CSS GSA – IT & Computer Science Notes

Part 1: Past Paper Questions (2016–2024) 1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI refers to the simulation of
human intelligence in machines... (detailed answer included earlier).

2. Nanotechnology & Blockchain Technology: Nanotech manipulates matter at nanoscale...

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger...

3. Cloud Computing: The delivery of computing services such as storage, servers...

4. Hardware vs. Software: Hardware refers to physical parts... Software are instructions...

5. 5G Technology: The fifth generation of mobile networks enabling ultra-fast speed...

6. Social Media Benefits & Risks: Benefits include communication, awareness, marketing... Risks
include fake news, addiction, privacy loss...

7. Input vs Output Devices: Input (keyboard, mouse)... Output (monitor, printer)...

8. Cybersecurity & Cybercrime: Cybersecurity refers to protective measures... Cybercrime includes

hacking, fraud...

9. IT in Pakistan’s Socio-Economic Development: IT enhances e-governance, e-commerce,

education...

10. Data Mining & Big Data: Data mining is discovering patterns... Big Data is analyzing massive
datasets...

Part 2: Earlier Years (2000–2015) 11. Cloud vs Local Storage: Cloud = online remote servers...
Local = physical hard drives...

12. E-commerce Impact: Expands markets, creates jobs, but faces trust and infrastructure issues...

13. VR vs AR: VR is immersive, AR overlays digital info on reality...

14. Computer Virus: Malicious software spread via infected files... Preventable through antivirus,
safe browsing...

15. RAM vs ROM: RAM = temporary memory, volatile... ROM = permanent, non-volatile...

16. ISP & IP Address: ISP = provides internet access... IP = unique device identifier...

17. E-Governance in Pakistan: Online NADRA, FBR systems, e-Khidmat centers...

18. Analogue vs Digital Computers: Analogue = continuous signals... Digital = binary system...

19. LAN, WAN, MAN: LAN = local, WAN = global, MAN = city-level networks...

20. Satellite Communication: Use of satellites for broadcasting, GPS, internet... SUPARCO projects
in Pakistan...

Part 3: Expected Questions for CSS 2026 1. Quantum Computing: Uses qubits, faster than
classical computers...

2. AI Ethics: Concerns fairness, transparency, privacy in AI applications...

3. Digital Pakistan Vision: Initiative for digital governance, education, fintech...

4. Cyber Warfare: State-sponsored hacking, threats to infrastructure...

5. Fintech & Digital Banking: Easypaisa, JazzCash improving financial inclusion...

6. Metaverse & Web 3.0: Metaverse = immersive 3D world... Web 3.0 = decentralized internet...

7. Robotics & Automation: Efficiency boost but risk of job loss...

8. Green IT: Eco-friendly tech practices like energy-efficient data centers...

9. IPv4 vs IPv6: IPv4 = limited 32-bit, IPv6 = expanded 128-bit...

10. Big Data: Useful in governance, healthcare, disaster management...