vacuum

A ____ pressure on the ____ side can confirm the presence of non-condensable gases in the
system. - ANSWER-higher; discharge

How can we charge an 80-pound R407C system with air-cooled components? - ANSWER-
Liquid charge through the liquid-line service valve

Refrigerant has been recovered during the replacement of the evaporator coil in an appliance.
After the repairs, the refrigerant: - ANSWER-can be filled back into the system

The risk of water in the appliance freezing while charging an R-410A appliance will remain until
the system achieves a pressure of approximately - ANSWER-110 psig

Water present in the system can freeze if: - ANSWER-A large vacuum pump is used for
evacuation

What is the approximate refrigerant pressure of an R-410A machine at 80 °Fahrenheit when

the machine is idle? - ANSWER-238 psig

What is the evaporation temperature of R-134a at 0 psig? - ANSWER--15°Fahrenheit

Which gas is used to counteract freezing while evacuating a system with large amounts of
moisture? - ANSWER-Nitrogen

Which units are used to measure a deep vacuum? - ANSWER-Microns

A "major repair" under EPA's regulations would be: - ANSWER-Replacing a condenser coil

An equipment room has an appliance that uses R717. Under ASHRAE Standard 15, which piece
of equipment is not compulsory in the room? - ANSWER-Refrigerant Detector

Oil foaming in a system can be detected in the: - ANSWER-Compressor

Pressure relief valves should never be installed in: - ANSWER-series

The purpose of isopropyl alcohol is: - ANSWER-to clean ice and dirt off the sight glass

We would take an ____ if a unit has a compressor burnout, and it is considered a ____. -
ANSWER-oil sample; major repair

When the ____ is closed, the reciprocating compressor might get damaged if it is energized. -
ANSWER-discharge service valve

Which of the following should be replaced if a system is opened for servicing? - ANSWER-Filter
drier
After the refrigerant leaves the purge unit, where does it go? - ANSWER-Evaporator

Under what code group of Standard 34 does R-123 fall? - ANSWER-B1

What is the ASHRAE safety rating of R-1233zd? - ANSWER-A1

What is the boiling point of R-123? - ANSWER-82 ℉

What is the pressure of R-123 when it boils at 82°Fahrenheit? - ANSWER-14.7 psia

What is the safety-relief pressure of the rupture disc? - ANSWER-15 psig

Which of the following components are only found in Type 3 appliances? - ANSWER-Condenser

Which of the following is not a Type 3 refrigerant? - ANSWER-R-22

Which of the following refrigerants would be used in a low-pressure appliance? - ANSWER-R-

123

What is the purpose of a hydrostatic tube test kit? - ANSWER-To determine if a tube leaks

Where should a leak detector probe be placed to check for gas leaks into the water box with
water removed? - ANSWER-In the drain valve opening

Continuous excessive moisture collection in which component of a low-pressure refrigeration

system could indicate a leak? - ANSWER-Purge Unit

According to ASHRAE Guideline 3, the system should be checked for leaks if, during a standard
vacuum test, the pressure in a system rises from 1 mm Hg to a level above? - ANSWER-2.5 mm
Hg.

When leak testing a low-pressure refrigeration system with nitrogen, exceeding ____ psig
could cause the ____ to fail. - ANSWER-10; Rupture disc

On low-pressure chillers, water is most likely to leak into the refrigerant system through? -
ANSWER-leaks from areas with gaskets or fittings

Which part of a belt-driven non-hermetic compressor is most likely to leak if the compressor
has not been used for several months? - ANSWER-Rotating shaft seal

For what period should an HVAC servicing company keep records for a disposed appliance with
a charge between 5 and 50 pounds? - ANSWER-3 years

How long do owners or operators of a chiller with a full charge of 750 pounds of R123
refrigerant have to retire the appliance if the replacement uses a refrigerant that is exempt
from the venting prohibition? - ANSWER-18 months
How long must owners and operators of low-pressure chillers using R11 refrigerant keep
records of leak inspections, initial verification, and follow-up verification tests? - ANSWER-3
years

How long must owners and operators of regulated appliances normally containing 50 or more
pounds of CFC refrigerant keep records of leak inspections, initial leak verification, and follow-
up verification tests? - ANSWER-3 years

To determine if the system is leaking more than the maximum rate, the EPA allows the use of
which methods to calculate the full charge? - ANSWER-Calculations based on component and
pipe sizes

Which of the following cannot be used as a reason to extend the appliance repair deadlines? -
ANSWER-A certified service technician is not available

In which of the following cases will charging a system that contains 50+ pounds of ozone-
depleting refrigerant require you to calculate its leak rate? - ANSWER-When topping off the
system

Who is responsible for keeping records of all leak inspections and any completed leak repair
verification tests? - ANSWER-The owner and/or operator of the equipment

What is a typical setting for the high-pressure cut-out control on a recovery unit used for
evacuating the refrigerant from a low-pressure chiller? - ANSWER-10 psig.

For low-pressure systems, refrigerant removal starts with __________. - ANSWER-Liquid

removal

What is a typical advantage of a water-cooled recovery unit? - ANSWER-Faster recovery of

large quantities of refrigerant

What precaution should be taken before recovering refrigerant from a chiller suspected of
having tube leaks? - ANSWER-Drain the water sides of the evaporator and condenser

What is a requirement for equipment used for recovery, evacuation, and troubleshooting
purposes, manufactured after November 15, 1993? - ANSWER-They must be fitted with low-
loss fittings

Why must water be circulated through a chiller during refrigerant evacuation? - ANSWER-To
prevent freezing of water in the appliance

What risk is associated with attempting to melt ice formed in the chiller system after charging
with liquid refrigerant? - ANSWER-Risk of rupture and bursting of coils
How do you know when enough vapor has entered the appliance before you charge refrigerant
liquid? - ANSWER-Refrigerant saturation temperature increases above 32°F

Identify the recovery requirements for equipment disposal - ANSWER-25 mm of Hg absolute

Water present in the system can freeze if? - ANSWER-A large vacuum pump is used for
evacuation

What is the lowest access point on a low-pressure centrifugal air-conditioning appliance? -

ANSWER-Evaporator charging valve

Which gas is used to counteract freezing while evacuating a system with large amounts of
moisture? - ANSWER-Nitrogen

Which of the following would be considered a major repair under EPA regulations? - ANSWER-
Replacing a condenser coil

According to ASHRAE Standard 15-2013, which types of refrigerant leaks are room sensors and
alarms required to detect? - ANSWER-All refrigerant safety groups

According to ASHRAE Standard 15-2013, which equipment is mandated to detect refrigerant

leaks? - ANSWER-Room Sensors

Which configuration should pressure relief valves never be installed in? - ANSWER-series

What is the main function of isopropyl alcohol in refrigeration systems? - ANSWER-to remove
ice off the sight glass

If a unit experiences a compressor burnout, we would collect an ____ as part of a ____. -

ANSWER-oil sample; major repair