How does

Petroleum Development Oman

manage Road-Safety ?
An Overview
Dec/02

How does PDO manage Road Safety: an overview

Contents/topics of this presentation:

Dec/02

Introduction slides: statistics and RTAs

Road safety management: threats and controls
Details: In Vehicle Monitoring Systems
Details: PDOs new Defensive Driving Program
Details: Safe Journey Management
Details: Night Driving
Details: the Vehicle
Details: RAS (Roadworthiness Assurance System)
Details: Road Safety Monitoring Teams
Details: the Rules: know, understand and follow them
Details: rollovers
Details: traffic laws reckless driving penalties
Details: load restraint
Details: RS actions required at a National Level

Road transport in the world

Road transport is the backbone of

modern society & economy:

Dec/02

Fast
Comfortable & convenient
Provides communication links
Generates jobs & income
It is fun
It is essential
We can not & do not want to live without it

Road transport in the world

Road transport was the number 9 killer

in 1990 and will be number 3 in 2020:

Dec/02

2500 die on the road every day

same as 6 full 747s every day
25-35% pedestrians
10-20% children under 15
cost: 1 billion US$ every day
the suffering is NOT measurable
this is a world wide problem
4

Oman: 614 fatalities in 1998, 499 in 2001

Oman Road Fatalities & Vehicle Numbers (1970-2001)
700

600,000

Fatalities
Tot N Vehicles

500,000

500

400,000

400
300,000

300

200,000

200

100,000

100
0

0
2000

1998

1996

1994

1992

1990

1988

1986

1984

1982

1980

1978

1976

1974

1972

1970

Dec/02

Vehicles

Fatalities

600

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

RTAs / Million Km

Road Traffic Accidents per Million Km driven

Dec/02

Imp
rov
ing

BUT !
6

PDO & Contractors: Road Safety Performance

1998

1999

2000

2001

Millions km driven

149

116

118

123

Road Accidents

231

144

158

160

Rollovers

51

32

43

33

Dead

10

2002:

8+1ptd

4 Dead
5 LTIs

Road Safety: 40% of the LTIs (Lost Time Injury)

90% of the Fatalities
Dec/02

Private car: 2 Dead (5/Mar/2001)

Eid Holidays: 2 man drove
from Yibal to Muscat after a
12 hr shift. Slept a few hours
and drove back to Yibal.
Straight road near Nizwa

Dec/02

They died in a high speed rollover on their way back to

Yibal.
They were not wearing their
seatbelts.

20/Nov/2001: Fatality + LTI

Blacktop road Fahud- Nizwa

Rules not followed:

- JM for trips >20 km
- Speed limit
- RAS inspection
- No PDO driving permit
Dec/02

!
!
r
e
v
o
l
l
o
R

Private car: 1 Dead (13/Feb/02)

Nahada - Fahud road at night Bilal al Hosni was 44 yrs old.
He was a father of 6 children
He did NOT wear his seatbelt
He sat ON it ! He rolled over.
He paid with
his life.

Bilal worked
as a gardener
in Fahud.
He provided a taxi service after a full
days work. He probably fell asleep at
01.00 hrs am on the road to Fahud

Dec/02

10

RTA Fatality 3-Apr-2002

What happened?:
Truck delivering line pipe to Fahud. Driver probably fell
asleep. Went straight of off the road, rolled-over and
jack-knifed. Cabin completely crushed.

Result:

Driver dead
Family lost their father
Lost truck

Learning:

JM plan NOT followed

STOP when tired
Dec/02

11

RTA Fatality 24-May-2002

What happened?:
High bed trailer transporting a mobile crane which. Driver brakes
hard for potholes in the road. Crane brakes loose from its chains
and crashes into
the cabin killing
the driver.

Result:

Driver dead
Lost truck

Learning:

Poor load
restraint
Wrong trailer
Dec/02

12

Stop the killing on our roads

Key Road Safety Problems in Oman:

Dec/02

Speeding
Driver behaviour (overtaking, tailgating)
Young drivers
Driver training and testing
Impaired drivers: fatigue
Dangerous road locations
Pedestrians
Passenger protection (rear seat belts, children)
Rescue system (communications, ambulances)

13

Stop the killing on our roads

Key Road Safety Problems in PDO:

Dec/02

Speeding
Driver behaviour
Other road users
Lack of Defensive Driving Skills
Impaired drivers: fatigue
Journey Management
Load restraint practices
Management of (sub)-contractors
Use of private vehicles in the interior

14

There is no magic bullet in the

combat against road accidents.
Dick Twilhaar SPE article 6/2000

A road safety program must be:

- A multi pronged attack
- A long-term effort
Dec/02

15

Oman & PDO: Changing driving environment:

Oman: more vehicles, more drivers, more roads, more dead

1980: 100.000 Veh
400 Fatalities
1990: 225.000 Veh.
375 Fatalities
1999: 450.000 Veh.
600 Fatalities

PDOs infrastructure is changing

(from graded only to graded & blacktop):
1990: 60 km Blacktop (Fahud - Yibal)
1999: 500 km Blacktop
2005: 850 km Blacktop

Dec/02

16

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Accidents are caused by threats created by
(In order of importance):

The
The

driver
other road users

The roads and the environment

The transport operation

The vehicle

The vehicle load/passengers

What follows is an overview of activities PDO currently

has in place to control these threats?

Dec/02

17

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

The transport
system
Other Road
Users
The Driver

Vehicle &
Load

Roads &
Environment

Accidents are caused by threats created by:

Dec/02

18

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The driver

Dec/02

Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

Driver lack of competence (skill/knowledge)
Driver fatigue
Driver mental stress
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision
Driver disoriented (brain cramp)
Driver alcohol/drugs/medicine
Driver loss of concentration (misc. reasons)
19

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The driver

Defensive Driving Courses: Driver competency assurance

IVMS/DMS strategy: improving driver behavior
Road Safety Monitoring Teams: 3 teams in interior
Clear rules and specifications: SP-2000
Safe Journey Management requirements
No Night driving rules
Strong awareness campaigns:
Posters, Videos, Stickers
Presentations
Campaigns

Dec/02

Hearts+Minds Road Safety Road Show : 99 & 2001

Violation disciplinary rules: PDO & Police
Minimum age: 21 years old.
Speed limiters on all vehicles.

20

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The other road users

Driver poor behavior (reckless, speed, maneuvers)

Dec/02

Driver lack of competence

Driver fatigue
Driver loss of concentration (stress, alcohol, distracted, etc.)
Driver physical fitness
Driver poor vision

Animals (camels, goats, donkeys)

Behavior of pedestrians

21

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The other road users

Dec/02

Yearly GCC Road Safety Week Campaign organised by

PDO and distributed through Shell/BP/Al-Maha petrol stations
Formulating National Road Safety Plan workshop held 4/2001
attended by Police and Ministries involved in Road Safety
Interior awareness campaigns: Villages, Schools and Loacal Community
Contractors
Regular contacts with National and local Police
DDC: Defensive Driving Course for our drivers

22

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The roads + environment

Dec/02

Obstruction (permanent/mobile: stones, equipment)

Poor road maintenance
Poor road design
Poor visibility (dust, fog, rain)
Poor visibility (night)
Rain (slippery road/wadis)
Objects above road; height restrictions
Steep gradients
Off road hazards
Wind forces
Heat & dehydration

23

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The roads + environment

Dec/02

No Night Driving policy

MAF/RAH Road Safety Panel: reviews all proposals in MAF
industrial area.
Blacktopping of all major roads (500 km done, 300 km
outstanding)
Condition based maintenance of graded roads: resheeting/grading
Road condition reporting by drivers: feed-back to
repair/maintenance.
Rationalizing Road signs
Dust code: no over taking, get off the road when dust cloud
coming towards you, lights on on graded roads.
24

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The transport operation

Dec/02

Poor supervision
Logistics: unnecessary kms
Logistics: non-optimum fleet management
Documentation unclear

25

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The transport operation

Road Transport Safety Program = Road transport HSE case

Dec/02

Rewrite of the HSE case based on bow-tie treath/control concept

Make it understandable to the users/drivers
Ranking and gap analysis of controls
Test HSE case against every RTA
Review by outside party (NSC/TRL)

KM reduction: organisation of primary/secondary logistics

26

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The vehicle

Dec/02

Poor Tires: selection/pressure/condition

Poor vehicle condition/maintenance
(major maintenance)
Poor checks and minor maintenance to vehicle
(tyre change,oil/water check,battery acid, hot
parts,rotating parts,hydraulic pressure)
Inappropriate for the task

27

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The vehicle

PDO Vehicle specifications:

Interior: 190 mm ground clearance, rollbars, high intesity rear lights.
First aid kits, triangles, AC, seatbelts on all seats, airbags, ABS breaks.

Dec/02

Tire specifications, inspections

Pre-mobilsation inspections for all vehicles.
Daily vehicle checks and defect reporting systems
Monthly vehicles safety inspections/maintenance
Yearly MOT type inspection by third party inspection
agencies (RAS: Roadworthiness Assurance System).
Journey Management systems (trip/vehicle authorisation)
Road Safety Monitoring Teams: road side vehicle inspections.
Use of 2WD instead of 4WD: low center of gravity
28

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Threats: The load/passengers

Dec/02

Overloaded/instability weight and distribution

Bulk liquids movable weight
Loads not correctly secured
Oversized loads
Load securing means working at height, chains, cheater
bars, load binders
Hazardous nature of the load chemicals,gases, radiation,
high or low temperature,pressurised
Passengers as "load"
Dis/embarking, trips,height
29

Road Safety Management: Threats and Controls

Road Safety Controls: The load/passengers

Dec/02

Load restraining procedures/specifications/competence

requirements (SP/2001)
Weigh bridges and inspections of loads before release.
RSMT and ROP road side checks
Specialist Defensive Driving courses for bus and tanker
drivers.
Mandatory seatbelt for all passengers
Journey Management procedures: vehicle/driver
selection.

30

Details: IVMS/DMS

Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS:
DMS:
Dec/02

In Vehicle Monitoring System

Driver Merit System
31

Details: IVMS/DMS
Why IVMS/DMS ??

Influence driver behavior

Less RTAs:
Reduce $$$ loss
Reduce Suffering

======================================================

Dec/02

Trials (Syria & PDO): significant improvement driver

behavior
Improves Safe Journey Management policing
Provides data for accident investigation
32

Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS/DMS: What is it?

IVMS

DMS
Dec/02

33

Details: IVMS/DMS
PDO Pilot results Oct/00-Jan/01: it works !!!
% o f V io latio n s

Speeding 80/100 km/h zone

40.00%
30.00%

Speeding 100
km/h zone
Speeding 80 km/h
zone

20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
1

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Weeks

% of Violations

HA / HB / SB / Li OFF
40.00%
Harsh Acceleration

30.00%

Harsh Braking

20.00%

Seat-belt OFF
Li OFF

10.00%
0.00%
1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Weeks

Dec/02

34

Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS Cost: Much higher than estimated in 2001
HSE-SC 6/2001

11/2002

Once of installation cost:

500-1,000 US$/vehicle

1,570$/vehicle
(1,200 $ downward potential)

30- 50,000

$ infrastructure

Annual cost:
150-250 US$/vehicle/yr
(Admin, data download,
driver feedback)

100-250 US$/driver
(merit prizes)

500 $/vehicle/year

(250 $ downward potential??)

100-250 $/driver/year

**: Downward potential: no auto download & organization structure strategy

Dec/02

35

Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS Cost for 464 PDO vehicles (N, S & C):
One off investment: 880,000 $
Operations ( 3.5 yr):
628,000 $
Prizes (3.5 yr, 900 drivers @ 250 $/yr):
750,000 $
=========
Total:
2,258,000 $
Over 3 year:
4,800 $/veh
MD review 26/Oct: - Rejected: cost high, risk low
- Prepare high risk proposal
at lower total expenditure

Dec/02

36

Details: IVMS/DMS
Cost comparison of PDO Road Safety activities:
PDO/Contractors: 12,000 drivers / 6,000 vehicles

DDC Courses ($3,400K one off + $800K/year)

$65/driver/yr

3 RSMT teams ($540K/year)

$90/vehicle/yr

Yearly RAS inspections ($300K/year)

$50/vehicle/yr

CSM/1 staff & campaigns (1,000,000$/year)

$80/driver/yr

Vehicle tracking (for Security):

$1,400/veh one off + $300$/veh/yr (over 3 years)
150 vehicles in M/N/B/QA

= $770/vehicle/yr

IVMS/DMS ($880K one off + $628K/yr + $750K/yr

over 3.5 year)

=$1,370/vehicle/yr

Dec/02

37

Details: IVMS/DMS
IVMS/DMS: strategy considerations

High cost
The only technology that measures and influences
behavior of the uncontrolled driver
Trials in PDO and Syria successful
Option: Do nothing
we will NOT get any experience

Option: Implement on small scale

get experience
relatively small cost
select high risk operations in direct PDO control
with experience and over time find lower cost options for larger scale
implementation
positive example for contractors
Dec/02

38

Details of PDOs new

Defensive Driving Program
Dec/02

39

Defensive Driving Courses: details

RTA analysis: problem areas
Played role
in acc no:

Young inexperienced drivers

Other road users
Defensive driving
Blacktop instead of graded road

3x
5x
10x
10x

Better Defensive Driving skills / Behavior

awareness could have mitigated these incidents
Dec/02

40

Defensive Driving Courses: details

OLD PDO Driver Training:

Coast:

Interior:

8 hrs Interior Driver Skills course every 3 years

No medical testing (vision/reactions)
Strong emphasis on graded/off road

Problems:

Dec/02

Only for young drivers (below 25 yrs): 8 hrs defensive driving

Others: None
No medical checks (vision/reactions)

Does not address the changed environment

Too infrequent
Concentrates on skills rather than behaviour/attitude
No/very little competence assurance

41

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Driver Competence Assurance Redesign: timing

Dec/02

Data collection phase, options review

Sept/00
Workshop with NSC + Training Institutes Oct/00
Complete new concept + implications
Nov/00
Director endorsement framework
Nov & March
Courses detailed design
Jan-April/01
Stakeholder consultation
11/March/01
Train the trainers
May-June/01
Modify training contracts
April-June/01
Implement new program
1/July/01
12,000 drivers to attend
Jul/01-July/03

42

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Defensive Driving Course (DDC) development:

Defensive Driving Modules:

Why NSC?

Dec/02

Base design as per NSC (National Safety Council, International SC)

Heavily emphasise behaviour/attitude change of driver
Teach Defensive Driving techniques
Omanise with major input from OTI/NTI/TATI
Accreditation of training providers by NSC
3 days Train the Trainers and accreditation by NSC

Common standard by all training providers

External accreditation of Local Companies by recognised body
Non-commercial entity: low cost material and updates
Internationally recognised as one of the leaders in Defensive Driving
Since 1963: 45 million people trained

43

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Principles Behind New Programme:

Dec/02

Shift emphasis to defensive driving techniques

Incorporate attitude and behavioural aspects
Harness strengths of existing courses and combine with
expertise from international organisation
Ensure courses meet needs of entire target audience
Build in robust and consistent practical assessment

44

Defensive Driving Courses: details

AIM OF THE
DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE:

To minimise death, injury and damage resulting from Road Traffic Incidents

Dec/02

45

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Basic Starting program:

2 Day DDC
: one off (no renewal)
1/2 Day Graded/Off-Road: one off (no renewal)

Assessment/Refresher program:

Yearly Professional Assessment Drive (1 to 1)

Only for those that have attended the DDC
Failed assessment: go back to DDC

For future review:

Dec/02

Option of Supervisory Assessment:

Refresher for DDC (after 3 yrs ??):

Q1/2002
Q1/2003

46

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Driver Competence Assurance Framework

DDC Light Vehicle

Blacktop Roads

DDC Heavy Vehicle

Blacktop Roads

2 days (one off)

2 days (one off)

Bus
1/2 day
(one off)

+
Dec/02

Yearly:

Graded
1/2 day
(one off)

Tanker
1/2 day
(one off)

Professional Assessment Drive

Test on knowledge of PDO-Rules
47

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Defensive Driving Course Structure
Day 1 (class room)
Module:

Dec/02

Hearts and Minds

Driver Condition
Common Driving Errors
The Driving Environment
See and Survive
Vehicle Control
The Driving Plan
Vehicle Safety Systems

Day 2 (class/road)
class
Module:

Before You Drive

Demonstration Drive
Seat Belt Convincer
Tutored Driving Practice
Practical Assessment
Driver Commitment (includes
written/oral test)

48

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Classroom Instruction

Dec/02

49

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Vision testing

Dec/02

50

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Vehicle Check
Dec/02

51

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Roll-over
simulator

Dec/02

52

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Demonstration-drive
by instructor

Tutored drive
Assessment drive
Dec/02

53

Defensive Driving Courses: details

Defensive Driving Course Practical Assessment:

Dec/02

In car checks
Observation / scanning / use of mirrors
Hazard awareness
Speed and Distance
Information (given/taken)
Junctions
Stopped in traffic
Positioning
Braking
Gear
Acceleration
Leaves way out

54

Safe Journey
Management
Dec/02

55

Safe Journey Management

Dec/02

What ?
Why ?
When ?
How ?
Who ?
56

Safe Journey Management

What ?

A system for planning, authorising and

closing out journeys

Why ?

To reduce the risk of accidents and enable

emergency response (man lost)

When ?

All journeys except journeys within towns,

within 20km of a work site etc

How?

Safe Journey Manager completes Journey

Plan, gives copy to driver

Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

Dec/02

57

Safe Journey Management

Who ? Responsibilities:
Authorising
Person

Guarantees the integrity of the Safe

Journey Management system.
The Authorising Person shall be a
Senior or Middle Manager.

Safe Journey
Manager

Planning, monitoring and analysis of the

journey and initiating emergency response
procedures. The SJ Manager shall have
completed the SJM course.

Driver

Responsible for vehicle, passengers

and load and driving according to the
journey plan.

Dec/02

58

Safe Journey Management

Authorises
Journey
Management
System
Reduces the
risks to ALARP

Guarantees
Integrity of JM
System
Assures
competence of JM
and Driver

The Authorizing SJM Person

Dec/02

59

Safe Journey Management

Planning,
monitoring
and analysis
of a journey
Initiates
emergency
procedures

Responsible for
planning return/
onward journey
Remains responsible for
vehicle and driver until
return to home base

Dec/02

The Safe Journey Manager

60

Safe Journey Management

te
u
o
R
ng
i
n
n
Pla

Operations

W
Co ea
nd t he
iti r
on
s

What should a Journey Manager

know about ?
Drivers

Vehicles
ea
r
A

Road
ns
Conditio
Dec/02

Com

mu
nic
at

ion
s
61

Safe Journey Management

The Safe Journey Manager: Skills and attributes

Dec/02

Authority
Competence: must have completed the SJM
course
Familiarity with the Driving Environment
Local Knowledge
Recognition

62

Safe Journey Management

Dec/02

The Safe Journey Plan

63

Night Driving
Dec/02

64

Night Driving
PRINCIPLE:
PDO and Contractor personnel
shall not drive
on graded or blacktop roads, or off road,
outside of the Muscat Capital
or other urban areas during the night.

Dec/02

65

Night Driving

Why not?
The drivers
of these
vehicles all
collided with

camels in
the dark

Dec/02

66

Night Driving
Exceptions to the Rule:
Risk vs cost - night driving can be authorised if:
Production loss: > 150m3 nett oil
Unplanned operational costs: > US$15,000. Journey camp/camp: <5 km
Journey camp/worksite: <5km
Journey camp/worksite on 24 hour ops (Rig, hoist): <15km
Emergencies
Planned Long distance Cargo Haulage using HGVs
Long distance Crew Changes using a heavy bus
Well Services Hoist moves convoy (slow): up to 60km
Dec/02

67

Night Driving

For any night driving a planning effort is always

required in order to reduce the risk to as low as
reasonably practicable (ALARP)

Always apply Safe Journey Management

Dec/02

68

The Vehicle
Dec/02

69

Vehicle Specification
Specification for the vehicle:

Vehicle types:
Light (LV):
max 4000 kg kerb (=MT) & max 8 passengers
Heavy Goods (HGV): >4000 kg kerb
Bus:
Light
= 9-25 passengers
Heavy
= 26 or more passengers
Trailer:
towed by a motor vehicle

NOT a vehicle but PLANT:

Cranes and handling equipment (forklifts)
Earthmoving & construction equipment (graders, bulldozers, etc)

Each vehicle type has specifications for:

Base spec: for blacktop roads
Additional requirements for: graded roads
Additional requirements for: off-road

Dec/02

70

Vehicle Specification
Specification for Light Vehicle (main items):

Base Spec (blacktop):

Seatbelts for all seats (3-Point in front and rear outside seats)
Luggage space separated from passengers
ABS & 2 airbags for new vehicles registered after 1/Sept/2001
First Aid kit
- Fire extinguisher
No bull-bar
- Hazard triangle
Radio/cassette
- Air Conditioning

Add requirements Graded Roads:

Rollover bar
2 high intensity rear lights

- 190 mm ground clearance

- 2nd spare tyre

Add requirements Off-Road:

4WD with limited slip or diff-lock

Dec/02

71

RAS
Dec/02

72

RAS
The NEED for:
Roadworthiness Assurance Standards

Dec/02

73

RAS
Roadworthiness Assurance Standards
Managing: Maintenance & inspection of vehicles
to ensure their roadworthiness.
All vehicles used in PDO Operations shall
comply with RAS.
Contractors & PDO must comply with RAS:
Only use Vehicles (and sub-contract vehicles) which meet PDO
Specifications, Vehicles maintained to RAS standard throughout
the year, and that are RAS stickered annually.

Dec/02

74

RAS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS:
1: RAS Inspection
by RAS Approved companies & inspectors
a) RAS sticker prior to commencing work on Contract
b) annual renewal

Purpose: ensure vehicle complies with PDO standards.

Validity: RAS sticker issued for 12 months
Stickers: 1) Blacktop only 2) Blacktop & Graded
Currently 29 RAS Inspection stations

2: Monthly Safety Check

by owner in his workshops or by dealer
Purpose: maintain vehicles to RAS compliant standards throughout
year; between annual RAS inspections.
Concern: Are these being done? AUDIT!

Dec/02

75

RAS
MAIN REQUIREMENTS:
3: Daily Checks
by the driver, against a written/pictorial list
Purpose: spot and report defects for corrective action.
Concern: Are these being carried out?

4: RANDOM CHECKS
by Road Safety Monitoring Teams (RSMT)
at roadside or workshop
random compliance check against PDO vehicle and RAS
maintenance standards.

Dec/02

76

RAS
RESPONSIBILITIES:

RAS Approved Inspection Companies:

CSM/1 responsible for their competence and work quality.
Checked at least annually; more frequently if quality problems arise;
suspension.

Contractor Vehicle Standards:

CHs to act on RSMT defect reports.
Ensure defects are rectified/closed out .

Dec/02

Audit/Review performance with contractor.

CHs to audit Drivers Daily Checks
CHs to audit Monthly Safety Checks
Audit compliance with the Standards requirements.

77

RAS
TOOLS to Assist Contract Holder:

Dec/02

RSMT Reports: Category A, B, C, D, contractor

specific, illustrates level of compliance with RAS
RSMT with CH/CSR do vehicle maintenance systems
audits/inspections at contractor vehicle workshops.
Schedule through CSM/51.
RSMT issues audit/inspection report with advice on
correcting deficiencies.
Full RAS details: TSM - Equipment Section (soon
replaced by SP-2000).
Full RSMT reports: Drive to Survive web on SWW &
WWW
78

RAS: It is on the web

Dec/02

Where to find RAS Information on the web

79

RAS: It is on the web

List of approved contractors who are authorised to declare vehicles are roadworthy in accordance to Transport Standard Manual (TSM)
ROADWORTHINESS ASSURANCE STANDARDS
Rev: 26 November 2001

Dec/02

No Company Name

Workshop
Location

Light

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Al Turki Ent.
Al Turki Ent.
Arabian Engineering Services
Arabian Engineering Services
Arabian Engineering Services
Arabian Engineering Services
Bahwan Engineering Company BEC
Veritas Geophysical Services
Galfar Engineering & Contracting
Galfar Engineering & Contracting
Galfar Engineering & Contracting
Halliburton Worldwide
MB Petroleum Services
MB Petroleum Services

Muscat (Ghala)
Nimr
Fahud
Lekhwair
Muscat (Ghala)
Q. Alam
Muscat (Ghala)
Interior Mobile
Marmul
Muscat (Ghala)
Yibal
Fahud
Bahja
Nimr

L
L
L
L

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

Mohsin Haider Darwish

Oasis Trading & Equipment Co.
Ofsat LLC
Oman Trading Establishment (OTE)
Oman Trading Establishment (OTE)
SATA LLC
Schlumberger Overseas
Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB)
Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB)
Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB)
Suhail & Saud Bahwan (SSB)
Truckoman
Truckoman
Western Geco
Zubair Automotive

Muscat (Azaiba)
Muscat (Ghala)
Fahud
Fahud
Muscat (Ghala)
Muscat (Ghala)
Fahud
Marmul at Nimr Road
Marmul inside PDO
Mawalei
Muscat (Watayah)
Muscat (Qurm)
Nimr
Interior Mobile
Muscat (Azaiba)

L
L
L
L
L

L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L
L

Heavy Eqpmt Own/Other Expires

H
H

E
E

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H

H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H

E
E
E
E
E

E
E
E

H
H
H
H
H

E
E
E

Address

Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other

30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02

P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 112

P. O. Box 2803, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3000, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 703, Ruwi - 112
P.O.Box 100, P.C 116
P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 113
P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 113
P. O. Box 533, Muscat - 113
P. O. Box 81, Mina Al Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 111
P. O. Box 695, Muttrah - 111

Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own+Other
Own
Own+Other

30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
31-Dec-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02
30-Jun-02

P. O. Box 880, Ruwi - 112

P. O. Box 2, Jibroo - 114
P. O. Box 138, Seeb Airport - 111
P.O.Box 175, P.C.117
P.O.Box 175, P.C.117
P. O. Box 814, Muscat - 113
P. O. Box 25 , Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 3168, Ruwi - 112
P. O. Box 367, Mina Al Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 367, Mina Al Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 14, Mina Al-Fahal - 116
P. O. Box 800, CPO Muscat - 111

List of RAS authorized inspection companies

80

RAS: It is on the web

RAS
Drivers
Daily
Vehicle
Checklist

Dec/02

81

RSMT

Road Safety Monitoring Team

Dec/02

82

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

The need for the RSMT

Dec/02

83

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

Three RSM Teams:
Based in: Nimr, Qarn Alam, Fahud.
One team rotates to MAF/RAH-Coast as required.
Team members have a mechanical/workshop
supervisors background.

Dec/02

Contract Holder: CSM/51

84

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

RSMT Scope of Work/Tasks & Targets:

Random vehicle & driver checks/coaching at roadside and

workshops (600 to 700 per month).
Follow up on defect close outs noted from above
Vehicle Workshop/Maintenance System audits (with CH/CSR)
Technical RTA investigation assistance when requested
Safety Campaigns: Road Safety Presentations
Facilitating Drivers Forums
Pre-mobilisation vehicle inspections on request of CH
RAS Approved Contractor audits for CSM/1

RSMT: Counsel and Advise

Dec/02

85

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

RSMT REPORTING:

Data from checklists is processed

& categorised by:

Contractor,
Asset/Area
Fault category

Reported weekly, monthly, quarterly

Monthly reports to Contract Holder
All reports available published on RSMT pages
on the Drive to Survive website (SWW & WWW)

Dec/02

86

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

Non-Compliance Categories on RSMT reports:
A: Serious mechanical defects that impact
safe operation of the vehicle
Immediate rectification required

B: Vehicle specifications or less serious faults.

Three days to comply

C: Driver Dangerous Driving

Counselling, reporting

D: Non Compliance with PDO Procedures

no RAS sticker, driver permit, Water Health Certificate, SJM.
Reported same day to PDO CH or CSR

Dec/02

87

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM

Purpose of RSMT reports:
TOOL to Assist Contract Holder in identifying:

CH Must FOLLOW UP with CONTRACTORS

Dec/02

Poor Contractor vehicle maintenance standards,

Driver (mis)-behaviour,
Non adherence to Road Safety Procedures.
Improve performance
Set pro-active targets:
eg. To reduce % of A & B defects in 2002,

88

RSMT: It is on the web

RSMT: VEHICLE SPOT CHECK LIST
DATE / LOCATION :
RSMT INSPECTOR :

RSMT Checklist
used during
road-side
inspections

REG NO :
VEHICLE MAKE :

RANDOM CHECK
Y / N
FLEET NO. :
MODEL:

VEHICLE TYPE ( CIRCLE )

LIGHT/GOODS(WITH CRANE MOUNTED),TANKER
BUS/TRAILER/MOBILE CRANE/FORKLIFT/GRADER/OTHER
TRAILER DETAILS (WHERE APPLICABLE)
REG NO. :
RAS INSPECTION DATE :
FLEET NO :
RAS INSPECTED BY :

NO :
OWNER :
CONTRACTOR :
CONTRACT HOLDER :
CONTRACT NUMBER :
RAS INSPECTION DATE :

RAS INSPECTED BY :
DRIVER NAME :
PDO PERMIT NUMBER :
REMARKS :

BLOCK - A (VEHICLE NOT TO BE USED UNTIL PROBLEM/S RECTIFIED)

NO
DESCRIPTION
STATUS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

SEAT BELTS
ROLLOVER CAGE
TYRES CONDITION
SPEED LIMITER
CRANES & MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT WITH INSPECTION OVERDUE
STEERING DEFECTS
TRANSMISSION DEFECTS
SUSPENSION
FUEL SYSTEM
BRAKING SYSTEM
OTHER SERIOUS DEFECTS

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

HIGH INTENSITY REAR LIGHTS

HEAD / REAR & BRAKE LIGHTS
GENERAL VEHICLE CONTENTS
SPARE WHEELS
WINDSCREEN, MIRRORS, SEATS
FIRST AID BOX
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
RADIO / CASSETTE
AIR CONDITIONER
HAZARD WARNING TRIANGLE
ELECTRICS

23

DANGEROUS DRIVING

DEFECTS FOUND

BLOCK - B ( TO BE RECTIFIED IN 3 DAYS )

BLOCK - C ( FOR ANY NON-COMPLIANCE, THE DRIVER TO BE COUNSELLED)

BLOCK - D ( PROCEDURAL NON COMPLIANCES,REPORTED IMMEDIATELY TO CONTRACT
HOLDER)
24

Dec/02

HEALTH CERT.(WATER) SHOC CARD (CHEMICALS)

25

JOURNEY MANAGEMENT

26

COMPANY DRIVING PERMIT

27

RAS INSPECTION STICKER

VEHICLE SPOT CHECK CLOSE OUT FORM : Please return to the RSMT (OTI Mailbox)

89

RSMT: It is on the web

Dec/02

Where to find RSMT Information on the web

90

The Rules:
Know, Understand and Follow them
Dec/02

91

Why this session ???

Colleagues have been hurt and killed because they did NOT
follow the simple ROP & PDO driving rules.
We do not want this to happen to YOU.
We want you to:
Know

Understand

Follow
the ROP & PDO road safety rules.
We want you to go home to your family safely.

Dec/02

92

The Rules for the Driver

The driver must:

check that all wear their seatbelt

have valid ROP Driving License (for vehicle type)
have a valid PDO Driving Permit (blacktop/graded)
be 21 years or older
NO alcohol, drugs or medicine
NEVER use a GSM (NOT even hands-off GSM)
be rested: max driving hours
LV: 2hrs/15min rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving
HGV: 4hrs/1hr
rest Max in 12 hr shift: 10 hrs driving
be certified medically fit every 2 yrs

Dec/02

93

The Rules for the Driver

Driver tired ???

Rest !!!

This driver fell asleep. He was lucky he survived!

Dec/02

94

The Rules for the Driver

Dec/02

Driver: NEVER use a GSM

NOT even hands-off GSM

95

The Rules for the Passenger

Rules for the passenger:

Dec/02

DO wear your seatbelt

DO NOT distract the driver
DO STOP the driver if he takes risk or violates rules
DO help the driver: point out a hazard
DO act like a buddy

96

The Rules for Driving

Rules for the journey/driving:

Dec/02

Follow ROP traffic rules

All to wear seatbelts
SPEED: Comply with max Speed limits as indicated.
Safe Journey Management (SJM) for trips over 20 km
Comply with No-Night Driving Rules
Follow the dust code
No loose passengers in cargo area
No cargo in passenger area

97

Rules for Driving: dust code

Dec/02

98

Rules for Driving: seatbelt

Dec/02

99

Rules for Driving: speed-limits

Vehicle
Type

Maximum Speed
Limit (km/hr)

Light

80 Graded
100 PDO BT
120 Gov BT
80 Graded
80 PDO BT
100 Gov BT
80 Graded
100 PDO BT
120 Gov BT
80 Graded
100 PDO BT
100 Gov BT

HGV

L Bus

H Bus

Dec/02

These
maximum
speed-limits
apply only
when there are
no signs
specifying a
lower limit!

100

Rules for Driving:

Safe Journey Management

What ?

planning, authorising & closing journeys

Why ?

reduce accidents
emergency response (man lost)

When ?

All journeys
except: within 20km range or in towns

How?

Journey Manager makes Journey Plan

Driver gets copy and follows plan

Driver rings SJM on reaching destination:

Dec/02

101

Rules for Driving:

Safe Journey Management

Dec/02

The Safe Journey Plan

102

The rules: Night Driving

PDO and Contractors

shall not drive at night
outside of the Muscat Capital
or other urban areas
Applies to : blacktop & graded
Dec/02

103

The rules: Night Driving

Why not?
These drivers
hit a

Camel
in the dark
Dec/02

104

The rules: Night Driving

Camels and
obstacles:
you will not
see them in
time!
They can end
your life.

Dec/02

Do not drive at
night !!

105

The rules: Night Driving

There can be exceptions to the Rule

but
these MUST always be

Authorised

by the responsible supervisor

He knows the exceptions!
Dec/02

106

The rules for the vehicle: RAS

Vehicle
Maintenance Checks
1: Yearly RAS Inspection
valid RAS sticker
2: Monthly Safety Check
in workshop
3: Daily Checks by DRIVER
4: Road side checks by RSMT

Dec/02

107

The rules for the vehicle

Drivers
Daily
Vehicle
Check
Use it !!!

Dec/02

108

The Rules: Summary

Know & Follow the Rules:
Seat-belts: always
NO Night Driving
Speed
Tired ?? Rest !!
Safe Journey Management
Daily Vehicle Inspections
Dust Code
The choice is yours: Drive to Survive
Dec/02

109

Rollovers

Dec/02

110

ROLLOVERS

AGAIN ?
Yes: 10 in 1 month!

Dec/02

111

Rollovers: again

Here they are:

21/Oct
26/Oct
30/Oct

9/Nov
16/Nov
18/Nov
19/Nov
20/Nov
23/Nov
24/Nov

LTI
FAC
LTI/Ptd
LTI
LTI
FAC
FAC
Dead
No inj.
FAC

Graded
Graded
Blacktop
Blacktop
Graded
Blacktop
Graded
Blacktop
Graded
Graded

Mitsubishi
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Prado
Mitsubishi
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Hilux
Toyota Prado
Toyota Prado
Isuzu
Isuzu

4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU
4WD
4WD
4WD DC-PU
4WD DC-PU

DC-PU: Double Cab Pick-Up

Dec/02

112

Rollovers: again
Straight Graded road Bahja

!
!
r
e
v
o
l
Ro l

Classic S-pattern: veered to the right, pulled left (overcorrecting) and

then pulled right again and rolled.
16/Nov LTI

Dec/02

113

Rollovers: again

Common features of these rollovers:

Speed (80 km/hr can be too fast !!)

All are 4 WD high Centre of Gravity cars
8 on straight roads
8 classic S curves:

Dec/02

driver loses concentration and veers slowly left or right

wrong steering reaction: pulls hard left/right
wrong braking reaction: brakes whilst steering

4 on blacktop roads at high speed

1 tyre blow-out, 1 junction/speed
114

Rollovers: again
4WD are great cars:
They are strong (we think)
They can go anywhere (almost)
You (almost) never get stuck
You sit high (good view)
They are powerful & feel good (macho?)
They are comfortable
They can carry a lot of load and people

BUT.

Dec/02

115

Rollovers: again

But 4WD:

Dec/02

Have a very high CoG: this means that they are more
sensitive to rollovers.
They do not brake that well: they are very heavy.
They do not steer and corner that well: they are heavy and
high.
They give a false sense of security: driver feels
invulnerable at any speed.
They are powerful and can go very fast: much too fast for
their handling ability.

116

Rollovers & Centre of Gravity

Low CoG

High CoG

Would you drive these cars in the same manner when

taking a corner or bend ??? Of course NOT !!!
4WD High CoG car: adjust your driving & speed.
Dec/02

117

Rollovers: again

When driving a 4WD:

Adjust your driving style. Combination of:

Speed
Steering: no sudden changes of direction
Braking: start braking earlier, keep more distance

Dec/02

Keep heavy loads as low as possible: NOT on the roof!

High loads make the car more unstable.
Keep loads balanced to the centre/middle.
Passengers are also load: they change the stability of
the car.

118

Rollovers: again

The classic S curve rollover:

Mistake 1: lost concentration
car moves slowly
to the right (or left)

Mistake 2: pull hard left

could roll here already

Roll?

Mistake 3: pull hard right

Roll!!

Dec/02

Mistake 4: braking & turning

at the same time
119

Rollovers: again
The classic S curve rollover:
How to avoid it !!!
Mistake:
lost concentration
car moves slowly
to the right (or left)

Good re-action:
Roll-out into the desert.
Do NOT pull your steering
Brake slowly to full STOP.
Do NOT panic.

Dec/02

wheel. Hold it tight and

straight with 2 hands.

120

Rollovers: again

How to protect yourself against rollover?

Use a 2-WD instead of a 4-WD if possible.

If you drive a 4-WD: adjust your driving.
Never make violent adjustments in
your steering & your braking,
you must avoid an uncontrolled skid.
Make sure a 4-WD has a roll-bar !!!!!
Wear your seat belts !!!!!

Your BELT can Save your LIFE

Dec/02

121

Traffic Law:
Reckless Driving Penalties
Dec/02

122

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Defensive Driving
Do you ??
Why would you ??
What is in it for you ??
Dec/02

123

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Good Reasons for Defensive Driving:

- You will not hurt yourself
- You will not hurt others
- You will see your family again
- You will arrive in time
- You will not cause suffering
- You will reduce your stress levels

and

- You will NOT go to jail !!!!

See the next slides and be warned !!!!
Dec/02

124

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Royal Decree No 91/2001

Change to Article 50
Traffic Law (28/93)
as of 1-Nov-2001

Dec/02

125

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Dec/02

126

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Penalty to driver:

Minimum: 1 year jail

Maximum: 5 year jail

Will apply when accident leads to:

Dec/02

Death
Major injury (>10 days off work)
Major damage
127

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

Penalty applicable when accident was

caused by driving:

Dec/02

in a rash manner without due care/diligence

under influence: alcohol, drugs
overtaking in dangerous place
overtaking where it is banned
constitutes danger
puts lives or property at risk
128

Traffic Law: Reckless Driving Penalties

So now we have some other

reasons to drive defensively:

Dec/02

If you do not you could end up in jail for 15 years

Jail is very uncomfortable
What would it do to your family ?

129

Load Restraint

Dec/02

130

SAFELY SECURE LOADS

A REMINDER
For drivers & their supervisors
October 2002
Dec/02

131

24/May/2002

Did you learn from this fatality?

Dec/02

132

No you did not !!

There are still badly secured loads traveling on our roads today !!!
See the next few slides .

Dec/02

133

Load Restraint

Dec/02

This is a 45 ton bulldozer that fell off a low

bed trailer because...

134

Load Restraint

Should have used:

- 4 chains
- wood deck low-bed
Driver should have:
- travelled at speed safe
for load and road
conditions

Dec/02

Only two chains were used:

not enough for a 45 ton dozer!

Steel tracks on steel low-bed: low

friction factor!

Poor supervision:
wrongly approved the loading
(staff not properly trained)

Driver:
- too fast round a sharp bend
- braked harshly

135

Load Restraint
ANOTHER EXAMPLE :

Single chain

Rock-breaker loose on
the deck

a 28 ton backhoe retained with just ONE chain

the rock-breaker is totally unrestrained
Both would fall off in sharp or sudden turn:
and could easily kill someone......
Dec/02

136

Load Restraint
Can you believe this??

Wrong:
high bed trailer

Dec/02

headboard split & broken: no protection to driver

(would be crushed if load moved forward)

chains slack and wrongly positioned

137

Load Restraint

Very slack chains

No chocks

Incorrect chain angles

Dec/02

Trailer bed is too narrow

Tyres overhang trailer:
an unstable load !
138

Load Restraint
It is not only large loads that
are not being secured
correctly !!
It also applies to small
items.

This truck is loaded with oil

drums: 2 drums stand loose!
These can easily fall over,
roll around, get damaged and
leak.
Dec/02

139

Load Restraint
Here is a tall wooden
crate restrained by a
web lashing which had
broken and was knotted
in two places

Do not use lashings with knots: they are NOT strong.

strong
Throw them away! Destroy them! Do NOT use them!
Dec/02

140

Load Restraint
Another totally unsecured load:
six pallets of flexible water pipe with
no lashings or any other load
restraint used
a length of rope had been placed
across the top of the pallets,
probably for decoration!
web lashing belts should have been
used
they were lucky this load did not fall
off
Dec/02

141

Load Restraint
NOTE to Managers/Supervisors:

This presentation is a REMINDER of the importance of load safety and

good load securing. Prevent further accidents due to poor load securing.
Follow the guidelines on the PDO-DtS web:

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/loads.htm
User Name: pdohse01
Password: contractor01

A detailed specification (SP-2001) is being written and will be issued by

end 2002.

In the meantime: follow the British Department of Transport Load

Securing Code of Practice which is available on the same website.

Another excellent Australian load securing guide with more pictures and
diagrams is also available on the same website.

For further information: CSM/15 tel: 67-7956

Dec/02

142

Stop the killing on our roads:

Actions Required at a National Level
Dec/02

143

Stop the killing on our roads

Who are the players that can/must act:

Gover nment
Private sector
Media: press, radio, TV
Drivers
Citizens
Parents
Schools/Teachers
All play a role:
co-ordinated by the Nat Road Safety Committee/Plan144
Dec/02
5

Road Fatalities Holland: 1946-99

This is achieved Road Fatalities x 1000
by rigorous
development &
implementation
of a
National Road
Safety Plan

Dec/02

145

Stop the killing on our roads

The National
Road Safety
Committee in
Oman:
development &
implementation
of the
National Road
Safety Plan
Dec/02

146

Stop the killing on our roads

Typical Nat Road Safety Plan:

Dec/02

Safer speeds
Safer drivers:
training and testing
general road behaviour
fatigue
Safer passengers
Safer pedestrians
Safer infrastructure
Safer vehicles
Safer rescue and post crash care
Safer systems

Education
Enforcement
Engineering
Encouragement
+
Evaluation/adjust

147

Stop the killing on our roads

Who are the players that can/must act:

Gover nment: Nat Road
Committee
Safety
Defence
ROP
Town planning
Health
Environment
Municipalities
Housing
Education
Religious affairs
Finance
Chamber of commerce
Transport
MOG
Economy
Information
Dec/02
5

148

Stop the killing on our roads

Who are the players that can/must act:

Private sector:
Vehicle manufacturers/importers: Toyota, a.o.
Insurance companies
Oil companies: PDO, a.o.
Al-Maha / Shell / BP
ONTC
Transport companies
Galfar, Desert Line, a.o.
Retailers/marketers/restaurants/advertisers

Dec/02

149

Stop the killing on our roads

Who are the players that can/must act:

Media: press, radio, TV
Radio Oman
Oman TV
Arabic newspapers: Al Shabiha, Oman, Watan
English newspapers: Observer, Times of Oman
Magazines

Dec/02

150

Stop the killing on our roads

Who are the players that can/must act:

Drivers:
you, me, us, them
Citizens: you, me, us, them
Parents: you, me, us, them
Schools/Teachers
Play acts
Religious bodies
Women associations
etc, etc
Dec/02

151

Stop the killing on our roads

Conclusion:

Many actions
(not a single golden bullet)
Many players/sectors (no one can do it alone)
Strong co-ordination required: NRSC
NRSC supported by RS secretariat/specialists

&

Dec/02

YOU can and MUST play a role:

as an institution and as a person

152

For further information on PDOs

Road Safety Programs contact:
Tony van Thiel, (968) 67-8759, CSM/1, [email protected]
John Graham, (968) 67-8759, CSM/15, [email protected]

Or see our WWW site at:

http://www.pdo.co.om/hseforcontractors/dts/
Username: pdohse01
Password: contrator01

Dec/02

153

End

Dec/02

154