GRADE 12 General Physics
MODULE 2 – SECOND QUARTER
A. TITLE: Temperature and Heat: Measuring and Converting the Degree of Hotness
Learning Objective (LO):
Analyze temperature conversions across Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales,
constructing practical applications to illustrate the importance of temperature scales in
scientific and engineering contexts.
B. PRE-ACTIVITY / PRE-TEST
Directions: Choose the correct answer from the options provided. Write the letter of your
answer.
1. Which of the following best describes temperature?
A. The total energy of moving particles
B. The amount of matter in an object
C. The average kinetic energy of particles
D. The energy transferred between bodies
2. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Calorimeter
D. Hygrometer
3. Which pair of temperature scales has the same size degree?
A. Fahrenheit and Celsius
B. Celsius and Kelvin
C. Kelvin and Fahrenheit
D. None
4. Convert 25°C to Kelvin.
A. 248.15 K
B. 298.15 K
C. 250.15 K
D. 273.15 K
5. Convert 212°F to Celsius.
A. 100°C
B. 32°C
C. 0°C
D. 150°C
Reflection Question:
Why do we need different temperature scales in science, engineering, and daily life?
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C. CONTENT
1. What Is Temperature?
Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It tells
how hot or cold an object is.
While heat refers to energy transfer due to temperature difference, temperature tells how
energetic the particles are.
2. Thermometers and Measurement
Thermometers measure temperature using substances that change with heat (like mercury,
alcohol, or metal sensors).
Types of Thermometers:
Liquid-in-glass thermometers: use mercury or alcohol that expands when heated.
Digital thermometers: use electronic sensors that convert temperature into digital
signals.
Infrared thermometers: detect emitted infrared radiation, useful for remote or
medical use.
3. Temperature Scales
Scale Freezing Point of Boiling Point of Interva Use
Water Water l
Celsius (°C) 0°C 100°C 100° Metric standard, used
worldwide
Fahrenheit 32°F 212°F 180° Common in the U.S.
(°F)
Kelvin (K) 273.15 K 373.15 K 100° Used in science and
engineering
4. Conversion Formulas
5. Summary Table
Concept Description Example / Application
Temperature Average kinetic energy of Determines thermal state
particles
Thermometer Device for measuring temperature Mercury, alcohol, digital
Celsius Metric temperature scale Used in weather reports
Fahrenheit U.S. customary scale Used in AC or ovens
Kelvin Absolute temperature scale Used in physics and engineering
D. EXTENSION (REAL-LIFE APPLICATIONS)
Engineering: Kelvin is used in designing engines, reactors, and spacecraft for
precise temperature calculations.
Medicine: Fahrenheit is often used for human body temperature, while Celsius is
standard in hospitals worldwide.
Climate Science: Scientists record global temperatures in Celsius and convert them
to Kelvin for research consistency.
Everyday Life in UAE: Air conditioning systems and weather reports often require
switching between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Think about it:
What problems could arise if temperature units were mixed up in engineering or medical
applications?
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E. ACTIVITY PROPER
Title: “Reading the Heat: Temperature Conversion in Action”
Objective:
Demonstrate understanding of temperature measurement and perform accurate temperature
conversions across scales.
Materials:
Thermometer (digital or alcohol), 3 cups of water (hot, cold, room temperature), calculator,
worksheet.
Procedure:
1. Measure and record the temperature of each water sample in °C.
2. Convert each reading to °F and K using the given formulas.
3. Record your data in the table below.
Sample °C °F K
Cold Water
Room Temp
Hot Water
4. Answer the following:
a. Which sample has the highest energy per particle?
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b. Why is Kelvin used in scientific work instead of Celsius?
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Rubric for Activity: “Reading the Heat” (20 points total)
Criteria Excellent (5 pts) Satisfactory (3–4 Needs
pts) Improvement (1–2
pts)
Accuracy of All conversions correct 1–2 minor errors 3 or more incorrect
Conversion conversions
Understanding Clearly explains Minor Lacks understanding
differences and misconceptions
applications
Organization Well-organized table and Some Incomplete or messy
answers disorganization
Timeliness Submitted on time 1 day late 2+ days late
Total: 20 points
F. QUIZ / ASSESSMENT: Temperature and Heat (20 points total)
Name: ____________________________________ Grade & Section: ________________
Part I – Multiple Choice (1 pt each)
1. Temperature is a measure of:
A. Energy transfer
B. Total kinetic energy
C. Average kinetic energy
D. Heat flow
2. Which scale starts at absolute zero?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Kelvin
D. Rankine
3. Convert 77°F to Celsius.
A. 15°C
B. 20°C
C. 25°C
D. 30°C
4. Convert 0°C to Fahrenheit.
A. 32°F
B. 0°F
C. -32°F
D. 273°F
5. Which instrument uses a thermistor to detect temperature?
A. Digital thermometer
B. Mercury thermometer
C. Alcohol thermometer
D. Barometer
Part II – Identification (1 pt each)
6. Device used to measure temperature.
7. SI unit of temperature.
8. Temperature at which water freezes in Fahrenheit.
9. Temperature scale used by scientists.
10. Temperature conversion formula for °C to °F.
Part III – True or False (1 pt each)
11. Heat and temperature are the same physical quantity. _____
12. Kelvin scale has no negative values. _____
13. Digital thermometers use expansion of liquids to measure heat. _____
14. The Celsius scale is based on water’s freezing and boiling points. _____
15. Fahrenheit scale is used mainly in the United States. _____
Part IV – Short Answer (2.5 pts each)
16. Explain why Kelvin is used in scientific experiments instead of Celsius.
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17. Describe one real-life situation in UAE where converting temperature scales is
essential.
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Rubric:
Accuracy (2.5 pts) – Uses correct scientific explanation
Clarity (2.5 pts) – Clear and complete reasoning
G. SUMMARY
Temperature measures particle motion; heat is energy transfer.
Thermometers detect temperature changes through expansion or sensors.
Conversions among Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin are vital in global science and
engineering.
Kelvin is the absolute scale used in physics and thermodynamics.
H. REFERENCES
1. Giancoli, D. (2014). Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th Ed. Pearson.
2. Halliday, Resnick, & Walker (2021). Fundamentals of Physics, 12th Ed. Wiley.
3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2023). Temperature
Conversions and Units.
4. NASA (1999). Mars Climate Orbiter Report: Unit Conversion Failure.
