Edexcel

IGCSE
CHEMISTRY
Principles of Chemistry
Atomic Structure 1

Time allowed
53 minutes

MARK SCHEME

Score Percentage

/44 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

1 a i C (neutrons and protons) 1

ii A (6) 1

iii D (11) 1

b 4 1

c i P AND T 1

ii S 1

d (one) more electron than protons Accept more electrons than protons 1
Accept fewer protons than electrons
OR
Accept 2 electrons and 1 proton
(one) fewer proton than electrons
Ignore references to electron gained
Total 7 marks
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 a
M1 protons and electrons correct 2

M2 neutrons correct

b i 3 1

ii M1 33 Accept has 2 more protons (than X) 2

M2 Z is two places/columns/groups/positions after X Ignore references to atomic number

OR increasing by 2
Z is in Group 5 and X is in Group 3 Ignore number of protons increases with
group number
Ignore references to elements being
arranged according to number of protons

31 + 5 – 3 = 33 scores 2 marks

iii 2.8 / 2,8 / 2 and 8 separated by other mark Do not accept 28 (ie no space) 1
eg : or / or ) or space Accept correct sp notation
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 b iv Accept rings and energy levels in place of 2
shells in M1 and M2
M1 (similarity)
one electron/same number of electrons in outer shell Accept valence electrons in place of
outer shell electrons
Accept configuration ends in 1
Accept same outer shell
Accept 2 electrons in first/inner shell

M2 (difference) Accept going down the column there is 1

different number of (electron) shells more shell
/ T has (one) more (electron) shell Ignore T has an extra number
/ J has (one) less (electron) shell Ignore T has 8 more electrons
/J has 2 shells and T has 3
/J is 2.1 and T is 2.8.1

Total 8 marks
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

3 a i period Ignore number of period 1

ii Any two of Ignore symbols Na, Mg, Al 1

sodium / magnesium / aluminium

iii Ar / argon If name and symbol both given, then

2
both must be correct
(it does) not easily gain/lose electrons Accept (it has) a full outer shell
OR Ignore 2.8.8
has 8 electrons in outer shell Ignore inert/noble gas
Ignore references to Group number
Ignore stable
M2 DEP on M1

b one electron/same number of electrons Reject incorrect number of electrons 1

AND Ignore similar electronic configurations
reference to outer/valence (shell/energy Ignore actual electronic configurations
level/orbit)

c i C / carbon 1

ii S / sulfur 1

d 8 for both protons AND electrons Accept words 1

10 neutrons Accept words 1

(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

4 a cross in box D (neutrons and 1

protons)

b electrons 1

protons AND electrons Accept in either order 1

electrons 1

c cross in box A (2.8) 1

d i same number of protons Reference to atoms or 1

elements not essential
different numbers of neutrons 1
Do not award M2 if incorrect
statement about electrons

Max 1 if reference to
molecules/compounds/ions

ii 20.2/Ar closer to 20 (than 22) OWTTE 1

e i unreactive OWTTE 1

Accept does not react

ii (atoms) do not (readily) Accept outer shell complete 1

lose/gain electrons

OR
Accept orbit
contain 8 electrons in outer
shell/energy level Ignore references to Group
number
Ignore stable

(Total for Question 4 = 10 marks)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

5 (a) does not easily lose / gain electrons Accept has a complete/full outer shell/octet (of
electrons)
1
Accept has 8 electrons in outer shell
Ignore references to being stable / inert / a noble gas

(b) B ([Link]) 1

(c) (i) M1 for idea of electron transfer / loss and gain of 0/3 for electron sharing
electron(s) Ignore covalent

eg calcium loses, chlorine gains electrons

M2 for direction of transfer 3
eg calcium loses 2, (each) chlorine gains 1
M3 for number of electrons transferred Penalise use of chloride in place of chlorine once only
All marks may be scored from a correctly labelled
diagram

(ii) Ca2+ Accept Ca+2 / Ca++

Reject all other ions
Penalise incorrect use of lower and upper case letters
and position of charge 1
If equation written containing calcium ion formula,
the ion must be identified in some way, such as
circling or underlining

(iii) A calcium (and) calcium 1

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

5 (d) Accept complete statements or changes

M1 (step 1) dip a platinum wire into some M1 Do not penalise references to dilute instead
concentrated of concentrated
hydrochloric acid Accept hydrochloric acid / HCl 2
M2 Accept blue flame / roaring flame
M2 (step 3) place the wire and sample into non- Ignore references to hot / hotter / hottest flame
luminous Bunsen flame

(e) B (lilac) 1

Total for Question 5 10

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