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Unit 2_Resolution in Propositional logic and predicate logic

The document outlines a course on Artificial Intelligence focusing on resolution in propositional and predicate logic. It includes examples demonstrating how to represent knowledge using various logics and rule-based systems, along with exercises for proving conclusions through resolution. Students are expected to learn to represent knowledge and apply logical reasoning to derive conclusions from given premises.

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10 views11 pages

Unit 2_Resolution in Propositional logic and predicate logic

The document outlines a course on Artificial Intelligence focusing on resolution in propositional and predicate logic. It includes examples demonstrating how to represent knowledge using various logics and rule-based systems, along with exercises for proving conclusions through resolution. Students are expected to learn to represent knowledge and apply logical reasoning to derive conclusions from given premises.

Uploaded by

srkconstruction200
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering

19ECOC1005/Artificial Intelligence
Resolution in Propositional logic and predicate logic
Dr. [Link],
Professor/ECE
Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 1
Course Outcomes
• At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
CO2-Represent the knowledge using various logics and rule
based systems

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 2


Resolution in Propositional Logic
Example 1:
1. If a triangle is equilateral then it is isosceles.
2. If a triangle is isosceles the two sides AB and AC are equal.
3. If AB and AC are equal then angle B and angle C are equal.
4. ABC is an Equilateral triangle.
Prove “Angle B is equal to angle C”

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 3


Resolution in Propositional Logic
Propositional Logic
1. Equilateral(ABC)Isosceles(ABC)
2. Isosceles(ABC)Equal(AB,AC)
3. Equal(AB,AC) Equal(B,C)
4. Equilateral(ABC)

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 4


Resolution in Propositional Logic
Convert to clausal form
1. Equilateral(ABC) Isosceles(ABC)
2. Isosceles(ABC) Equal(AB,AC)
3. Equal(AB,AC)  Equal(B,C)
4. Equilateral(ABC)

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 5


Resolution in Propositional Logic
Convert to clausal form
1. Equilateral(ABC) Isosceles(ABC)
2. Isosceles(ABC) Equal(AB,AC)
3. Equal(AB,AC)  Equal(B,C)
4. Equilateral(ABC)
To prove “Equal (B,C)”
Let us disprove “Not equal B and C
Equal (B,C)”
Equal (B,C) Equal(AB,AC)  Equal(B,C)

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 6


Resolution in Propositional Logic
Isosceles(ABC) Equal(AB,AC) Equal(AB,AC)

Equilateral(ABC) Isosceles(ABC) Isosceles(ABC)

Equilateral(ABC) Equilateral(ABC)

Thus we proved that angle B is equal to angle C


Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 7
Example: Problem on Resolution using predicate
logic
Example 2:
1. All people who are graduating are happy.
2. All happy people smile.
3. Someone is graduating.
4. Conclusion: Is someone smiling?

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 8


Example: Problem on Resolution using predicate
logic
Example 3:
Consider the following facts
a. Team India
b. Team Australia
c. Final match between India and Australia
d. India scored 350 runs, Australia scored 350 runs, India lost 5 wickets, Australia
lost 7 wickets.
e. The team which scored the maximum runs wins.
f. If the scores are same the team which lost minimum wickets wins the match.

Represent the facts in predicate, convert to clause form and prove by resolution
“India wins the match”.
Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 9
Example: Problem on Resolution using predicate
logic
Example 4:
Consider the following facts and represent them in predicate form:
F1. There are 500 employees in ABC company.
F2. Employees earning more than Rs. 5000 pay tax.
F3. John is a manager in ABC company.
F4. Manager earns Rs. 10,000.

Convert the facts in predicate form to clauses and then prove by resolution:
“John pays tax”.

Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 10


Department of ECE Artificial Intelligence 11

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