Overview of Digital Relays

ISO Training
John S. Levine, P.E.
Levine Lectronics & Lectric
John@[Link]
[Link]

ISO Training July 22, 2008

Outline

Introduction
Overview of Digital Relays
Tools

Enervista Launchpad
PowerPoint presentations at
GE Digital Relays
Protection Basics
SR489
GE Multilin G30 Training
Post Glover NGR Training
ANSI Symbols handout
Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet
GE Multilin Training CDs

Trends
75% of Installed Base of Relays are Electromechanical
90% of New Relays Purchased are Digital/Electronic
Lingering Issue of Putting All Eggs In One Basket

No Backup
Like to See Disk Move
Solve with Backup (such as DIAC as backup to SR760 or F60)
Gain Excellent Accuracy and No Setting Drift

Manufacturers have Created Relay Families, thus

reducing maintenance, O&M costs and training.

Microprocessor-Relay Benefits
Multi-Function Protection Cost Effectiveness
Configurable/Programmable Logic
User Configurable Time Current Curves

Self-Testing of Relays Algorithms with Alarm Contact

Reduce Periodic Testing
Every 1-2 years for Electromechanical
Every 5-10 years for Digital (or More!)

Improved System Data

Fault Location & Reporting

Internal Operation Data
Breaker Health Monitoring
Sequence of Event Reporting

- Waveform Capturing
- Metering
- Demand Interval Records

Microprocessor-Relay Benefits
Flexible Settings
Multiple Setting Levels

Communication Capabilities
Local via Keypad
Remote via Computer and Modem
Networks can be created

Reduced Panel Space & Wiring

Compact Packaging
Tested at Factory
Eliminate Component Panel Metering

Digital Relays - Areas Of Use

Distribution Feeder Protection

Reclosing
Down Conductor Detection
Breaker Failure Protection
Generator Protection
Transmission Line Protection
Transformer Protection
Bus Protection
Motor Protection

NEW

OLD

Programmability
Digital Relays Have:
Programmable Inputs
Programmable Outputs (ALARM & TRIP)
Programmable Logic
Boolean Logic - AND, OR, NOT Logic
Programmable Time Current Curves

Waveform Capturing
Including Bar Plotting of Unit Operation

Metering
0.25 - 5% Accuracy on I & V
Typical Values
Current
Voltage
Watts, Vars, PF
Frequency
kWh, kVarh
Phase Angles

Min & Max Values with Date

& Time Stamp
Harmonic Values of I
Symmetrical Components
Operation Counters
Breaker Position

Can Be Accessed Locally or Remotely

Some Relays Have Analog Outputs Proportional to
Metering Values (i.e. 0-1mA)

10

Metering

11

Other Monitoring
Breaker Health Monitoring
Cumulative I2T or IT
Activate Alarm At Set Level

Demand Interval Reporting

15, 30, 60 Minute Intervals over Several Days
I, Watts, Vars, VA, PF

Peak Values Recorded

Date & Time Stamped

Trip & Close Coil Monitor

Fault Location & Fault Reporting

12

Sequence Of Events Recording

Events Stored with Date & Time:

Alarms
Contact Operations
Logins & Logouts
Waveform Captures
Remote Operations
Resets
Setting Changes

Last 100-1000 Events Stored

13

Settings
Easier Than Electromechanical/Static
Flexible settings
Relays Have Multiple Setting Groups
Can be Switched with Input Contacts or Remotely

Settings Are Stored in Files and Down Loaded to Relay

with PC
Easy to Copy Existing Setting Files and Modify
Accurate Implementation of Settings
No Overtravel
No Large Drifts in Set Points

Selection of Reset Times

Fast (Digital) or Slow (Electromechanical)

14

Local Communications
Thru Keypad, Up, Down Arrows, Enter/Select Keys or

RS232 Port on Relay

Local LED Display
Reset Key/Button
LED Targets
Password Protection

Phase TOC1 OP
Phase A
Phase B

UP

DN

ENTER

Phase C
Alarm
87
15

Communications

16

Remote Communications
Thru Rear RS232 or RS485 Port Using Standard

Modem Software or Relay Manufacturers

Communication Software
Password Protection
10Mbps Ethernet Connections - Wire or Fiber
Multiple Protocol Support (DNP3.0, Modbus RTU,
Devicenet, Profibus, and IEC 61850)
DSL or
Telephone
Modem
Modem

RELAY

17

Substation Communications - LAN & WAN

18

Communications

19

Memory Map Example

Group

Address

Description

Current

0300
0301
0302
030D
030E
030F

Phase A Current
Phase B Current
Phase C Current
Phase A Differential
Phase B Differential
Phase C Differential

20

Available Control by Digital Relays

via Communications & Protocols

Reset Data
Min/Max, Demand, etc.

Reset Targets
Operate Output Contacts
Trip & Close
Trigger Waveform Capture

Set Date & Time

Force Input Contact

Operation
Block Relay Functions
Perform Setting Changes

21

Maintenance Benefits

Self-Test Capabilities
Remote Communications
Easy Setting Changes
One Model Could Be Used for Several Applications
No Setting Drift of Digital Relay
Reduced Wiring
Flash Memory
Upgradeable Firmware

22

Todays Feeder and Transformer Digital

Relays

23

DIAC,DIFC,DSFC
Single Phase Overcurrent Protection
Digital Overcurrent Relay Platform w/ True RMS
Overcurrent Measurement (50/51)
Replace IAC, IFC and SFC relays. . .
Self Powered (no DC Battery Required)
Same case size, no metal modifications
Simply add surge ground lead

User Selection of 16 curve characteristics

Exact Duplication of IAC51, IAC53 & IAC77 Characteristics

Instantaneous Overcurrent Delay Setting

Reset Characteristic Selection (Fast or E/M)
Draw-out Case with Test Facilities
Retrofit existing IAC, IFC and SFC Cases
Very Low Burden (1.8VA)
No Communications

24

SR760 - Feeder Protection

16 Samples/Cycle
3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent Protection
Programmable Time Current Curves
Over/Under Voltage
Over/Under Frequency
Synch Check
4 Shot Reclosing
Fault Location
4 Setting Groups
Analog Outputs/Input (8/1)
Metering I, V, W, Var, VA, PF, Hz, Wh, Varh
Waveform Capturing
RS485 Communications
DNP3.0 and Modbus RTU Protocols
Flash Memory for Upgrades
Drawout Construction
Programmable Display
Simulation Test Mode
IRIG-B Time Sync

25

SR489 Generator Management Relay

Product Overview
Ideal Protection for Induction and Synchronous
Generators at 25, 50 and 60Hz
Complete Generator Protection including:
Generator Stator Differential
2 Zone Distance Backup
100% Stator Ground
High speed sampling, 12 samples per cycle
Drawout Case Installation
Powerful Fault Recording: Waveform, Sequence
of Events
Ethernet and Serial Communications
EnerVista Suite of Software supported
Metering of all important parameters

26

SR489 Protection Functions

Protection Functions
Include:
Generator Stator Differential
Backup Distance Protection
100% Stator Ground
Generator Unbalance
Loss of Excitation
Accidental Energization
Breaker Fail
Phase Overcurrent Voltage Restraint
Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent
Neg. Sequence Overcurrent
Under / Over Voltage
Under / Over Frequency
Generator Thermal Model
RTD Temperature
Overexcitation Volts/Hertz
27

SR745 - Transformer Protection

64 Samples/Cycle
3 Phase Differential Protection
3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent per Winding
Adaptive Time Overcurrent
Programmable Time Current Curves
Loss of Life Monitoring (Opt.)
4 Setting Groups
Harmonic Analysis (up to 25st)
Angle & Zero Sequence Compensation
Analog Outputs/Input (Opt.)
2 & 3 Winding Models
Configurable Logic
Waveform Capturing & Playback
Simulation Test Mode
Flash Memory for Upgrades
RS485 Communications
Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 Protocols
Programmable Display
Dynamic CT Ratio Correction
IRIG-B Time Sync

Transformer Management
Relay

SR745

28

The UR Family - One Common Architecture

TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison)

L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential)
D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line: Distance)
B30 and B90 (Busbar: 6 to 24 Feeder)
F35
F60
T60
C30
C60

(Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection)

(Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z)
(Transformer: Comprehensive)
(Control IED)
(Breaker Management IED)
IED

GENERATION / MOTOR
G30 and G60 (Generator: Comprehensive)
T60 and T35 (Transformer: Basic up to 6
Windings)
B30 and B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 24
Feeders)
M60 (Motor)

The Engine for Substation /

Plant Automation
29

Modular Hardware Family

30

High-Speed Data Bus

Modules

COMMUNICATIONS

Analog Transducer I/O

ANALOG I/O

Status Inputs / Control Outputs

DIGITAL I/O

DSP processor + CT/VTs

DSP & Magnetics

Main Processor

CPU

Power Supply

Physical Realization
19 Chassis
(4RU high)
or
Vertical Unit

(Hinged & Removeable)

Modular
HMI

31

Upgradeability/Serviceability
Plug n Play

CPU Automatically
Recognizes New
Hardware upon
Initialization
Easy Module
Draw-out

Field Wiring
Undisturbed

Module
Keying

CT Shorting
Clips
34

Example: Busbar with 5 Feeders

W

27P
27P

51

VT1VT1

50/
50/
51
51

50/
50/
51
51

50/
50/
51
51

50/
50/
51
51

50/
50/
51
51

81

81

81

81

81

79

CT1CT1

51

81

81

79

CT2CT2

81

81

79

79

CT3CT3

CT4CT4

81

79

CT5CT5

35

Example: Inputs in to UR Relay

CT4

CT2

CT1

CT5

CT3

VT1

36

Example: UR Relay using Sources

CT1CT1
VT1VT1

Physical
Physical3-phase
3-phase
I &VI &VInputs
Inputs
VT1VT1

CT2CT2
VT1VT1

CT2CT2
CT3CT3

ConfigureSources
Sources
Configure
(doneviaviasettings)
settings)
(done

CT1CT1
CT3CT3
VT1VT1
CT4CT4
VT1VT1

CT4CT4
CT5CT5

Universal
Relay

CT5CT5
VT1VT1

CT1..CT5
CT1..CT5
VT1VT1

I I

Source
Source#1#1

VI VI V V
I I

Source
Source#2#2

VI VI V V
I I

Source
Source#3#3

VV I I
I I

Source
Source#4#4

VI VI V V
I I

Source
Source#5#5

VI VI V V
I I

Source
Source#6#6

50/51
50/51

8181

WW

79

50/51
50/51

8181

WW

79

50/51
50/51

8181

WW

79

50/51
50/51

8181

WW

79

50/51
50/51

8181

WW

79

5151

27P27P

WW

VI VI V V

50-Inst, 51-Time, 81-

37

F60 Feeder Protection

Single Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage

Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent (51P, 51N, 51G)

Phase, Neutral & Ground [Link] (50P, 50N, 50G)
Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51_2)
Negative Sequence [Link] (50_2)
Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements
Phase, Neutral and Negative Sequence Directional Control
Phase Undervoltage & Overvoltage
Negative Sequence Overvoltage
Underfrequency (6 elements)
Overfrequency
4 Shot Autoreclosing with Sequence Coordination
VT Fuse Failure
Programmable Fast & Slow Operations
Breaker Failure (50BF)
Synchrocheck (25)
Cold Load Pickup
Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)
Data Logger & Fault Location
Transducer I/O
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Programmable LED Panels
Metering
Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)
Oscillography
Event Recorder & Fault Records
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups
Down Conductor Detection (Optional)
38

F35 Multiple Feeder Protection

5 Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage
6 Feeder Protection w/o Bus Voltage

Programmable LED Panels

(6)
Phase TOC elements
(12) Phase IOC elements
(6)
Neutral TOC elements
(12) Neutral IOC elements
(6)
Ground TOC elements
(12) Ground IOC elements
(1)
Phase Undervoltage element
(6)
Underfrequency elements
(6)
Autoreclosing elements
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Transducer I/O
Data Logger
Metering
Oscillography
Event Recorder
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups

39

LED
Programmability

STAT U S

EV EN T C A U S E

I N S E R V IC E

V O L TA G E

TROU BLE

CU R REN T

TEST M O D E

FREQ U E N CY

T R IP

O TH ER

ALA R M

PH A S E A

P IC K U P

PH A S E B

RES E T
U S ER 1
U S ER 2

PH A S E C
N E U T R A L /G R O U N D

U S ER 3

S E T T IN G S IN U S E

FB ER EE DA EK RE R1 1

FEE DE R 2

FEE DE R 3

FEE DE R 4

FEE D E R 5

G RO U P 1

BO RP E AN K E R O P E N

B R EA K ER O PE N

B R EA KER O PE N

BREA KER O PE N

B R EA K ER O PE N

G RO U P 2

BC RL OE AS EK DE R C L O S E D

B R EA K ER C LO S ED

BREA KER CLO S ED

B R EA K ER C LO S ED

B R EA K ER C L O S ED

G RO U P 3

T R IOP U B L E

T R IP

T R IP

T R IP

T R IP

G RO U P 4

ALA RM

ALA RM

ALA RM

ALA RM

ALA RM

G RO U P 5

PB IRC EK AU KP E R 2

P IC K U P

P IC K U P

PICK U P

P IC K U P

G RO U P 6

AO RP E E NN A B L E D

A R EN A B LED

A R EN A B LED

AR EN A BLED

A R EN A BLED

G RO U P 7

AC RL O I NS E PDR O G R E S S

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R IN P R O G R E S S

G RO U P 8

AT RR O L UO BC LK E O U T

AR LO CKO U T

AR LOCK OU T

AR LOCKO U T

AR LO CKO U T

S E T T IN G S IN U S E

FB ER EE DA EK RE R1 1

FEE DE R 2

G RO U P 1

BO RP E AN K E R O P E N

B R EA K ER O PE N

G RO U P 2

BC RL OE AS EK DE R C L O S E D

B R EA K ER C LO S ED

G RO U P 3

T R IOP U B L E

TR IP

G RO U P 4

ALA RM

ALA RM

G RO U P 5

PB IRC EK AU KP E R 2

P IC K U P

G RO U P 6

AO RP E E NN A B L E D

A R EN A B LED

G RO U P 7

AC RL O INS E PDR O G R E S S

A R IN P R O G R E S S

G RO U P 8

AT RR O L UO BC LK E O U T

AR LO CKO U T

M EN U

F3 5

H E LP

M ESS AGE

+/ -

M U L T IP L E F E E D E R M A N A G E M E N T R E L A Y
ES CAPE

E N TE R

VALUE

8 3 2 7 3 9 A 1 .C D R

40

T60 Transformer Protection

Up to 4 Restraint Inputs

Dual Slope Percent Differential Protection (87T)

Harmonic Inhibit Feature

Overexitation Inhibit Feature

Instantaneous Differential Element (50/87)

Overcurrent Protection Per Winding (50/51)

2 & 3 Restraint with Three Phase Voltage Inputs

4 Restraint without Voltage Inputs

Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent

Phase, Neutral & Ground [Link]
Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements

Phase Undervoltage
Phase Overvoltage
Phase & Neutral Directional OC
Volts/Hz
Restricted Ground Fault
RTD and dcmA Inputs Available
Underfrequency (6 elements)
Data Logger
FlexLogic with gates and timers
Programmable LED Panels
Metering per Winding (I, V, W, Var, VA, PF)
Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)
Differential and Restraint Currents
Oscillography & Event Recorder
Demand Recording
DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols
8 Setting Groups

41

UR Applications

Option 1
T60 - Transformer Protection
F60 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

42

UR Applications

Option 2
T60 - Transformer Protection
F35 - Main Feeder Protection
F35 - Backup Feeder Protection

43

Tools

44

Free PC Software and Firmware

Windows based
Access all:

Actual Values
Setpoints
Status
Event records

Oscillography
Graphical trending
Setpoint programming
Setpoint files
Download updated firmware to
Flash memory

45

46

47

Enervista Launchpad: http://

[Link]/multilin/enervista/laun
chpad
/

48

49

50

Demo Relays at L-3

51

ANSI Symbols

52

Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to
Electronic sheet

53

PowerPoint presentations at:

[Link]

54

GE Multilin Training CDs

55

Thank You
Questions?

56