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Physics Notes COM Collisions

The document provides comprehensive study notes on the Center of Mass (COM), collisions, and rotational motion for Class 11 Physics. It includes definitions, derivations, types of collisions, and key equations related to kinematics and moment of inertia. Additionally, it offers shortcuts and tricks for calculating COM and analyzing rolling motion.

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Aaditya
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30 views2 pages

Physics Notes COM Collisions

The document provides comprehensive study notes on the Center of Mass (COM), collisions, and rotational motion for Class 11 Physics. It includes definitions, derivations, types of collisions, and key equations related to kinematics and moment of inertia. Additionally, it offers shortcuts and tricks for calculating COM and analyzing rolling motion.

Uploaded by

Aaditya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Center of Mass, Collisions & Rotational

Motion
Class 11 Physics Comprehensive Study Notes

1. Centre of Mass (COM)

Definition
The point at which the entire mass of a system of particles can be considered to be concentrated
for the purpose of describing its motion.

Derivation: COM of a Two-Particle System


Consider two particles of masses m1 and m2 at positions x1 and x2 on the x-axis. The position
of the Center of Mass Xcm is defined as:
m 1 x1 + m 2 x2
Xcm =
m1 + m2

If we differentiate with respect to time t:

dXcm m1 v1 + m2 v2
= Vcm =
dt m1 + m2

Differentiating again for acceleration:

m1 a1 + m2 a2 Fext
Acm = =
m1 + m2 M

where M = m1 + m2 . This proves that the COM moves as if the net external force acts on the
total mass M .

COM Shortcut Tricks


• Mass Removal: If a part (mass m) is removed from a body (mass M ), the new COM posi-
tion Xnew is:
M Xorig − mxremoved
Xnew =
M −m
• Symmetry: For uniform objects, COM always lies on the axis of symmetry.

1
2. Collisions
Types of Collisions
• Elastic: Linear Momentum and Kinetic Energy (KE) are both conserved.

• Inelastic: Linear Momentum is conserved, but KE is not (lost as heat/sound).


Velocity of Separation v2 −v1
• Coefficient of Restitution (e): e = Velocity of Approach
= u1 −u2

– e = 1 (Perfectly Elastic)
– e = 0 (Perfectly Inelastic - bodies stick together)

Final Velocities in 1D Elastic Collision


Given m1 (velocity u1 ) and m2 (velocity u2 ). Using Momentum Conservation: m1 u1 + m2 u2 =
m1 v1 + m2 v2 Using KE Conservation (or e = 1): u1 − u2 = v2 − v1 Solving these yields:
   
m1 − m2 2m2
v1 = u1 + u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
   
2m1 m2 − m1
v2 = u1 + u2
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

3. Rotational Motion Kinematics


Variables & Equations

Linear Angular Connection


v ω v = ωr
a α at = αr
F = ma τ = Iα τ =r×F

Moment of Inertia (I)


• Parallel Axis: I = Icm + M d2

• Perpendicular Axis: Iz = Ix + Iy (for laminas)

Rolling Motion Tricks


• Total KE: K = 12 mv 2 (1 + β), where β = I
mR2
.
g sin θ
• Acceleration on Inclined Plane: a = 1+ I 2
mR
r
2gh
• Velocity at bottom: v = 1+ I
mR2

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