POORNIMA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION A SEMINAR PRESANTATION ON
Adaptive Antenna Array Technology For Mobile Communication
Guided By:
Mr. Prashant Bijawat ( Asst. Professor ECE)
Presented By:
Parth Brahmbhatt (EC/10/76/D)
Contents
Introduction Antenna Principle Parameters of antenna Setup of mobile system Antenna array Smart antenna vs. conventional antenna Benefits of smart antenna Smart antenna Types of smart antenna Adaptive antenna terminology Beamforming Future scope References Conclusion
Introduction
Adaptive antenna array technology is one type of the smart antenna. The Adaptive array system is the smarter of the two approaches. This system tracks the mobile user continuously by steering the main beam towards the user and at the same time forming nulls in the directions of the interfering signal. These signals are computed by a complicated adaptive algorithm, which is pre-programmed into the digital signalprocessing unit that manages the signal radiated by the base station. In the starting period, adaptive antenna array was only used for the radar and navigation purpose but due to increment in the mobile users, adaptive antenna array introduced in the mobile communication.
Antenna Principle
An antenna is a transducer which converts the electric signal in radio signal and vice versa.
Antenna can be used for the transmitter as well as receiver.
Antennas are most commonly employed in air or outer space, but can also be operated under water or even through soil and rock at certain frequencies for short distances. Antennas are used in systems such as radio and television broadcasting, point-to-point radio communication, wireless LAN, cell phones, radar, and spacecraft communication.
Parameter of an antenna
Setup of a mobile system
Antenna array
An antenna array is a system of similar antennas oriented similarly to get greater directivity in a desired direction.
Various forms of antenna array are broadside array, end fire array, parasitic array, adaptive array, optimal array.
In the broadside array, parasitic array, end fire array the radiation pattern can be achieve in the particular direction of the radiation pattern. Where in the adaptive array and optimal array the phase and gain of each element is adjusted to achieve to reduce interference.
Smart antenna vs. conventional antenna
Benefits of using smart antenna
To reduce the multipath propagation. Increase range and coverage. Lower power requirement and cost reduction. Improved link quality and reliability.
Increase spectral efficiency.
Smart Antenna
One of the most rapidly developing areas of communications
is Smart Antenna systems.
The principle and working of smart antennas and the
elegance of their applications in various fields such a 3G,4G telephony system.
It concentrates on use of smart antennas in mobile
communications that enhances the capabilities of the mobile and cellular system such a faster bit rate, multi use interference, increase in range, Multi path Mitigation, reduction of errors due to multi path fading.
Types of a smart antenna
1.
Switched multibeam antenna
a finite number of fixed, predefined patterns or combining strategies (sectors)
2. Adaptive antenna array
SIGNAL
an infinite number of patterns (scenario-based) that are adjusted in real time
INTERFERENCE INTERFERENCE BEAMFOR MER WEIGHTS
Comparison of Switched Beam Antenna Adaptive Arrays
Criteria Integration Switched Beam Easy to implement Low cost Adaptive Array Transceiver complexity High cost Less hardware redundancy More coverage compared to switched beam system
Range/Coverage
More coverage compared to conventional systems Less coverage compared to adaptive array
Interference rejection
Difficulty in differentiate Focusing is narrower between desired and Capable of nulling interferer signal interfering signals Does not react to the movement of interferers
Why adaptive antenna array prefer over omnidirectional antenna
Problems with the omnidirectional antenna 1. Fading 2. Phase cancelation 3. Delay Spread 4. Cochannel Interference
Adaptive antenna technology
Adaptive antennas are dynamically controlled to direct beam toward desired users by element-excitation adjustments, rather than by performing just a switching operation.
Adaptive antenna technology represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to date. Using a variety of new signal-processing algorithms, the adaptive system takes advantage of its ability to effectively locate and track various types of signals to dynamically minimize interference and maximize intended signal reception. This system attempt to increase gain according to the location of the user; however, only the adaptive system provides optimal gain while simultaneously identifying, tracking, and minimizing interfering signals.
Block diagram of adaptive antenna array
Beamforming
Beam forming is the term used to describe the application of weights to the inputs of an array of antennas to focus the reception of the antenna array in a certain direction, called the look direction or the main lobe. More importantly, other signals of the same carrier frequency from other directions can be rejected. These effects are all achieved electronically and no physical movement of the receiving antennas is necessary. In addition, multiple beam formers focused in different directions can share a single antenna array one set of antennas can service multiple calls of the same carrier.
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Present use and future of the adaptive antenna array
Adaptive antenna is used in the radar systems as well as the navigational purpose. Adaptive antenna currently used in the 3rd generation mobile communication. It is also used in the LTE networks currently its not available in India. In future it can be use for the wireless LAN/MAN technologies.
Conclusion
Adaptive antenna array technology gives more bandwidth and reduce the problem of the conventional antenna systems to the mobile communication so more user can be allotted with reduce demerits.
With appropriate adaptive algorithms such as effcient beam forming can be obtained.
The system uses a DSP processor the signals can be processed digitally and the performance is with a high data rate transmission and good reduction of mutual signal interference.
References
Antenna & wave propagation by K. D. Prasad Applications of antenna arrays to mobile communication By Lal C. Godara WWW.iec.org (Smart antenna tutorials) Smart Antennas in Wireless Communications: 13ase-Station Diversity and Handset Beamforming By Carl B. Dietrich, Jr., Warren L. Stutzman www.orbanmicrowave.com
Thank You
