Procedural Fairness and Rights in Public Offenses (Pakistan) – MCQs
1. Protection from Arbitrary Arrest and Detention
Reference: Constitution Art. 10(1); CrPC Sections 54–61
Q1. Which of the following is true about arbitrary arrest?
A) Police can arrest anyone at any time without reason
B) Arrest must follow lawful procedure laid down in CrPC
C) Accused cannot challenge unlawful arrest
D) Court cannot review police arrest
Answer: B
Q2. The main purpose of procedural safeguards in arrest is to:
A) Punish the accused immediately
B) Prevent misuse of police power
C) Delay justice
D) Avoid trials
Answer: B
2. Right to be Informed of Grounds of Arrest and Charges
Reference: Constitution Art. 10(1); CrPC Section 50
Q3. When must an accused be informed of the reason for their arrest?
A) After the trial
B) At the time of arrest
C) After the prosecution closes its case
D) At the bail hearing
Answer: B
Q4. Not informing an accused of the grounds of arrest violates:
A) Right to fair trial
B) Transparency and due process
C) Right to appeal
D) Right to humane treatment
Answer: B
3. Right to Legal Representation and Counsel
Reference: Constitution Art. 10(1), 10A; CrPC Section 340
Q5. From when can an accused engage a lawyer of their choice?
A) Only at trial
B) From the moment of arrest until the conclusion of trial
C) Only during appeal
D) Only after conviction
Answer: B
Q6. Denying legal representation violates:
A) Right to cross-examine witnesses
B) Right to legal representation and fair trial
C) Right to speed trial
D) Right to compensation
Answer: B
4. Right to Presumption of Innocence
Reference: Constitution Art. 10A; QSO 1984
Q7. Presumption of innocence means:
A) Accused is guilty until proven innocent
B) Accused is innocent until proven guilty
C) Accused must prove their innocence
D) Police determine guilt
Answer: B
Q8. Who bears the burden of proof in a criminal trial?
A) Accused
B) Prosecution
C) Court
D) Witnesses
Answer: B
5. Right Against Self-Incrimination
Reference: Constitution Art. 13(b); QSO Section 161
Q9. Which right prevents the accused from being forced to confess?
A) Right to bail
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to appeal
Answer: B
Q10. Forced confessions violate:
A) Right to legal representation
B) Right against self-incrimination and protection from torture
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to compensation
Answer: B
6. Right Against Double Jeopardy
Reference: Constitution Art. 13(a); PPC Section 403
Q11. Double jeopardy ensures:
A) Person cannot be tried or punished twice for the same offense
B) Person cannot appeal
C) Police can re-arrest the accused freely
D) Court can retry the accused after acquittal
Answer: A
Q12. Which PPC section protects against double jeopardy?
A) Section 403
B) Section 191
C) Section 340
D) Section 364
Answer: A
7. Right to Fair Trial and Due Process
Reference: Constitution Art. 10A
Q13. A fair trial requires:
A) Secret hearings
B) Impartial court and equality between prosecution and defense
C) Accused cannot present defense
D) Unlimited delays
Answer: B
Q14. Denying a fair trial violates:
A) Right to bail
B) Right to legal representation
C) Right to fair trial and due process
D) Right to compensation
Answer: C
8. Right to Public Hearing by Competent Court
Reference: Constitution Art. 10A; CrPC Sections 177–189
Q15. Trials must be public unless:
A) Court wishes
B) Security or juvenile cases justify secrecy
C) Accused requests secrecy
D) Police recommends secrecy
Answer: B
Q16. Not holding public trials when required violates:
A) Right to appeal
B) Right to public hearing
C) Right to bail
D) Right to cross-examine witnesses
Answer: B
9. Right to Speedy Trial
Reference: Constitution Art. 37(d)
Q17. Justice delayed is justice denied refers to:
A) Right to public hearing
B) Right to speedy trial
C) Right to appeal
D) Right to compensation
Answer: B
Q18. Delaying trial unnecessarily violates:
A) Right to humane treatment
B) Right to speedy trial
C) Right to legal representation
D) Right to bail
Answer: B
10. Right to Bail and Reasonable Conditions
Reference: CrPC Sections 496–502
Q19. Bail ensures:
A) Immediate punishment
B) Prevention of indefinite detention before trial
C) Guarantee of acquittal
D) Secret trial
Answer: B
Q20. Denying bail to a bailable offender violates:
A) Right to bail and reasonable conditions
B) Right to speedy trial
C) Right to appeal
D) Right to legal representation
Answer: A
11. Right to Equality Before Law – Non-Discrimination
Reference: Constitution Art. 25 (implied)
Q21. Equality before law means:
A) Only citizens of a certain religion get protection
B) Law applies equally to all regardless of gender, religion, caste, or status
C) Courts can discriminate based on social status
D) Police decide case outcomes
Answer: B
Q22. Denying fair trial based on gender violates:
A) Right to legal representation
B) Right to equality before law
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to bail
Answer: B
12. Right to Interpreter / Language Assistance
Reference: CrPC Section 364; ICCPR Art. 14(3)(f)
Q23. If the accused cannot understand the court language, they have the right to:
A) Remain silent
B) Free language assistance
C) Immediate bail
D) Appeal only
Answer: B
Q24. Denying an interpreter violates:
A) Right to fair trial
B) Right to legal representation
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to humane treatment
Answer: A
13. Right to Silence
Reference: Constitution Art. 13(b); Case law
Q25. Silence of an accused:
A) Can be used as proof of guilt
B) Cannot be treated as guilt
C) Must lead to immediate conviction
D) Prevents legal representation
Answer: B
Q26. Forced questioning of an accused against their will violates:
A) Right to silence
B) Right to appeal
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to public hearing
Answer: A
14. Right to Protection of Dignity
Reference: Constitution Art. 14
Q27. During detention, degrading treatment violates:
A) Right to protection of dignity
B) Right to legal representation
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to appeal
Answer: A
Q28. Torture during interrogation breaches:
A) Right to protection of dignity
B) Right to bail
C) Right to public hearing
D) Right to appeal
Answer: A
15. Right to Be Tried by Competent Jurisdiction
Reference: CrPC Sections 177–189
Q29. Trying an accused in a court without jurisdiction violates:
A) Right to be tried by competent jurisdiction
B) Right to speedy trial
C) Right to humane treatment
D) Right to appeal
Answer: A
Q30. Purpose of proper jurisdiction is to:
A) Prevent forum shopping
B) Ensure faster police investigation
C) Reduce bail
D) Deny legal representation
Answer: A
16. Right to Present Evidence and Cross-Examine Witnesses
Reference: QSO Sections 132–154
Q31. Which right allows the accused to challenge credibility of witnesses?
A) Right to cross-examine witnesses
B) Right to appeal
C) Right to speedy trial
D) Right to language assistance
Answer: A
Q32. Denying defense the ability to present evidence violates:
A) Right to present evidence and fair trial
B) Right to bail
C) Right to humane treatment
D) Right to compensation
Answer: A
17. Right to Disclosure of Prosecution Evidence
Reference: CrPC Sections 161–164
Q33. Accused has the right to:
A) See prosecution evidence to prepare defense
B) Remain silent only
C) Immediate bail
D) Appeal without trial
Answer: A
Q34. Withholding statements by police violates:
A) Right to disclosure of prosecution evidence
B) Right to humane treatment
C) Right to language assistance
D) Right to speedy trial
Answer: A
18. Right to Appeal and Judicial Review
Reference: Constitution Art. 199; CrPC Sections 404–439
Q35. Every accused has the right to:
A) Appeal against conviction
B) Be tried in secret
C) Deny witnesses
D) Refuse bail
Answer: A
Q36. Judicial review allows:
A) Higher courts to examine legality of lower court decisions
B) Police to detain longer
C) Courts to skip procedure
D) Denial of legal representation
Answer: A
19. Special Rights for Juveniles
Reference: Juvenile Justice System Act 2018
Q37. Juveniles should be:
A) Tried separately with rehabilitative measures
B) Treated same as adults in all cases
C) Denied legal aid
D) Imprisoned indefinitely
Answer: A
Q38. Emphasis for juveniles is on:
A) Punishment
B) Rehabilitation
C) Denial of fair trial
D) Secret trial
Answer: B
20. Right to Compensation for Wrongful Conviction
Reference: ICCPR Art. 14(6); Constitution Art. 4 & 10A
Q39. A person acquitted after wrongful conviction can:
A) Seek compensation from the state
B) Appeal against acquittal
C) Deny legal representation
D) Remain in custody
Answer: A
Q40. Compensation rights ensure:
A) Remedy for injustice caused by wrongful conviction
B) Automatic retrial
C) Secret proceedings
D) Bail denial
Answer: A
21. Right to Humane Treatment in Custody
Reference: Constitution Art. 14; UNCAT
Q41. Prisoners must be treated:
A) With dignity and humanity
B) Harshly to deter crime
C) Without legal rights
D) Secretly
Answer: A
Q42. Torture or abuse in prison violates:
A) Right to humane treatment
B) Right to appeal
C) Right to public hearing
D) Right to legal representation
Answer: A
22. Right to Effective Remedy
Reference: Constitution Art. 199; Art. 184(3)
Q43. Fundamental right violations can be addressed through:
A) High Court or Supreme Court
B) Police only
C) Arbitrator only
D) Local administration
Answer: A
Q44. Effective remedy allows:
A) Restoration of violated rights
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Avoiding legal representation
D) Denial of bail
Answer: A
