Real Numbers
Name: [Your Full Name]
School Name: [Your School Name]
Class: [Your Class]
Subject: Mathematics
Submitted To: [Teacher's Name]
Date: June 2025
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere thanks to my Mathematics teacher, [Teacher's Name],
for guiding me throughout this project and explaining the concept of Real Numbers with such clarity
and depth.
I also thank my parents, friends, and classmates for their continuous encouragement, support, and
feedback.
Lastly, I am grateful to my school, [School Name], for this opportunity to work on an educational
subject like Real Numbers.
Introduction to Real Numbers
The number system is one of the most fundamental concepts in mathematics.
Among the many categories of numbers, the most inclusive and useful set is that of real numbers.
Real numbers are numbers that can be found on the number line.
This includes numbers such as 5, -3, 0, 1.5, sqrt2, pi, etc.
They provide the foundation for all mathematics beyond basic arithmetic.
Real numbers are used in measurement, banking, science, and daily life decisions.
Classification of Numbers
Natural Numbers (N): Counting numbers starting from 1, 2, 3...
Whole Numbers (W): Natural numbers including zero.
Integers (Z): Include negative and positive whole numbers.
Rational Numbers (Q): Numbers that can be written in the form p/q, where q != 0.
Irrational Numbers (Q'): Numbers with non-terminating, non-repeating decimals.
Examples: 1/2, 0.75, sqrt2, pi, etc.
Representation of Real Numbers on the Number Line
The number line is used to compare, measure, and represent real numbers.
To plot sqrt2: Draw a triangle with legs of 1 unit. Hypotenuse = sqrt2.
Use a compass to measure and mark sqrt2 on the number line.
This method can be used to represent sqrt3, sqrt5, and other irrational numbers geometrically.
Properties of Real Numbers
Closure: a + b and a x b are real.
Commutative: a + b = b + a and a x b = b x a.
Associative: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), (a x b) x c = a x (b x c).
Distributive: a x (b + c) = ab + ac.
Identity: Additive (0), Multiplicative (1).
Inverses: Additive (-a), Multiplicative (1/a for a != 0).
Decimal Expansions & Irrational Numbers
Terminating Decimal: Ends after finite digits. Example: 0.5
Repeating Decimal: Has repeating digits. Example: 0.666...
Irrational Numbers: Non-terminating, non-repeating decimals. Example: pi = 3.14159...
To convert 0.7272... to fraction:
Let x = 0.7272..., then 100x = 72.7272..., subtract: 99x = 72 -> x = 8/11.
Applications, Real-Life Use & Fun Facts
Applications:
- Banking: Interest rates, loans.
- Measurement: Distances, temperatures.
- Science: Constants, physics equations.
- Daily Life: Time, speed, pricing.
Fun Facts:
- pi is used in NASA spacecraft design.
- sqrt2 is the diagonal of a unit square.
Conclusion and Bibliography
Conclusion:
Real numbers play a vital role in every field of life.
This project provided insight into their structure and real-world application.
Bibliography:
- NCERT Class 10 Mathematics Book
- RS Aggarwal Secondary Mathematics
- [Link]
- [Link]
- Teacher Notes and Class Assignments
