Unit 3 Bright
Unit 3 Bright
PRONUNCIATION (1 point)
[Note: There is no pronunciation exercise in the Unit testing how some words are pronounced
differently. Therefore, I thought maybe we can have the following two exercises.]
A. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs
from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
B. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate which word in each phrase differs from
the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
A. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
6. The Greens need to repair their cottage; the flood __________ a lot of damage.
7. You can use a compost bin to ________ rid of your leftover food.
Person B: Well, I _________ shopping with a cloth bag, not a plastic one.
10. Global warming increases the _________ of melting of the ice caps.
11. These new devices are energy-__________ so they use less electricity than old ones.
12. Last week, I __________ about greenhouse gas emissions and since then I __________ to work.
A. learnt/didn’t drive
B. learnt/haven’t driven
A. in B. at C. for D. to
14. Regular clean-up events help keep the park _________ good condition.
A. at B. in C. on D. with
15. Person A: How long __________ organic vegetables on your farm?
Person B: For over two years now. I __________ another small farm to grow organic fruit as well.
B. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
16. Lots of animals and plants lose their home because of deforestation.
A. dangerous B. extreme
C. thick D. hard
C. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
19. Taking fewer flights can help you to reduce carbon emissions.
D. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
20. Have you ever considered the effects of climate change on all alive things in our
A B C D
ecosystem?
A B C
E. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
[Style of a notice]
F. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of
the following exchanges.
24. Student A: Shall we write down our ideas on how we can make our neighbourhood greener?
Student B: “_________”
A. Yes, of course.
C. Really.
27. Many __valuable______ plants and animals live in the jungle. (VALUE)
28. We are experiencing more extreme weather events because of ____global____ warming. (GLOBE)
29. The Mekong River is a great place to visit in __southern________ Vietnam. (SOUTH)
30. We must all take __action_______ now to make sure there is a future for our children. (ACT)
A. Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks.
Green Farming
When we think of carbon emissions, most of us think of vehicles and factories. But actually, a lot of
carbon emissions come from farming. However, in (31)________ years, farmers around the world have
started to use green farming practices in order to reduce the negative effects of their farm on the
environment. So how do they do this?
There are lots of different ways farmers can make their farms greener. For example, they can grow a
variety of different crops based on the needs of the locals instead (32)________ growing large amounts
of one crop. This means farmers don’t need to transport their crops very far and that could also lead to
less food (33) ________ .
Farmers can also grow different crops in each field every year. This technique helps to keep the land
healthy and reduces the need to use chemicals on the crops. Of course, some farmers use organic
methods of growing on their farms, too, and farm without the use of any man-made chemicals.
Another way farmers can make their farm greener is to plant some trees. This protects the farm from
floods and provides a home for birds and insects. As a tree grows it takes in carbon dioxide, so planting
lots of trees will remove carbon from the air, making the farm less (34)________ to the environment
overall! Isn’t that great? And what’s more is that Vietnamese farmers (35)________ green practices for
some time now to reduce Vietnam's carbon footprint!
32. A. of B. to C. from D. at
B. Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Super Hurricanes
In September 2022, Hurricane Ian hit Cuba and the state of Florida in the USA. It was a terrible storm
that brought strong winds with speeds of up to 250 km per hour. It was the worst hurricane to hit the
area since 1935.
This terrible storm destroyed many homes and businesses, roads and paths and blew down lots of trees
which fell onto buildings. The bad weather left 2.6 million people without power or drinking water in
their homes. One of the main problems, though, was the rising water levels. Because of this, thousands
of people couldn’t leave their homes while rescue workers tried to provide help.
However, Hurricane Ian isn’t the only hurricane to hit Florida. It’s not unusual for the area to experience
hurricanes at that time of year. But what is worrying is that these hurricanes are happening more often
and they are becoming more powerful. According to experts, the main reason for this is global warming.
Global warming is increasing global temperatures and this is causing changes to the climate. This allows
hurricanes to become stronger over the warmer ocean and to move more slowly meaning that wind
speeds have time to increase and become more extreme. This means areas need to go even further
when preparing for future hurricanes in order to protect themselves and the local wildlife from these
events. Global warming is not only a threat to animals and the environment, but also a very real threat
to our lives.
37. According to the passage, what was the main issue that came from the flooding?
40. Which phrase is closest in meaning to go even further in the last paragraph?
A. get around
B. make an attempt
C. do a lot more
D. stay away
C. Read the following passage. For each of the questions from 41-45, write T if the statement is TRUE
and F if the statement is FALSE.
Hi everyone! Today I want to talk about upcycling. I first heard of upcycling last week when we learnt
about it at school. But now, I’ve just completed my first upcycling project. So what is upcycling? Well, it’s
another way of making use of old materials and items – just like recycling.
In recycling, we use old things to make new things, but in recycling, we keep the thing as it was, but give
it a new purpose or a new appearance without changing it too much. The benefit of upcycling over
recycling is that it uses less energy. For example, to recycle a glass jar, we have to heat up the glass until
it melts, then make it into a new shape. But to upcycle a glass jar, we can wash it, make a hole in the lid
and put a straw in it to create a cool reusable cup.
Upcycling also allows us to be creative; we can think about what to do with different items to make
them useful. The possibilities are endless! We can turn a food tin into a plant pot, turn an old pair of
jeans into a bag or give an old piece of furniture a makeover! Why not visit a second-hand shop or a
charity shop, find something that catches your eye and change it into something more personal? But
don’t buy brand new items to upcycle – remember that the whole point of upcycling is to give an old
item a new life! It’s a fun challenge to take old or recycled items and create something even better!
Have you tried upcycling yet? Let me know in the comments!
42. According to Gavin, you can recycle various items including __F______
electronic devices.
45. Gavin does not recommend new items for upcycling projects. ________
V. WRITING (1 point)
46. There has been a rise in the Earth's temperature. We're experiencing extreme weather events. (AS A
RESULT)
→ __There has been a rise in the Earth’s temperature .As a result, we’re experiencing extreme weather
events.________________________________________________________________
47. Sea levels are rising. Lots of marine animals are losing their homes. (DUE TO)
→ _ Due to sea levels are rising, lots of marine animals are losing their homes
_________________________________________________________________
48. Some companies use solar energy. Therefore, they have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions.
(BY)
→ Some companies use solar energy. By the way, they have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions
________________________________________________________________
→ __________________________________________________________________
Listen to the lecture and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.
52. Which type of green energy does Steven say is the most common in the UK?
A. solar power
B. wind power
C. hydropower
D. geothermal energy
54. What does Steven say about solar panels in sunny places?
55. What is the most effective solution to reduce energy use at home?
Audioscript
Good evening, everyone. My name is Steven Jones and I’m an environmental scientist. Today, I want to
talk to you about environmentally friendly ways to create electricity, as well as what we can do at home
to save electricity.
Currently, most of the world uses fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas to produce electricity. Fossil fuels
are likely to run out before 2060 – Because of this, they are becoming more expensive to buy. But worse
than that, burning them creates carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that causes global warming.
Therefore, it’s essential to switch to renewable energy like solar power, hydropower and geothermal
energy.
Sadly, those energy sources aren’t as successful as wind power in the UK because it’s usually cloudy and
rainy and, luckily for us, windy. At the moment, though, Iceland is the world leader in green energy. In
fact, almost 100% of their electricity comes from renewable sources. This reduces carbon emissions and
air pollution. It’s also a great example for other countries in the world that need to increase the amount
of renewable energy sources they use.
It’s easy to start using more green energy, though. In my opinion, every home in sunny countries in the
world should have solar panels on the rooftop. Even though they can cost a lot and need experts for the
installation and are usually large in size, it’s beneficial in the end because of how much money they save
you on your bills in the future.
Of course, not everyone can use solar energy at home, but there are things you can do to reduce the
amount of electricity you use including using energy-efficient devices. One thing to remember, though,
is that the little red light that tells you a device is on standby is also saying that you are still using
electricity. Turn them off when they’re not in use! Another great energy-saving idea is to add double-
glazed windows with two pieces of glass to your home.
Perhaps the best way to save electricity is to turn down your heating by one or two degrees. Don’t
expect your house to feel like it’s a summer’s day when it’s really the middle of winter. Turn down your
heating and put on more clothes: Heat the person, not the house. Now I’d like to answer some of the
questions from the audience…
Mark the letter A. B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the
following questions.
A. as solar panels
C. of saving energy
***End – Of – Test***
I. PRONUNCIATION (1 point)
[Note: There is no pronunciation exercise in the Unit testing how some words are pronounced
differently. Therefore, I thought maybe we can have the following two exercises.]
A. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
B. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate which word in each phrase differs from
the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
4. A. carbon footprint B. botanical garden
A. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
A. take
B. took
C. are taking
D. have taken
7. Factories and vehicles are responsible _________ most of the pollution in the air.
A. in B. for C. of D. about
11. You can donate clothes that are _________ good condition to charity.
A. in B. at C. with D. on
A. took
B. is taking
C. was taking
D. has taken
13. The council put ________ a tree planting day last week and it was very successful.
A. on B. up C. in D. off
14. In our garden, we have got a ________ with fish and frogs in it.
15. Our family __________ an electric car for five years now.
A. has
B. had
C. has had
D. is having
B. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
16. Deforestation has lead to a serious rise in the number of endangered species.
C. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
19. It’s very easy to reuse items like glass bottles and jars.
D. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
20. Last year's fires destroyed hectares of land; luckily, the city council has planted
A B C
21. He hasn’t used plastic bags when he learnt about their effect on the environment.
A B C D
E. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
[Style of a notice]
F. Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of
the following exchanges.
24. Student A: “What do you suggest we do?”
Student B: “_________”
Student B: “I’m not sure about that. Electric cars cost a lot of money.”
27. Unfortunately, _populations________ of both land and marine animals have decreased because of
climate change. (POPULATE)
28. Don’t forget to take your ___reusable______ cup to the café with you. (USABLE)
29. The environmental group works __closing________ with the government to achieve its goals.
(CLOSE)
30. It was so __windy________ during the hurricane that many trees fell down. (WIND)
A. Read the following passage and choose the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the
numbered blanks.
The cost of energy is increasing while global warming is causing more and more damage to our
ecosystems. Many buildings are not good for the environment because they need a lot of energy to run.
For example, they need energy to heat them (31) _____, cool them down and power almost everything
inside. So, how can we make buildings environmentally-friendly, help the planet and save money all at
the same time?
Let’s think about how we can power our homes first of all. How about installing solar panels on the roof?
Solar panels are the cheapest way to create energy. They change sunlight into electricity which we can
use to power our electronic devices and produce hot water. This means we don’t have to use fossil fuels
such as coal, oil and gas which produce a lot of (32) _____ gases.
Now let’s see how we can stop the cold getting in and the heat getting out. Double-glazed windows have
two pieces of glass and they help to stop heat entering or escaping the home. They cut down on the
amount of energy you need to use in the building and help keep it at a reasonable temperature. This
also (33) _____ the amount of carbon emissions we produce because we don’t need to use as much
electricity.
A lot of buildings now use double-glazed windows, but what about solar panels? It (34) _____ around
half a century since they built the first solar-powered building, the ‘Solar One’. Why haven’t we installed
solar panels on all our buildings (35) _____? Knowing their benefits, what have we got to lose?
B. Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Deforestation
We have a beautiful green and blue planet. The oceans cover 71% of it and on 31% of the land we have
forests and jungles. Sadly, we cut around 42 million trees down every day. Apart from providing homes
for animals, these trees actively help the environment, removing and storing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. Cutting down huge numbers of trees in an area is deforestation, but why do people cut
down so many?
A lot of deforestation is for wood used in building and to make paper and card products, but they mostly
cut down trees to clear space for farming. 41% of global deforestation takes place in order to produce
beef from farming cows. But this isn’t the only reason. Humans clear 300 football pitches worth of forest
and jungle every hour in order to produce palm oil - a type of fat that we use to make lots of food
products including chocolate.
Global deforestation results in 4.8 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide in the air, which is terrible news for
the environment. However, deforestation isn’t only releasing huge amounts of greenhouse gases. It is
also leaving many animals without a place to live. This is causing some species such as the orangutan
and the Sumatran rhino to face extinction.
Is there anything we do about it when we live so far from the forests and jungles? Yes, there is. Firstly,
we can use recycled paper whenever possible and not waste paper. For example, not printing things off
unless we really need to. We could also stop eating products that contain palm oil. Small actions by all of
us today can save ecosystems tomorrow, and we can still enjoy our beautiful green and blue home.
A. Only land animals are under threat because of losing their homes.
37. Why does the author mention football pitches in the second paragraph?
40. Which phrase is closest in meaning to face extinction in the third paragraph?
C. Read the following passage. For each of the questions from 41-45, write T if the statement is TRUE
and F if the statement is FALSE.
Plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental issues the world is facing right now. In fact, around
8 million tons of plastic waste enters our oceans every year from the coasts and the rivers. Unlike paper
and card, which come from natural products, plastic doesn’t disappear quickly. It remains in the
environment and causes damage for many years.
There is so much plastic waste in our oceans that in 1997, Charles Moore, a boat captain, discovered a
huge collection of rubbish in the Pacific Ocean. He called it the Pacific Garbage Patch and experts think it
is around 1.6 million km2 – just under three times the size of France.
Plastic waste harms wildlife both on land and in the oceans. Animals might eat it or it might hurt them.
For example, sea turtles regularly eat plastic bags because they mistake them for their favourite snack –
jellyfish. Plastic pollution in the seas can also affect humans too, because fish and small sea creatures
may eat small pieces of plastic and then humans eat fish and seafood.
Fortunately, there are things we can do to make a difference right away. We can avoid single-use
plastics such as plastic bags, drinking straws and takeaway cups. Instead, we can use paper cups and
straws and take cloth bags with us when we go shopping. We can also make sure that we recycle our
rubbish and help reduce the amount of plastic entering the oceans and rivers by regularly taking part in
clean-up events. The future of our oceans is in our hands, so let’s make the right choices now.
41. Paper pollution isn’t as bad for marine wildlife as plastic pollution. _____
43. Sea turtles sometimes think plastic drinking straws are food. _____
44. Plastic pollution from the sea can end up in our stomachs. _____
45. Using recycled items is the only way to stop plastic pollution. _____
V. WRITING (1 point)
A. Rewrite the following sentences without changing their meaning. Use the given word(s) if any.
48. How long have you worked on your project about air pollution? (WHEN)
→ _When did you started working on your project about air pollution ?
_________________________________________________________________
49. ever / like / had / jungle / chance / Have / a / visit / you / the / ecosystems / to?
→ __Have you ever had a chance like visit to the jungle ecosystems ?
________________________________________________________________
50. volunteers / The / haven't / up / of / yet / the / have / neighbourhood / they / already / waste;/
picked / most / finished
Listen to the conversation and mark each of the sentences as T (true) or F (false).
53. Alice enjoyed the last event she went to. ___F_____
Audioscript
Sam: Hey, Alice. I’m just filling out this membership application for an environmental organisation.
Sam: Green Clean - it’s a neighbourhood organisation that helps protect the environment from pollution
and helps keep spaces clean and tidy. They meet up regularly and organise lots of events with other
locals. I heard about it from a friend of mine.
Sam: They pick up litter and clear up areas such as streets and towns, parks and even beaches. They also
work with local people and businesses to find new ways for them to recycle their waste. They depend on
volunteers, though, to carry out everything.
Alice: Mmm, interesting! I volunteered at a tree-planting day last month and had a great time. I read
about the group online. They were asking for help and I decided to join in. A few of us met in the local
park and worked all morning. It was great at the end because we helped plant lots of trees at the local
park.
Sam: Sounds cool! I want to try that someday, too, but right now, I’m interested in volunteering at
events that aim to reduce pollution and recycle or reuse unwanted items.
Sam: Actually, there’s a clean-up day at the local park this Saturday to improve the area and install some
new rubbish bins.
Sam: Yes, more rubbish bins mean less rubbish on the ground. That will make the park a nicer place to
be and protect local wildlife. Hey, do you want to come along with me? More volunteers are always
welcome.
Mark the letter A. B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the
following questions.
***End – Of – Test***