PROBLEM # 13

Probset #5, ChE 312

Santos, Mc Terri Garvey
Payumo, John Ma. Rafael Edward

Problem #13
Calcium Carbide is manufactured from limestone and coal:
95%
CaCO3
CaO + CO2
CaO

+C

90%

CaC2 + CO

Limestone containing 91% CaCO3 and 9% inerts is

available. The first reaction is 95% complete while the
second is 90% complete. 4.8 MT (metric tons) of
Limestone, 4.86 MT of coal containing 80% C and 20% ash
are available. Find the amount and composition of the solid
and gaseous products.

Basis, Diagram, and Reaction

Basis: 4.8 metric tons of limestone = 4800 kg of limestone
4.86 metric tons of coal = 4860 kg of coal
4860 kg
Diagram:
80% C
20% Ash

Feed

Product

CaO
95% complete

90% complete

4800 kg
91% CaCO3
9% Inerts
CO2

CO

CaC2 = ?
CaCO3 = ?
C=?
Inerts = ?
CaO = ?
CO = ?
CO2 = ?
Ash = ?

Basis, Diagram, and Reaction

[100.08]

[56.08]
95%

CaCO3

CaO

CaO
?

+ CO2
?

*4800kg(0.91)

[56.08]

[44.0]

[12.0]

+ 3C
*4860kg(0.8)

90%

[64.08]

CaC2 +
?

[44.0]

CO
?

Computations 1st reaction

Amount of CaCO3 will react:

(4800 kg)(0.91)(0.95) = 4149.60 kg

Amount of CaCO3 will not react:
(4800 kg)(0.91)(0.05) = 218.40 kg
Amount of Inerts:
(4800 kg)(0.09) = 432.00 kg
Amount of CaO produced:
(4149.6 kg)( = 2325.24 kg
Amount of CO2 produced:
(4149.6 kg)( = 1824.36 kg

Computations 2nd reaction

Determining the Limiting Reactant:

nC = (4860 kg)(0.8)() = 324 kg-mol C

Assume CaO as LR:
(2325.24 kg)(0.9)( = 124.38 kg-mol C
Therefore: CaO is LR
Amount of C reacted:
(2325.24 kg)(0.9)() = 1343.40 kg
Amount of unreacted CaO:
(2325.24 kg)(0.1) = 232.52 kg

Computations 2nd reaction

Amount of excess C:

(4860 kg)(0.8) 1343.40 = 2544.60 kg

Amount of Ash:
(4860 kg)(0.2) = 972.00 kg
Amount of CaC2 produced:
(2325.24 kg)(0.9)() = 2391.25 kg
Amount of CO produced:
(2325.24 kg)(0.9)() = 1044.87 kg

Products
Products

Weight

%wt

CO2 produced

1824.36 kg

18.89%

CaC2 produced

2391.25 kg

24.75%

CO produced

1044.87 kg

10.82%

Excess C

2544.60

26.34%

Unreacted CaCO3

218.40 kg

2.26%

Unreacted CaO

232.52 kg

2.41%

Inerts

432.00 kg

4.47%

Ash

972.00 kg

10.06%

TOTAL

9660.00 kg

100%

Problem # 14
CODICO, Nickole Jean
CORALDE, John Kenneth

An Alkaline solution of Sodium

carbonate made up of 0.594% NaOH,
14.88% Na2CO3 and 84.53% H2O is
causticized by the addition of partly
slaked lime. The lime contains CaCO3,
CaO and Ca(OH)2. The Mass obtained
from the causticization has the
following analysis; 0.61% Na2CO3,
10.36% NaOH and the rest is H2O. The
reactions are:
CaO + H2O = Ca(OH)2

Basis: 100 Kg of Causticized mass

Req`d:
a.) Weight and composition of the lime
b.) Weight of the alkaline liquor
c.) Percent excess reactant
d.) Degree of completion of the overall
reaction

Diagram of Reaction:
x CaCO3
y CaO
z Ca(OH)2
B
100 kg
0.594% NaOH
A
14.88% Na2CO3 13.48% CaCO3
84.53% H2O
0.28% Ca(OH)2 Reactor
0.61% Na2CO3
10.36% NaOH
75.27% H2O
CaO
[56]

Na2CO3
[106]

H 2O
[18]
+

Ca(OH)2
[76]

Ca(OH)2 =
[76]

2NaOH
[40]

CaCO3
[100]

Soln:
Basis: 100 kg of product
OMB: A + B = 100
Bz= 0.28 kg
Na2CO3 bal:
0.1488A By[106/56] = 0.61
0.1488A 1.892857By = 0.61

-1

H2O bal:
0.8453A By[18/56] = 75.27
0.8453A 0.32143By = 75.27

-2

Solving simultaneously:

A = 91.663 kg
By= 6.883 kg

Therefor:
A + B =100
Since: A = 91.663 kg

B = 8.337 kg
By *= 6.883 kg = 82.56% CaO
Bx = 1.174 kg= 14.08% CaCO3
Bz* = 0.28 kg = 3.36% Ca(OH)2
Composition @ A
NaOH = 0.54447 kg
Na2CO3* = 13.6395 kg
H2O = 77.479 kg

Since CaO = 6.883 kg

0.1229107 kg mol CaO = 0.1229107 kg mol
Ca(OH)2
Mass of Ca(OH)2* = 9.09539 kg Ca(OH)2
0.1229107 kg mol Ca(OH)2 = 0.1229107 kg
mol Na2CO3
Mass of Na2CO3* = 13.02953 kg Na2CO3

for the % excess reactant

Solving

NaCO3
% excess = Supplied Theo. X 100
Theo.
Supplied Na2CO3
=13. 6395 kg
Theo. Na2CO3
=13.02853 kg

Therefore:
% excess = 13.6395 13.02853
13.02853
% excess reactant = 4.69%

x 100

% excess reactant
H2O
6.883 kg CaO [18/56] = 2.21239 kg
H2O
Theo. H2O = 2.21239 kg H2O
Supplied = 77.479 kg H2O
% excess = 77.479 2.21239 x 100
2.21239
% excess reactant = 3402.049%

Supposing that all Ca(OH)2 supplied to

2nd reaction is reacted:
Total mass of Ca(OH)2 supplied = 9.09539 kg + 0.28 kg =
9.37539 kg Ca(OH)2
mol of Ca(OH)2 = 0.1266944 mol Ca(OH)2

Mass of CaCO3 formed only from 2nd reaction:

=13.48 1.174 = 12.2911 kg CaCO3
Degree of completion:
12.2911[1/100][1/1] x 100
0.1266944

= 97.01 %

PROBLEM SET 5:
Jose Tuscano and Cheynne
#15
Abellardo
3 CHEC

ROCK
PHOSPHA
TE

HCl

H3PO
4

20

MONTALBAN, RIZAL

A direct
restorative material used in all
ROCK

surfaces
of
posterior
teeth
and
PHOSPHATE
34.55% P2O5
3.0
kg
of
sometimes
in
the
lingual
pits
of
anterior
48.62% CaO
25% wt
teeth
3.76% Al2O3 and
HCl per
Fe
Held
2O3 in the cavity by mechanical
kg R
1.29% MgO
retention

5.58% SiO2
2.5% CaF2
1.3% CO2
2.4% SO3

21

3.0 kg 25% wt
HCl per kg R

R
34.55% P2O5
48.62% CaO
3.76% Al2O3

H2O

REACTOR

0.22 kg H20 per kg

and Fe2O3
R
1.29% MgO
5.58% SiO2
2% P2O5 from R
2.5% CaF2
1.3% CO2
2.4% SO3BASIS: 1 HOUR OPERATION

E
LEACHING
PROCESS

BUTYL
ALCOHOL
22

2 tonnes H3PO4
of 80%
strength

WASTE

Main Reaction
Ca3(PO4)2 + HCl H3PO4 + CaCl2
Ca3(PO4)2 Ca3O3P2O5 [3CaO]P2O5 3CaOP2O5

3CaOP2O5 6+ HCl 2 H3PO4 +3

CaCl2
23

Side Reactions
1.

2.

CaF2 + HCl 2 HF +2CaCl2

HF 6+ SiO2 H2SiF6 + H2O 2

24

Assumptions
i.

95% of the P2O5 present in the rock

reacted

ii.

all CaF2 takes part in the reaction

iii.

the recovery of H3PO4 is 87% by

leaching process (using butyl
alcohol)

25

Calculate:
a) the % excess acid used
b) the quantity of rock phosphate
to be treated per hour
c) the quantity of CaCl2 formed
per hour

26

1839 kg H3PO4

S
0.22 kg H20 per kg
R

E
LEACHING
PROCESS

2 tonnes H3PO4
of 80%
strength
WASTE
ASSUMTION #3:
recovery of H3PO4

2% P2O5 from R
BUTYL
ALCOHOL

is 87%

27

b) Quantity of Rock Phosphate

3.0 kg 25% wt
HCl per kg R

R
34.55% P2O5
48.62% CaO
3.76% Al2O3

and Fe2O3
1.29% MgO
5.58% SiO2
2.5% CaF2
1.3% CO2
2.4% SO3

H2O

REACTOR

0.22 kg H20 per kg

R
2% P2O5 from R

28

1839 kg
H3PO4

b) Quantity of Rock Phosphate

3CaOP2O5 6+ HCl 2 H3PO4 +3
Amount of P O needed to produce 1839 kg H PO :
CaCl2
2

ASSUMPTION # 1: 95% of the P2O5 in R reacted

34.55% of R

R = 4057.6353 kg
ROCK PHOSPHATE

29

a) the % excess acid used

3.0 kg 25% wt
HCl per kg R

H2O

4057.6353 kg
ROCK PHOSPHATE

REACTOR

34.55% P2O5
48.62% CaO

3.76% Al2O3 0.22 kg H20 per kg

1839 kg
H3PO4

R 2% P2O5 from R
and Fe2O3
1.29% MgO MAIN REACTION:
5.58% SiO2
P O + 6HCl
3CaO
2 5
2.5% CaF2
1.3% CO2 + 3CaCl
SIDE REACTION
1:
2
2.4% SO3
CaF + 2HCl 2HF +
2

2H3PO4
CaCl2
30

a) the % excess acid used

Supplied HCl: 3.0 kg 25% wt HCl per

kg R

Supplied HCl = 83.4721 kgmol HCl

tal theo HCl = (theo HCl in Main Rxn) + (theo HCl in Side Rxn

31

a) the % excess acid used

MAIN REACTION:

3CaOP2O5 + 6HCl 2H3PO4 +

SIDE REACTION 1 :
3CaCl
2
CaF2 + 2HCl 2HF + CaCl2

ASSUMTION # 2: all CaF2 takes part in the reaction

2.5% CaF2 in R

32

a) the % excess acid used

EXCESS HCl = 41.72%

EXCESS HCl
33

c) quantity of CaCl2 formed

MAIN REACTION:

3CaOP2O5 + 6HCl 2H3PO4 +

SIDE REACTION 1 :
3CaCl
2
CaF2 + 2HCl 2HF + CaCl2

Total CaCl2 = (CaCl2 in Main Rxn) + (CaCl2 in Side Rxn 1)

34

c) quantity of CaCl2 formed

ASSUMTION # 2: all CaF2 takes part in the reaction

2.5% CaF2 in R

SIDE REACTION 1 :

CaF2 + 2HCl 2HF + CaCl2

CaCl2
kg CaCl2
TOTAL

FORMED = 3268.2389
35

36

16. A blast furnace is to be used to produce pig

iron. The iron ore use contains 90% Fe 2O3,
5%FeO, 3%SiO2, and 2% Al2O3. The fuel used is
coke containing 90%C, 3%CaO, 2%MgO and
5%SiO2.A fluxing agent is added which is
limestone that analyzes 95%CaCO3, 3%MgCO3,
and 2%SiO2. The coke rate is 1 tonne per tonne
of pig iron. The pig iron product contains 4%C,
1%Si, and the rest is Fe. A slag is also formed
which contains 45%CaO, MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2.
The following is the complete analysis of blast
furnace gas by volume(volume%=mole%):
16.5%CO2, 9%CO, 7%O2, 6% H2O and the rest is
N2. Assume that no FeO is present in the slag.
For one tonne of pig iron production, calculate
Maravillas,
the weight of limesone, ore, and slag.

G
Wet Air
r% N2
S% O2
t% H2O
A
Iron Ore
90% Fe2O3,
5%FeO
3%SiO2,
2% Al2O3

C
Coke 1 tonne
90%C
3%CaO
2%MgO
5%SiO2

B
Limestone
95%CaCO
3

3%MgCO3
2%SiO2

BLAST
FURNA
CE
D
Blast Furnace
Gas
16.5%C
O2
9%CO
7%O2
6% H2O
61.5%N2

E
Pig Iron tonne
4%C
1%Si
95%Fe

F
Slag
45%CaO
X MgO
Y Al2O3
Z SiO2

Maravillas,

Basis:1000

kg pig iron

OMB: A+B+C+G=E+F+D
Iron Balance:

A=1421.43 = mass of iron ore

Setting up equations:
x+y+z = 0.55

----- [1]
Maravillas,

Al2O3

Balance:
0.02 (1421.43) = y F
yF = 28.43 ------ [2]
Silicon balance:

0.4675zF - 0.0093493B = 43.307 ------- [3]

Maravillas,

Magnesium

Balance:

12.06152 + 0.0086492 B = 0.6031 x F ------- [4]

Calcium balance:
]
]
21.441 + 0.3804 B = 0.3216F
Simplifying:

B = 0.8454 F - 56.364

------- [5]

Maravillas,

1.x

+ y + z = 0.55
2.y F = 28.43
3.0.46752 z F - 0.009349 B = 43.307
4.12.062 + 0.0086492 B = 0.6031 x F
5.B = 0.8454 F -56.364
Eq 5&3
0.46752 z F - 0.009349 ( 0.8454 F - 56.364 ) =
43.307
F ( 0.46752 z - 0.0079039 ) = 42.78
------- [6]

Maravillas,

1.x

+ y + z = 0.55
2.y F = 28.43
3.0.46752 z F - 0.009349 B = 43.307
4.12.062 + 0.0086492 B = 0.6031 x F
5.B = 0.8454 F -56.364
Eq 5&4
12.06152 + 0.0086492 ( 0.8454 F - 56.364 ) = 0.6031
xF
F (0.6031 x - 0.007312 ) = 11.574
F = 11.574 ( 0.6031 x - 0.007312 ) ------- [7]
Eq. 2
y F = 28.43
Maravillas,

6.

7.F = 11.574 ( 0.6031 x - 0.007312 )

Substituting:
Eq 6 and 7
42.78 (0.6031 x - 0.007312 ) = ( 0.46752 z 0.0079039 ) 11.574
25.8 x - 0.31281 = 5.4111 z - 0.09148
x = ------ [9]

Maravillas,

6.

7.F = 11.574 ( 0.6031 x - 0.007312 )

Substituting:
Eq 6 and 8
42.73 y = 28.43 ( 0.46752 z - 0.0079039 )
42.73 y = 13.2916 z - 0.2247
]

Maravillas,

1.x

+ y + z = 0.55

9. x =
10.
x + y + z = 0.55
+ +z=0.55
Z=0.3653

Maravillas,

Z=0.3653

5. B = 0.8454 F -56.364

F(slag)=262.645 kg = mass of slag

B = 0.8454 ( 262.45 ) - 56.364
B=165.68 kg = mass of limestone

Maravillas,

Mass of air:
OMB:
A+B+C+G=D+E+F
D=A+B+C+G-E-F
D= G+ 1421.43 + 165.68 +1000- 1000 -262.645
D=G+1324.465 (Equation 11)
O2 Bal: sG = 0.07D(Equation 12)

N2 Bal:rG = 0.615D (Equation 13)

O2/N2 Ratio: r = (79/21) s (Equation 14)

Maravillas,

11.

D=G+1324.465
12. O2 Bal: sG = 0.07D
13. N2 Bal:rG = 0.615D
14. O2/N2 Ratio:r = (79/21) s
EQUATING:
(eq. 15)
Sub eq. 14 to eq. 16
(eq. 17)

Maravillas,

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
17.

D=G+1324.465
O2 Bal: sG = 0.07D
N2 Bal:rG = 0.615D
O2/N2 Ratio:r = (79/21) s

ELIMINATING eq. 15 and 17:

(
--------------------------------(eq. 18)

Maravillas,

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
17.
18.

D=G+1324.465
O2 Bal: sG = 0.07D
N2 Bal:rG = 0.615D
O2/N2 Ratio:r = (79/21) s
G=0.685D

Substitute eq. 18 to Eq. 11:

G = 2880.175 = mass of wet air

Maravillas,

Solving for the volume of wet air:

2880.75 g x 1 mole of air = 99.89 g-moles of wet air= 0.09989 kgmoles of wet air
0.21(32)+0.79(28)

V=(PnVm)scTgc
PgcTsc
V=(1 atm)(0.09989kg-moles)(22.4L/kg-mol)
(323K)
(0.9869atm)(273K)

V=2.68L

Mass of Air:
OMB:
A+B+C+G=D+E+F
D=A+B+C+G-E-F
D=1421.43+165.68+1000+2880.175-1000-262.645
D=4204.64 mass of blast furnace gas

Maravillas,

DAVID, HAROLD B.
DE REGLA, KATHLEEN KAY
P.

The catalytic reforming of methane with steam at

high temperature and atmospheric pressure is one
way to prepare hydrogen for the production of NH3.
CH4(g) + H20(g)
other reaction:

CO(g) + H2O(g)

CO(g) + 3H2
CO2 (g) + H2

if you begin with 990 kg CH4 and 2300 kg H2O and

you obtain 430 kg of H2 and 2080 kg of CO2 at 400
C and 1 atm, calculate the total volume of the gas
collected after the reactions.

2ND REACTION
2080 kg x (1 kmol CO2/44 kg) = 47.27 kmol CO2
47.27 kmol CO2 x (1 kmol CO/1 CO2) x (28 kg/1 CO)
= 1323.56 kg CO
47.27 kmol CO2 x (1 kmol H2O /1 CO2) x (18 kg/1
H20)
= 850.86 kg H2O
47.27 kmol CO2 x (1 kmol H2/1 CO2) x (2 kg/1 H2)
= 94.55 kg H2
H2 in 1st reaction = 430 kg 94.55kg = 335.45 kg
H2

 Since not simultaneous reaction, basis for 1st

reaction is 335.45 kg H2.
1st REACTION:
335.45 kg H2 x (1 kmol H2/2 kg) = 167.725 kmol H2
167.725 kmol H2 x (1 kmol CO/3 H2) x (28 kg/1 CO)
= 1565.43 kg CO
167.725 kmol H2 x (1 kmol H2O/3 H2) x (18 kg/1 CO)
= 1006.35 kg H2O
167.725 kmol H2 x (1 kmol CH4/3 H2) x (16 kg/1 CO)
= 894.53 kg CH4

CH4
+
[16 ]
894.53

H20
[18]
1006.35

CO
+
H20
[28]
[18]
1323.56
850.86

CO
+
3H2
[28]
[2]
1565.43 335.45
CO2
[44]

+
H2
[2]
2080
94.55

EXCESS:
CH4 = 990 894.53 = 95.47 kg = 5.97 kmol
H2O = 2300 (1006.35 + 850.86) = 442.79 kg =
24.6 kmol
CO = 1565.43 1323.56 = 241.87 kg = 8.64 kmol

VOLUME OF GAS PRODUCTS:

CO : (1565.43/28)(.08206)(400 + 273.15)
= 3088.30 L CO
CO2 : (2080/44)(.08206)(400 + 273.15)
= 2611.28 L CO2
H2 : (430/18)(.08206)(400 + 273.15)
= 1319.59 L H2