Module 4: Grouping and

Summarizing Data
Overview

 Listing the TOP n Values

 Using Aggregate Functions
 GROUP BY Fundamentals
 Generating Aggregate Values Within
Result Sets
 Using the COMPUTE and COMPUTE BY
Clauses
 Listing the TOP n Values

 Lists Only the First n Rows of a Result

Set
 Specifies the Range of Values in the
ORDER BY Clause
Example 1
USE  Returns
northwind Ties if WITH TIES Is Used
SELECT TOP 5 orderid, productid, quantity
FROM [order details]
ORDER BY quantity DESC
GO
Example 2
USE northwind
SELECT TOP 5 WITH TIES orderid, productid, quantity
FROM [order details]
ORDER BY quantity DESC
GO
 Using Aggregate Functions

Aggregate function Description

AVG Average of values in a numeric expression
COUNT Number of values in an expression

COUNT (*) Number of selected rows

MAX Highest value in the expression

MIN Lowest value in the expression

SUM Total values in a numeric expression

STDEV Statistical deviation of all values

STDEVP Statistical deviation for the population

VAR Statistical variance of all values

VARP Statistical variance of all values for the population

Using Aggregate Functions with Null
Values

 Most Aggregate Functions Ignore Null

Values
 COUNT(*) Function Counts Rows with
Null Values
USE northwind Example 1
SELECT COUNT (*)
FROM employees
GO

Example 2
USE northwind
SELECT COUNT(reportsto)
FROM employees
GO
 GROUP BY Fundamentals

 Using the GROUP BY Clause

 Using the GROUP BY Clause with the
HAVING Clause
 Using the GROUP BY Clause
USE northwind USE northwind
SELECT productid, orderid SELECT productid
,quantity ,SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist FROM orderhist
GO GROUP BY productid
GO
productid orderid quantity productid total_quantity
1 1 5 1 15
1 1 10 2 35
Only rows that
2 1 10 satisfy the 3 45
WHERE clause
2 2 25 are grouped
productid total_quantity
3 1 15
2 35
3 2 30
USE northwind
SELECT productid
,SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist
WHERE productid = 2
GROUP BY productid
GO
 Using the GROUP BY Clause with the
HAVING Clause
USE northwind USE northwind
SELECT productid, orderid SELECT productid, SUM(quantity)
,quantity AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist FROM orderhist
GO GROUP BY productid
HAVING SUM(quantity)>=30
GO
productid orderid quantity
1 1 5
1 1 10 productid total_quantity
2 1 10 2 35
2 2 25 3 45
3 1 15
3 2 30
 Generating Aggregate Values
Within Result Sets

 Using the GROUP BY Clause with the

ROLLUP Operator
 Using the GROUP BY Clause with the
CUBE Operator
 Using the GROUPING Function
Using the GROUP BY Clause with the
ROLLUP Operator
USE northwind
SELECT productid, orderid, SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist
GROUP BY productid, orderid
WITH ROLLUP
ORDER BY productid, orderid
GO
productid orderid total_quantity Description
NULL NULL 95
Grand total
1 NULL 15
Summarizes only rows for productid 1
1 1 5
Detail value for productid 1, orderid 1
1 2 10
Detail value for productid 1, orderid 2
2 NULL 35
Summarizes only rows for productid 2
2 1 10
2 2 25 Detail value for productid 2, orderid 1
3 NULL 45 Summarizes only rows for productid 3
3 1 15 Detail value for productid 3, orderid 1
3 2 30 Detail value for productid 3, orderid 2
 Using the GROUP BY Clause with the
CUBE Operator
USE northwind
SELECT productid, orderid, SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist
GROUP BY productid, orderid
WITH CUBE
ORDER BY productid, orderid
GO
productid orderid total_quantity Description
NULL NULL 95 Grand total
NULL 1 30 Summarizes all rows for orderid 1
The CUBE operator
NULL 2 65 Summarizes all rows for orderid 2
produces two
more summary 1 NULL 15 Summarizes only rows for productid 1
values than the 1 1 5 Detail value for productid 1, orderid 1
ROLLUP operator 1 2 10 Detail value for productid 1, orderid 2
2 NULL 35 Summarizes only rows for productid 2
2 1 10 Detail value for productid 2, orderid 1
2 2 25 Detail value for productid 2, orderid 2
3 NULL 45 Summarizes only rows for productid 3
3 1 15 Detail value for productid 3, orderid 1
3 2 30 Detail value for productid 3, orderid 2
Using the GROUPING Function
SELECT productid, GROUPING (productid)
,orderid, GROUPING (orderid)
,SUM(quantity) AS total_quantity
FROM orderhist
GROUP BY productid, orderid
WITH CUBE
ORDER BY productid, orderid
GO
productid orderid total_quantity
NULL 1 NULL 1 95
NULL 1 1 0 30
NULL 1 2 0 65
1 represents summary values 1 0 NULL 1 15
in the preceding column 1 0 1 0 5
1 0 2 0 10
0 represents detail values in
2 0 NULL 1 35
the preceding column 2 0 1 0 10
2 0 2 0 25
3 0 NULL 1 45
3 0 1 0 15
3 0 2 0 30
Using the COMPUTE and COMPUTE
BY Clauses
COMPUTE COMPUTE BY
USE northwind USE northwind
SELECT productid, orderid SELECT productid, orderid, quantity
,quantity FROM orderhist
FROM orderhist ORDER BY productid, orderid
ORDER BY productid, orderid COMPUTE SUM(quantity) BY productid
COMPUTE SUM(quantity) COMPUTE SUM(quantity)
GO GO
productid orderid quantity
productid orderid quantity 1 1 5
1 1 5 1 2 10
1 2 10 sum 15
2 1 10 2 1 10
2 2 25 2 2 25
3 1 15 sum 35
3 2 30 3 1 15
sum 95 3 2 30
sum 45
sum 95
Recommended Practices

Index Frequently Aggregated Columns

Avoid Using Aggregate Functions with Null Values

Use the ORDER BY Clause to Guarantee a Sort Order

Use the ROLLUP Operator Instead of the CUBE Operato

Avoid Using the COMPUTE or COMPUTE BY Clause

Lab A: Grouping and Summarizing
Data
Review

 Listing the TOP n Values

 Using Aggregate Functions
 GROUP BY Fundamentals
 Generating Aggregate Values Within
Result Sets
 Using the COMPUTE and COMPUTE BY
Clauses