Exercise 9.
2
1. Two circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm intersect at two points and the distance
between their centres is 4 cm. Find the length of the common chord.
Solution:
The perpendicular bisector of the common chord passes through the centres of both
circles.
As the circles intersect at two points, we can construct the above figure.
Consider AB as the common chord and O and O’ as the centers of the circles
O’A = 5 cm
OA = 3 cm
OO’ = 4 cm [Distance between centres is 4 cm]
As the radius of bigger circle is more than the distance between two centers, we
know that the center of the smaller circle lies inside the bigger circle
The perpendicular bisector of AB is OO’
OA = OB = 3 cm
As O is the midpoint of AB
AB = 3 cm + 3 cm = 6 cm
Length of the common chord is 6 cm
It is clear that the common chord is the diameter of the smaller circle
2. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
segments of one chord are equal to corresponding segments of the other
chord.
Solution:
Let AB and CD be two equal cords (i.e., AB = CD). In the above question, it is given
that AB and CD intersect at a point, say, E.
It is now to be proven that the line segments AE = DE and CE = BE
Construction Steps:
Step 1: From the center of the circle, draw a perpendicular to AB i.e., OM ⊥ AB
Step 2: Similarly, draw ON ⊥ CD.
Step 3: Join OE.
Now, the diagram is as follows-
Proof:
From the diagram, it is seen that OM bisects AB and so, OM ⊥ AB
Similarly, ON bisects CD and so, ON ⊥ CD
It is known that AB = CD. So,
AM = ND — (i)
and MB = CN — (ii)
Now, triangles ΔOME and ΔONE are similar by RHS congruency since
∠OME = ∠ONE (They are perpendiculars)
OE = OE (It is the common side)
OM = ON (AB and CD are equal and so, they are equidistant from the centre)
∴ ΔOME ≅ ΔONE
ME = EN (by CPCT) — (iii)
Now, from equations (i) and (ii) we get,
AM+ME = ND+EN
So, AE = ED
Now from equations (ii) and (iii) we get,
MB-ME = CN-EN
So, EB = CE (Hence proved).
3. If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the line
joining the point of intersection to the centre makes equal angles with the
chords.
Solution:
From the question we know the following:
(i) AB and CD are 2 chords which are intersecting at point E.
(ii) PQ is the diameter of the circle.
(iii) AB = CD.
Now, we will have to prove that ∠BEQ = ∠CEQ
For this, the following construction has to be done:
Construction:
Draw two perpendiculars are drawn as OM ⊥ AB and ON ⊥ D. Now, join OE. The
constructed diagram will look as follows:
Now, consider the triangles ΔOEM and ΔOEN.
Here,
(i) OM = ON [Since the equal chords are always equidistant from the centre]
(ii) OE = OE [It is the common side]
(iii) ∠OME = ∠ONE [These are the perpendiculars]
So, by RHS congruency criterion, ΔOEM ≅ ΔOEN.
Hence, by CPCT rule, ∠MEO = ∠NEO
∴ ∠BEQ = ∠CEQ (Hence proved).
4. If a line intersects two concentric circles (circles with the same centre) with
centre O at A, B, C and D, prove that AB = CD (see Fig. 10.25).
Solution:
The given image is as follows:
First, draw a line segment from O to AD such that OM ⊥ AD.
So, now OM is bisecting AD since OM ⊥ AD.
Therefore, AM = MD — (i)
Also, since OM ⊥ BC, OM bisects BC.
Therefore, BM = MC — (ii)
From equation (i) and equation (ii),
AM-BM = MD-MC
∴ AB = CD
5. Three girls Reshma, Salma and Mandip are playing a game by standing on a
circle of radius 5m drawn in a park. Reshma throws a ball to Salma, Salma to
Mandip, Mandip to Reshma. If the distance between Reshma and Salma and
between Salma and Mandip is 6m each, what is the distance between Reshma
and Mandip?
Solution:
Let the positions of Reshma, Salma and Mandip be represented as A, B and C,
respectively.
From the question, we know that AB = BC = 6cm.
So, the radius of the circle i.e. OA = 5cm
Now, draw a perpendicular BM ⊥ AC.
Since AB = BC, ABC can be considered as an isosceles triangle. M is mid-point of
AC. BM is the perpendicular bisector of AC, and thus it passes through the centre of
the circle.
Now,
let AM = y and
OM = x
So, BM will be = (5-x).
By applying Pythagorean theorem in ΔOAM we get,
OA2 = OM2 +AM2
⇒ 52 = x2 +y2 — (i)
Again, by applying Pythagorean theorem in ΔAMB,
AB2 = BM2 +AM2
⇒ 62 = (5-x)2+y2 — (ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
36-25 = (5-x)2 +y2 -x2-y2
Now, solving this equation we get the value of x as
x = 7/5
Substituting the value of x in equation (i), we get
y2 +(49/25) = 25
⇒ y2 = 25 – (49/25)
Solving it we get the value of y as
y = 24/5
Thus,
AC = 2×AM
= 2×y
= 2×(24/5) m
AC = 9.6 m
So, the distance between Reshma and Mandip is 9.6 m.
6. A circular park of radius 20m is situated in a colony. Three boys Ankur,
Syed and David are sitting at equal distance on its boundary each having a toy
telephone in his hands to talk each other. Find the length of the string of each
phone.
Solution:
First, draw a diagram according to the given statements. The diagram will look as
follows.
Here, the positions of Ankur, Syed and David are represented as A, B and C,
respectively. Since they are sitting at equal distances, the triangle ABC will form an
equilateral triangle.
AD ⊥ BC is drawn. Now, AD is median of ΔABC and it passes through the centre O.
Also, O is the centroid of the ΔABC. OA is the radius of the triangle.
OA = 2/3 AD
Let the side of a triangle a metres then BD = a/2 m.
Applying Pythagoras theorem in ΔABD,
AB2 = BD2+AD2
⇒ AD2 = AB2 -BD2
⇒ AD2 = a2 -(a/2)2
⇒ AD2 = 3a2/4
⇒ AD = √3a/2
OA = 2/3 AD
20 m = 2/3 × √3a/2
a = 20√3 m
So, the length of the string of the toy is 20√3 m.
