EXPANSION JOINTS WITH CAESAR II
Dan Edgar
Senior-Flexonics, Pathway Div
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
PIPING ANALYSIS
&
EXPANSION JOINTS
Detail Modeling
Automated Modeling
Quick & Dirty Modeling
Common Errors
Intergraph 2014
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DETAILED MODEL
DETAIL EXPANSION JOINT
MODELLING
Bellows
Hardware
Restraints
Intergraph 2014
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DETAILED MODEL
EXPANSION JOINT MODELLING
Bellows
Hardware
Restraints
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
DETAILED MODEL
TYPE OF BELLOWS INPUT
Long - Input length &
omit angular S/R.
Short - Leave length
blank and input all
values
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DETAILED MODEL
AXIAL INPUT
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DETAILED MODEL
LATERAL INPUT
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DETAILED MODEL
ANGULAR INPUT
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DETAILED MODEL
TORSIONAL INPUT
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DETAILED MODEL
Effective ID
Effective ID = (Af 4 / )1/2
Af = Effective Area
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DETAILED MODEL
EXPANSION JOINT MODELLING
Bellows
Hardware
Restraints
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CAU2014
DETAILED MODEL
HARDWARE - Input 1/4 of joint
weight for each end of the expansion
joint
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DETAILED MODEL
Bellows
Hardware
Restraints
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DETAILED MODEL
RESTRANTS - Model rigid elements
and then connect with restraints
Rigid Element
Restraint
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DETAILED MODEL
TIED RESTRANTS - Tie Rods modeled as a
rigid & one end restrained by Cnodes
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DETAILED MODEL
HINGE RESTRANTS - Arms joined at
centerline and then restrained by Cnodes
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DETAILED MODEL
GIMBAL RESTRANTS - Arms joined at
centerline and then restrained by Cnodes
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DETAILED MODEL
Pressure Balanced Elbow / Tee
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DETAILED MODEL
Inline Pressure Balanced
Intergraph 2014
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AUTOMATED MODEL
AUTOMATED EXPANSION JOINT
MODELING
(EXPANSION JOINT DATABASE)
Intergraph 2014
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AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
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AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
AUTOMATED MODEL
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
QUICK & DIRTY
QUICK & DIRTY EXPANSION JOINT
MODELING
(Tricking the computer)
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
QUICK & DIRTY
Manipulating line input to
model an expansion joints
Use zero length bellows
Include weight & length in
adjacent rigid elements
Use an infinitely large
(10e6) spring rate to model a
restraint
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
QUICK & DIRTY
TIED Expansion Joint:
Spring Rates:
Axial. 10e6
Lateral . Actual
Angular 10e6
Torsional . Actual
Effective ID . 0
Inlet/Outlet - Ambient temperature
rigid elements with 1/2 the weight of
the unit
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
QUICK & DIRTY
HINGED Expansion Joint:
Spring Rates:
Axial. 10e6
Lateral . 10e6
Angular Actual
Torsional . 10e6
Effective ID . 0
Inlet/Outlet - Ambient temperature
rigid elements with 1/2 the weight of
the unit.
Restraint in axis perpendicular to
pins
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CAU2014
QUICK & DIRTY
GIMBAL Expansion Joint:
Spring Rates:
Axial. 10e6
Lateral . 10e6
Angular Actual
Torsional . 10e6
Effective ID . 0
Inlet/Outlet - Ambient temperature
rigid elements with 1/2 the weight of
the unit.
Intergraph 2014
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TYPICAL PROBLEMS
ERRORS & OMISSIONS
Large Rotation Errors
Relative Rigidity Errors
Pressure Thrust Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Large Rotation Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Large Rotation Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Large Rotation Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Large Rotation Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Large Rotation Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Relative Rigidity Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Pressure Thrust Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Pressure Thrust Errors
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
TYPICAL PROBLEMS
Pressure Thrust Errors
Intergraph 2014
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Errors & Omissions
Hinge Friction
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Errors & Omissions
Hinge Friction
Mf =
Ff Dp = u Pt Dp
Or
F = Mf / ( L) = u Pt Dp / L
Where
Mf = Frictional moment in the plain of motion, inlb
F = Frictional force at the bellows tangent, lbs
Ff = Frictional force at the pin surface, lbs = u Pt
Db = Pin Diameter, in
Pt = Expansion joint pressure thrust, lbs
u = Coefficient of friction, either static or sliding. Sliding frictional values:
Steel on Steel
0.74
Case Hardened with dry lubricant 0.30
Lubricated steel 0.10
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
Errors & Omissions
Hinge Friction
Intergraph 2014
CAU2014
Errors & Omissions
Hinge Friction
Intergraph 2014
