LIKELY EXPERIMENT
1. FOCAL LENGTH OF CONVEX LEN
2. COMPOUND PENDULUM
3. CANTILEVER
Question 2
a. You are provided with a converging lens and holder; a screen, a ray box containing an
illuminated object pin and a meter rule.
i. Place the lens in its holder such that it is facing a distant object seen through a
well-lit laboratory window. Move the screen to and fro until a sharp image of the
distant object is formed on it. Measure the distance, f o , between the screen and
the lens.
ii. Clamp the meter rule securely to the table.
iii. Place the illuminated object pin at the end R of the meter rule. Place the lens at a
position P such that X = RP = 20 cm.
iv. Move the screen to a position Q to receive a sharp image of the object. Measure
the distance Y = PQ.
v. Evaluate Z = (X + Y).
vi. Repeat the procedure for five other values of x = 25 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 45
cm. In each case, record X, Y and evaluate Z.
vii. Tabulate the results.
viii. Plot a graph with Z on the vertical axis and X on the horizontal axis. Draw a
smooth curve through the points.
ix. Determine from your graph the minimum value of Z = Zo and its corresponding
distance Xo.
x. Evaluate W = ½(Zo/4+Xo/2)
xi. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.
b.
i. Draw a ray diagram to show how a convex lens forms an image of magnification
less than one.
ii. Name two pairs of features in the human eye and a lens camera that performs
similar functions.
c. Observation
d.
e.
f. Part (a) This question was poorly attempted. Many candidates failed record findings with
the appropriate decimal places. Many could not identify the minimum point on the graph
of Z against X.
Part (b) Candidates performance was poor.
g. The expected response:
h. 2(a) OBSERVATIONS [09]
(i) fo correctly recorded to at least 1 d.p. in cm.
(ii) Six values of x or (X) correctly recorded to at least 1 d.p. in cm.
(Deduct ½ mark for each wrong or missing value)
(iii) Six values of Y correctly recorded to at least 1 d.p. in cm and in trend.
(Trend: As x increases, Y decreases)
(Deduct 1 mark for each wrong or missing value)
(iv) Six values of Z = (X + Y)
(Deduct ½ mark for each wrong or missing value)
(v) Composite table showing at least x or (X), Y and Z.
GRAPH [06]
(i) Both Axes correctly distinguished (½ mark each)
(ii) Reasonable Scales (½ mark each)
(iii) Six points correctly plotted
(Award ½ mark each)
(iv) Curve of best fit
DEDUCTIONS [02]
(i) Determination of Z0 [01]
Correctly shown
Correctly read
(ii) Determination of X0 [01]
Correctly shown
Correctly read
EVALUATION OF W [01]
W = ½(Zo/4+Xo/2)
correct substitution
Correct arithmetic
ACCURACY [01]
Based on W = f0 (candidate’s value) 10%
PRECAUTIONS [02]
Award 1 mark each for any 2 correct precautions stated in acceptable tense.
e.g.
Coaxial arrangement of optical instruments/Ray box, lens and screen on a straight
line
Avoided parallax error in reading metre rule
Lens kept upright
Repeated readings shown on table
Surface of lens cleaned
Noted/corrected/Avoided zero error on metre rule
i. b)(i)
j. Position of object beyond 2f
Two correct incident rays
Two correct refracted rays
Image between f and 2f
NOTE: If no arrows on rays, deduct ½ mark
(ii) Features performing the same function
Human eye Lens camera
Retina Film/screen
Eye lens Camera lens
Iris Diaphragm
Pupil Aperture
CANTILEVER
MICROMETER SCREW GUAGE
VERNIER CALIPER
State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results
1. I cleaned the surface of the lens to obtain sharp images
2. I took readings from the centre mark of the lens holder
