Fire Warden Training

Trainer Michael Miotk

Domestics
Fire Alarms

Toilets are situated : Mobile Phones Break time is at : Lunch (will be provided): First aid kit and first aider is at :-

Smoking is normally outside the

building.

 Fire exits are situated : Fire extinguishers are situated : Fire location for roll call : Fire bell sounds like :-

What is a

Fire is a chemical reaction called combustion resulting in the release of heat and energy. By bringing together the three elements that cause a fire, an ignition source is needed to ignite the fuel to start the fire

Can have devastating effects

It Kills It Injures Destroys property and business

There are three essential ELEMENTS for fire

Oxygen FUEL
FUEL

Heat

Sources of Oxygen
OXYGEN The air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.
Other Sources of Oxygen

Some chemicals (oxidising materials), which can provide a fire with additional oxygen and so assist to burn.

Oxygen supplies from cylinder storage and piped systems, e.g. Oxygen used in welding processes or for health care purposes.

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Reducing Sources of Oxygen

Closing all doors, windows and other openings not required for ventilation, particularly out of working hours Shutting down ventilation systems which are not essential to the function of the workplace Not storing oxidising materials near or with any heat source or flammable materials Controlling the use and storage of oxygen cylinders, ensuring that they are not leaking,

not used to sweeten the atmosphere,

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Sources of Fuel
FUEL
Fuel can be any combustible material - solid, liquid, dust, or gas. Most solids and liquids become a vapor or gas before they will burn.

Flammable liquid-based product such as Paints Varnish Thinners, and Adhesives Solvents such as Petrol Methylated spirit, and

White Spirit Petrol Paraffin Flammable chemicals Wood Paper and card Plastics, rubber and foam such as polystyrene and polyurethane, e.g. The foam used in upholstered furniture

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Sources of Fuel
Flammable gases Hardboard, such as LPG and chipboard, block acetylene board walls or ceilings; or Furniture, including fixtures Synthetic ceiling or and fittings wall coverings, such as polystyrene tiles Waste materials, in particular finely- Loose packaging divided materials material such as wood shavings, off-cuts, Textiles dust, paper

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Minimising fuel for a Fire

Storing highly flammable substances in fire resisting cabinets and, where necessary, using only a small quantity in the workroom. Removing, covering or treating large areas of flammable wall and ceiling linings to reduce the rate of flame spread across the surface.

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Minimising Fuel for a Fire

Replacing materials and substances with less flammable alternatives Ensuring flammable materials, liquids (and vapors) and gases are handled, transported, stored and used properly. Ensuring adequate separation distances between flammable materials.

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Minimising Fuel for a Fire

Ensuring that flammable waste materials and rubbish are not allowed to build up and are carefully stored until properly disposed of. Taking action to avoid storage areas being vulnerable to arsonists or vandals. Ensuring good housekeeping

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Ignition Sources

Source of Ignition
Smokers materials, e.g. Lighted cigarettes and matches Naked flames Electrical, gas or oil-fires heaters Hot processes (welding or grinding) Cooking Engines or boilers machinery Faulty or misused electrical equipment Lighting equipment Hot surfaces Obstruction of equipment ventilation. Friction, e.g. From loose bearing or drive belts Static electricity Metal impact Arson

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Reducing Sources of Ignition

Removing unnecessary sources of heat from the workplace or
Replacing them with safer alternatives

Installing machinery and equipment which have been designed to minimise the risk of fire and explosions.
Replacing naked flame and radiant heater with fixed convector heaters or

a central heating system.

Reducing Sources of Ignition

Ensuring that all electrical fuses and circuit breakers etc. are of

the correct rating and

suitable for the purpose. Ensuring that sources of heat do not arise from faulty or overloaded electrical or mechanical equipment (such as overheating bearing)

Keeping ducts and flues clean

Where appropriate, operating a permit to work system to carry out hot work such 20 as welding or flame cutting

Reducing Sources of Ignition

Operating a safe smoking policy in designated areas and prohibiting smoking elsewhere Enforcing the prohibition of Matches, lighters and other naked flames in high fire-risk areas Ensuring that all equipment that could provide a source of ignition is left in a safe condition Making sure that any smoldering material (including smokers material) is properly extinguished before leaving the workplace.

Taking precautions to avoid the risk of arson

HEAT

Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur.

Fire Safety Exercise

List all known ignition sources around your workstation List all known fuel sources around your workstation List the types of extinguishers you need to extinguish each fire, and what extinguishers are available.

Fires in the workplace

The most common causes of fires in the workplace are: Deliberate acts by people
Arson

Children playing with matches

Misuse or neglect of electrical equipment Portable heaters Carelessness/Ignorance/Accident

Events Sequence on Discovering a Fire

Report/Raise Attack Contain Evacuate

Report / Raise the Alarm

 Using the telephone

To summon the fire service. Inform the fire service ~ (9) 997 / 999 (Ensure if required you know the code number on how to get an outside line) Stay calm
Ensure that, someone reports the location of the fire to the fire warden

Stage 1 - Report
On discovering a fire raise the alarm by :
Activating the break glass alarm This will allow persons within the building to self evacuate

Emergency Fire Info

Emergency Services required info 1. Your name

2. Telephone number you are calling from

3. The company you are working for

4. Location of the incident (exact as possible)

5. Nature of the incident

6. What your assessment of the incident is

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

In the event of an emergency or fire 1. 2. Ensure that the fire alarm is raised Ensure that all personnel, including visitors evacuate the building by nearest means of escape Wear a high visibility jacket or arm band and red helmet so that you can be easily recognized

3.

4.

Ensure that staff are designated and available to assist less abled staff members, and that they are removed to a place of safety
Without putting yourself in danger, search all areas, including toilets and kitchen, to ensure complete evacuation

5.

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

6. Without endangering yourself, close all doors and windows while carrying out the sweep of the building 7. Direct all evacuating personnel to their designated fire assembly point/s 8. Use portable fire fighting equipment ONLY to aid safe egress 9. Report to the fire incident controller and report your findings 10. Prevent any personnel re-entry into the building until authorisation is given by the designated person.

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

In the event of an emergency or fire not in your area

1. Alert all staff in your area to be prepared to evacuate, but instruct them to remain calm 2. Stand by and be prepared to receive further instruction from the fire controller.

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

General duties

[Link] yourself with your location, escape routes and your designated areas of responsibility.
[Link] aware of disabled staff members on duty and ensure that additional staff are designated to assist them during an evacuation [Link] yourself with the location of your designated assembly point [Link] the event of being away from your workplace, inform your line manager, and deputy warden, so that they assume responsibility in the event of an emergency [Link] all equipment / facility defects to your line manager, or facilities supervisor, for immediate action

[Link] initial and constant refresher training of new and exiting staff in the fire procedures
[Link] appropriate safety records

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

Routine duties relevant to the designated area of responsibility Daily [Link] all escape routes are clear and available for use [Link] final exit fire doors are not improperly locked or blocked [Link] all rubbish is being removed regularly, and that all materials are stored safely [Link] portable fire fighting equipment and fire signs are in place and have been checked and serviced

Responsibilities of Fire Warden

Weekly as per checklist Monthly

[Link] all fire doors are in good condition and function properly

[Link] all electrical equipment are PAT tested

[Link] all fire fighting equipment is in test date [Link] fire log book and report any deficiencies.

Personal Responsibility
All staff should be aware of : The warning signals used to indicate that a site evacuation is taking place The routine for testing of the evacuation signal

The location of the assemble point to which they report to, larger sites may have more than one. What to do is an employee finds themselves in the wrong assembly point.

Personal Responsibility
All staff should be aware of :

The identity of the person to whom they report

What they should do once they have reported

Stage 2 - Attack

3 Main Causes of Fire

Carelessness

Ignorance
Accident

WICK EFFECT

EFFECT OF WALLS AND CEILING ON THE PLUME

Centre of room

Against a wall

100% Oxygen

50% Oxygen

EFFECT OF WALLS AND CEILING ON THE PLUME

Corner of Room

25% Oxygen

FIRE DEVELOPMENT

1MIN 15 SECS AFTER IGNITION

FIRE DEVELOPMENT

2MIN 15 SECS AFTER IGNITION

FIRE DEVELOPMENT

3MIN 00 SECS AFTER IGNITION

FIRE DEVELOPMENT

3MIN 15 SECS AFTER IGNITION

There are three essential factors for fire

FUEL

Remove an element and the fire would die.

Fire Classification
Classification Class A Class B Class C Class D Electricity Class F Fire Materials
Paper, wood, textiles and fabrics (Solid) Flammable Liquids petrol, oil, paints, thinners, varnish, solvents fats and wax

Flammable gases
Metal fires such as manganese, sodium, and aluminium

Fires involving energised electricity Cooking oil and fats

Fire Extinguisher Use

Fire Extinguisher Types

PRESSURIZED WATER Class Solid Fuel fires only. 2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1 minute discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check. 30-40 ft. maximum effective range. Can be started and stopped as necessary. Extinguishes by cooling burning material below the ignition point.

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

AFFF (Foam)

Can be used on Solids, best for Liquids fires. 1.5 gal. of (Sodium Alkyl Sulphate) stored pressure PRX wet chemical extinguishing agent (40 sec. discharge time).

10-12 ft. maximum effective range. Extinguishes by cooling and forming foam blanket to prevent re-ignition.

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

A Trash W ood Paper A Trash W ood Paper

Liquids, Oil and Electrically Energised fires. 2.5-100 lb. of CO2 gas at 150-200 psi (8-30 seconds discharge time).

B Liquids Grease B Liquids Grease

Has NO pressure gauge--capacity verified by weight. 3-8 ft. maximum effective range.

C Electrical Equipment C Electrical Equipment

Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

Effectiveness decreases as temperature of burning material increases.

Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A Trash W ood Paper A Trash W ood Paper

Can be used on Liquids, Solids & Electrical fires. 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium phosphate) pressurized to 50-200 psi by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds discharge time). Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check. 5-20 ft. maximum effective range. Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.

B Liquids Grease B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment C Electrical Equipment

Latest Fire Extinguishers

WATER

CO2

POWDER

FOAM

Fire Extinguishers

When faced with a fire, you must make some split second decisions:

Do I need help?

Fire Extinguishers
Are the capabilities of this extinguisher sufficient for the size of the fire? Does the fuel source make the fire too hazardous for this extinguisher?

Is the extinguisher the proper type for this type of fire?

Is there a safe way to turn off or remove the fuel source?

Do environmental conditions indicate that fighting this type of fire would endanger others or me?

Fire Fighting
Procedure Raise the alarm. Select the suitable fire extinguisher close to you and try it before going close to fire. Check wind direction (use the wind to protect yourself).

 Fight fire at flames base. Do not waste the fire extinguisher. Never turn your back after extinguishing a fire. Cool the area with water. Ask yourself: Can I handle it? Where can the fire extend?

Fire Fighting Starvation

Prevents more fuel from feeding it

Smothering
Stops oxygen to reach fire

Cooling
Interrupts combustion process
After the fire, always cool down the area!

How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

WATER CO2 POWDER FOAM

P.A.S.S. Method
Pull the pin
This will allow you to squeeze the handle in order to discharge the extinguisher

P.A.S.S. Method
Aim at the base of the fire
Aiming at the middle will do no good. The agent will pass through the flames.

P.A.S.S. Method
Squeeze the handle
This will release the pressurized extinguishing agent

P.A.S.S. Method
Sweep from side to side
Cover the entire area that is on fire. Continue until fire is extinguished. Keep an eye on the area for re-lighting.

Golden Rules For Tackling Fires : Do not tackle anything larger than the size of a waste paper bin.
If youre not sure which extinguisher to use ~ Abandon, raise the alarm and evacuate the scene

CLOTHING ON

Stop Drop Wrap Roll

Stage 3 Contain

Containing a Fire

Close all doors and windows on your way out

Only if it is safe to do so
Switch off all machineries and electrical equipment

Stage 4 - Evacuate

Remember Fire and Emergency exit signs are coloured green and white Follow these signs to lead you to your nearest emergency exit and ultimately an assembly point

or

Evacuation - If Safe to do so
During evacuation in order to delay the fire spreading ensure that doors and windows are closed and that any machinery or equipment that may present a danger to fire fighters is turned off Evacuation must take place in an orderly manner as undue haste or panic can jeopardise lives

Fire Drills
Reasons to evacuate the buildings Regular fire drills can help you prepare you for those unexpected events Helping to prevent injury and save lives

Fire Drills
The fire drill procedure is that a member of staff twice a year sets off the fire alarm system and

Monitors how long it takes the full building to evacuate.

This is useful as then people become Aware of the fire alarm sound What to do?

Where to go?

Fire Drills
It allows the fire wardens practice in ensuring that they clear their designated areas to ensure everyone is out of the building. In a fire drill, employees are expected to evacuate the building and Go to their designated fire assembly point.

Fire Drills Head Count

It is simply a check to ensure everyone is present and out of the building.

If people sign in and out in a register then the register should be taken to the assembly point and all staff ticked off to state they are out of the building.
If there are people missing then this list would go to the fire brigade.

How to conduct a fire drill?

Planning

Divide the whole area into as many fire wardens available.

Designate a fire warden to each area.

An extra fire warden to keep an eye on things outside. Write out an escape plans. Announce staff that there will be a fire drill. Pass out sheets that have instructions and information regarding exits and assembly point.

How to conduct a fire drill?

The Drill Choose a day and time for your drill. Notify the fire department if relevant. Ring the fire alarm on the set day. Proceed exactly as you would in the event of fire. The fire department should be called immediately. (Imitate)

How to conduct a fire drill?

The Drill Begin the evacuation of staff. Each fire warden should immediately proceed to his group and move them to the outside. Carryout a head count. When all employees evacuated, fire marshal should stay with them and notify the fire marshal that everyone has left.

Lift Elevator Use

Do not use as a means of escape

Use stairs only. Signs to this effect should be positioned clearly next to lifts

Special needs personnel may rely on a lift but only if it was designed specifically as an evacuation lift with a protected power supply. This routine would be developed in conjunction with the Fire Service

EVAC CHAIR USE Personnel may be instructed in the use of chairs specially designed for moving down stairs safely temporarily or permanently special needs personnel

FIRE SAFETY SIGNS

Any premises where fire safety legislation applies, must be provided with fire safety signs which comply with the Health & Safety and Signals Regulations 1996

FIRE SAFETY SIGNS COLOURS

Under the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations 1996, sign colours have specific meanings: RED used for identification and location of all fire-fighting equipment GREEN is used to indicate all doors, exits and routes on emergency escape routes BLUE mandatory sign instruction specific behaviour or action

Firefighting Red Equipment Signs

GREEN FIRE SIGNS ARE DIRECTIONAL MEANING OF DIRECTIONAL ARROWS

Directional arrows clarify routes to the final exit. All fire exit signs should have appropriate arrows until a place of relative safety is reached

Common Blue Mandatory Fire Signs

Visibility of Signs

All fire safety signs should be of sufficient size and positioned so that they are conspicuous and legible within the ambient environment

All fire safety signs should be adequately illuminated at all material times. In condition of poor natural light (daylight) it may be necessary to provide direct illumination, or the use of photo luminescent signs may be appropriate

Fire Prevention
Prevention is based on eliminating or minimizing one of the components of the Fire Triangle.
Oxygen

Fuel
Oxygen

Oxygen

Heat Source

Oxygen

Prevention
Other fire prevention methods include: Heat and/or smoke detectors. Automatic fire sprinkler systems. Kitchen hood systems. Building codes and materials. Flame retardant furnishings and materials.

Prevention

General storage of combustibles Good housekeeping practices Electrical equipment

Smoking strategy - shelter

Alarm and detection systems

End of Day Checks

Ensure that:

The building is secured at the end of each working day

Doors and windows are secure

No combustible material is left lying around

No unauthorised people are on the premises Alarms are switched on External lighting is switched on Flammable liquids are locked in the proper store

If trained and safe :Use the fire alarm Fight the fire with the extinguishers provided but do not put yourself in danger Keep between the fire and the way out, so that you can get out safely Leave the building Report to assembly point Roll call

Thank you for Listening

Michael Miotk TechIOSH