SQL commands examples
create insert update delete view
etc and all other commands of sql give code examples
Sure! Here’s a complete SQL cheat sheet that covers all major SQL commands — CREATE, INSERT,
UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT (VIEW), and others — with clear examples for each.
🧱 1. CREATE — Create Database, Table, View, Index
Create a Database
sql
CREATE DATABASE company_db;
Use a Database
sql
USE company_db;
Create a Table
sql
CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
first_name VARCHAR(50),
last_name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
salary DECIMAL(10, 2),
hire_date DATE
);
Create a View
sql
CREATE VIEW high_salary_employees AS
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary > 50000;
Create an Index
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sql
CREATE INDEX idx_lastname ON employees(last_name);
➕ 2. INSERT — Add Data
sql
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, email, salary, hire_date)
VALUES ('John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', 60000, '2022-05-10');
Insert Multiple Rows
sql
INSERT INTO employees (first_name, last_name, email, salary, hire_date)
VALUES
('Jane', 'Smith', 'jane.smith@example.com', 55000, '2021-03-15'),
('Alice', 'Brown', 'alice.brown@example.com', 70000, '2020-09-01');
✏️ 3. UPDATE — Modify Data
sql
UPDATE employees
SET salary = 65000
WHERE emp_id = 1;
Update Multiple Columns
sql
UPDATE employees
SET salary = 72000, email = 'alice.b@example.com'
WHERE last_name = 'Brown';
❌ 4. DELETE — Remove Data
sql
DELETE FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 2;
Delete All Rows (but keep table)
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sql
DELETE FROM employees;
Drop the Table Entirely
sql
DROP TABLE employees;
👀 5. SELECT (View Data)
sql
SELECT * FROM employees;
Select Specific Columns
sql
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary FROM employees;
Filter Rows
sql
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE salary > 60000;
Sort Results
sql
SELECT * FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC;
Limit Rows
sql
SELECT * FROM employees
LIMIT 5;
Use Aliases
sql
SELECT first_name AS 'First', last_name AS 'Last'
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FROM employees;
🧮 6. AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
sql
SELECT COUNT(*) AS total_employees FROM employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) AS average_salary FROM employees;
SELECT MAX(salary) AS highest_salary FROM employees;
SELECT MIN(salary) AS lowest_salary FROM employees;
SUM(salary) AS total_salary FROM employees;
🔗 7. JOINS — Combine Data from Multiple Tables
Assume we have another table departments:
sql
CREATE TABLE departments (
dept_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
dept_name VARCHAR(100)
);
Inner Join
sql
SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, d.dept_name
FROM employees e
INNER JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
Left Join
sql
SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, d.dept_name
FROM employees e
LEFT JOIN departments d ON e.dept_id = d.dept_id;
🧰 8. ALTER — Modify Table Structure
Add a Column
sql
ALTER TABLE employees ADD COLUMN phone VARCHAR(20);
Modify a Column
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sql
ALTER TABLE employees MODIFY COLUMN salary DECIMAL(12, 2);
Drop a Column
sql
ALTER TABLE employees DROP COLUMN phone;
🗑️ 9. DROP — Remove Database or Object
sql
DROP TABLE employees;
DROP VIEW high_salary_employees;
DROP DATABASE company_db;
🔐 10. GRANT / REVOKE — Permissions
sql
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON employees TO 'user1'@'localhost';
REVOKE INSERT ON employees FROM 'user1'@'localhost';
🧩 11. TRANSACTIONS — COMMIT / ROLLBACK
sql
START TRANSACTION;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 5000 WHERE emp_id = 3;
-- If everything looks good
COMMIT;
-- Or undo changes
ROLLBACK;
🕵️ 12. SUBQUERIES
sql
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);
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🧠 13. GROUP BY / HAVING
sql
SELECT dept_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY dept_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 60000;
🧮 14. CASE STATEMENT
sql
SELECT first_name, last_name,
CASE
WHEN salary >= 70000 THEN 'High'
WHEN salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 69999 THEN 'Medium'
ELSE 'Low'
END AS salary_level
FROM employees;
Would you like me to include stored procedures, triggers, and functions next (advanced SQL
commands)?
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