1. An utterance is an act of speech or writing at a particular time and in a particular place.

T
2. A sentence is an event; it is a construction of words according to certain grammatical rules. T
3. Homophones are identical in spelling. F
4. Expressions with the same meaning are synonyms. T
5. Words that are opposite in meanings are called homonyms. F
6. Metonymy is a hidden comparison. F
7. The word “house” in “I love the house I bought” expresses a reference. T
8. Dances, dancing and danced have the same grammatical meaning and different lexical meaning.
F
9. Form of one and the same word have the different lexical meaning. F
10. Different words have different lexical meaning. T
11. Different form of the word will have different lexical meanings, but same grammatical
meanings. T
12. Homonymy may be classified into full homonymy, homophones and homographs. F
13. Homographs are identical in pronunciation only. T
14. Stylistic synonyms differ in terms of their denotation. F
15. Metaphor is the transference of meaning from one object to another based on similarity between
two objects. F
16. Metonymy can be defined as substitution of one word for another with which it is
associated. T
17. Euphemisms use a milder expression for something unpleasant. T
18. Words are opposites in meanings are called antonyms. T
19. The reference of a word is of the entity or experience in the non-linguistic world to which it
relates in a particular utterance. T
20. Words have both denotations and connotations. T
21. “I am a married bachelor” is a contradiction. T
22. “Football players are tall” is analytically true. F
23. “I don’t like maths” is a paraphrase of “I am not fond of maths”. T
24. “Leave” and “depart” are synonyms. T
25. “Fox” in “She is wearing a fox” is a metaphor. F
26. The meaning of a sentence is determined by the meaning of its parts. T
27. “her” in “He kicks her” is the goal. T
28. “If she comes” in “If she comes, I will not see her” is the circumstances of manner. F
29. Epistemic is concerned with action. F
30. Illocutionary force is what is referred to as implication. T
Phần 1: True (T) or False (F)

1. Semantics is the study of meaning in language. → T

2. Every linguistic unit always carries meaning. → F (Function words may not carry clear meaning)
3. According to the ideational theory, the meaning of a word is the idea in the speaker’s mind. → T
4. Function words like the, and, if clearly evoke mental images. → F
5. A major objection to the ideational theory is that ideas are subjective while meaning is supposed to be
objective. → T
6. The conceptual theory suggests that meaning is found in the relationship between language and
external objects only. → F (It also includes concepts in the mind)
7. Sentences and utterances are identical and have no distinction in semantics. → F
8. A sentence is an abstract linguistic unit, while an utterance is a concrete speech event. → T
9. The same sentence can be used to produce many different utterances in different contexts. → T
10. Discourse refers only to isolated sentences, not connected speech or text. → F
11. One of the functions of discourse is to connect utterances meaningfully in communication. → T
12. The word “dog” always evokes the same mental image in every speaker’s mind. → F
13. Pragmatics deals with how context influences the interpretation of meaning. → T
14. Semantics and pragmatics are exactly the same field with no difference. → F
15. The study of semantics also involves exploring problems and objections raised against different
theories of meaning. → T

Bài 2: Matching Concepts – Definitions/Explanations

1. Semantics → D (The study of meaning in language)

Giải thích: Semantics là lĩnh vực nghiên cứu về ý nghĩa trong ngôn ngữ.
2. Meaning → J (The notion or sense that linguistic expressions convey)
Giải thích: Meaning đề cập đến "khái niệm hoặc ý nghĩa mà các biểu đạt ngôn ngữ truyền tải".
3. Sentence → E (Abstract linguistic unit, independent of situation)
Giải thích: Sentence là một đơn vị ngôn ngữ trừu tượng, không phụ thuộc vào tình huống, có
thể được thể hiện trong văn nói hoặc văn viết.
4. Utterance → C (A concrete instance of language in a particular time and place)
Giải thích: Utterance là một ví dụ cụ thể của ngôn ngữ trong một thời gian và không gian nhất
định.
5. Discourse → F (Connected stretches of language that link utterances together)
Giải thích: Discourse là những đoạn ngôn ngữ liên kết các câu lại với nhau.
6. Function words → A (Words such as the, and, if that mainly serve grammatical purposes and
do not evoke clear mental images)
Giải thích: Function words (như the, and, if) chủ yếu phục vụ mục đích ngữ pháp và không
gợi ra hình ảnh rõ ràng trong tâm trí người nghe.
7. Content words → B (Words such as dog, table, love that carry clear lexical meaning)
Giải thích: Content words là những từ mang nghĩa rõ ràng, như dog, table, love, giúp truyền
tải ý nghĩa rõ ràng và cụ thể.
8. Context → H (The surrounding situation, background knowledge, and circumstances
influencing interpretation).
Giải thích: Context là tình huống xung quanh, kiến thức nền và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến cách
hiểu ngữ nghĩa.
9. Pragmatics → I (Concerned with how context affects the way meaning is understood in
communication)
Giải thích: Pragmatics là lĩnh vực nghiên cứu cách thức mà bối cảnh ảnh hưởng đến việc hiểu
ý nghĩa trong giao tiếp.
10. Theories of meaning → G (Various approaches that attempt to explain what meaning is and
how it works)
Giải thích: Theories of meaning đề cập đến các lý thuyết và phương pháp khác nhau nhằm giải
thích ý nghĩa là gì và cách thức nó hoạt động.

 Synonyms: từ đồng nghĩa (cùng hoặc gần nghĩa).

 Antonyms: từ trái nghĩa.
 Full homonyms: từ đồng âm hoàn toàn (giống chính tả và phát âm, nhưng nghĩa khác hẳn).
 Homophones: từ đồng âm khác chữ (phát âm giống, chính tả khác).
 Homographs: từ đồng tự khác nghĩa (chính tả giống, phát âm có thể khác).
III- Gap- Filling
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