CCB/CBB 3033
ADVANCED TRANSPORT
PROCESSES /
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
5. Mass Transport
Lesson 24: Introduction to Mass Transport
Course Outcomes
CLO Explain the theoretical aspect of
1
momentum,
mass
and
energy
transport
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
2
methodology in analyzing momentum
transfer problem
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
3
methodology in analyzing heat transfer
problem
CLO Apply
mathematical
and
numerical
4
methodology in analyzing mass transfer
problem
CLO Analyze and solve transport phenomena
5
using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Semester May
2013
Lesson outcomes
At the end of the lesson the student should be able to
Lesson 24. Introduction to Mass transport
Explain the principle of mass transfer.
Formulate the Concentration distribution for diffusion
through stagnant gas film.
Overview
Molecular transport/diffusion is the movement of
individual molecules through fluid by means of
random motion of the molecules. (random-walk
process)
Overview
Modes of mass transfer:
1. Diffusion
a. Molecular diffusion
b. Knudsen diffusion. ( gas )
2. Convection.
Diffusion is more complicated than viscous flow or heat
conduction because we deal with mixtures( more than one
component)
Mass Transport Equation Ficks Law
How a steady state concentration profile
for the diffusion of helium (A) through
fused silica (B) builds. The symbol A
stands for the mass fraction of helium,
and A0 is the solubility of helium in
fused silica.
Mass Transport Equation Ficks Law
At steady state
A0 0
A
Y
d A
j Ay DAB
dy
j A D AB A
wAy
DAB
Ficks first law of diffusion
wAy The mass flow of A in positive y direction
A Mass fraction of helium, A0 Solubility of helium in
fused silica, Mass concentration
jAy The molecular mass flux of helium in positive y direction
DAB The diffusivity of silica-helium system
Divergence, div
x y z
Diffusivity, DAB
Gas Pairs
Diffusivity, DAB
Liquid Mixture
Diffusivity, DAB
Solid
Ficks law of diffusion for binary mixtures
The basic equation for Ficks law for an isobaric and
isothermal system is :
j Ay DAB
d A
dy
A = the mass fraction of A
jAy [=] kg/m2s Molecular (diffusive) mass flux in y
direction
DAB[=] m2/s.. Diffusivity
11
Molar & Mass Flux
The previously discussed Ficks Law of diffusion
was given in terms of mass units, in general:
when chemical reactions are involved, molar units
are preferred
When the diffusion equations are solved together
with the equation of motion, mass units are usually
preferred.
Therefore it is necessary to be familiar with both
12
Molar & Mass Flux
The mass concentration is defined as the mass of
species per unit volume of solution
m
V
The mass fraction is defined as the mass of species
per unit volume of the solution divided by the total
mass of all species per unit volume of solution.
The mass flux
j Ay DAB
d A
dy
13
Molar & Mass Flux
The molar concentration c is defined as the number of
moles of species per unit volume of solution.
c
M
M molecular weight
The molar fraction x is defined as the number of moles of
species per unit volume of solution divided by the total
number of moles of all species per unit volume of solution.
c
x
c
c c
J Ay cDAB
dx A
dy
The molar flux
14
Molar & Mass Flux
Comparison of mass flux and molar flux formula
The mass flux
j Ay DAB
The molar flux
d A
dy
J Ay cDAB
15
dx A
dy
The convective mass flux
Convective mass flux of component A c Av**
Av A B vB
A
Av A B vB
A n A nB
Convective Molar Flux of Component A A n A nB
v** Mass average velocity
16
The convective molar flux
Convective molar flux of component A c Av*
cA
c Av A cB vB
c
cA
c Av A cB vB
c
xA N A N B
Convective Molar Flux of Component A x A N A N B
17
Combined Mass Flux
Combined Mass Flux of species A in z-direction is given by :
n Az j Az A n Az nBz
n Az DAB
A
A n Az nBz
z
Molecular flux
Resulting from
concentration
gradient
Convective flux
Resulting from the bulk
motion of the fluid
Similarly for species B:
B
nBz DBA
B n Az nBz
z
18
Combined Molar Flux
Combined Molar Flux of species A in z-direction is given by :
N Az J Az x A N Az N Bz
N Az cDAB
x A
x A N Az N Bz
z
Molecular flux
Resulting from
concentration
gradient
Convective flux
Resulting from the bulk
motion of the fluid
Similarly for species B:
N Bz
xB
cDBA
xB N Az N Bz
z
19
Lesson outcomes
At the end of the lesson the student should be able to
Lesson 24. Introduction to Mass transport
Explain the principle of mass transfer.
Formulate the Concentration distribution for diffusion
through stagnant gas film.
20
