ROLE OF NUCLEAR POWER IN INDIAS
POWER-MIX
SCENARIOS FOR TOTAL INSTALLED
POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA
(DAE-2004 AND PLANNING COMMISSION-2006
STUDIES)
1600
1400
1200
GWe
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Year
DAE
PC_GDP-Growth 8%
PC_GDP-Growth 9%
2060
Nuclear Base & Pessimistic Scenarios Installed Capacity
300.00
250.00
Additional Import of 6
GWe
200.00
No Additional Import
beyond Kudankulam
GWe
NPCIL 40
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
Year
2040
2050
2060
Three Stage Nuclear Power Programme
Globally Advanced
Technology
Globally Unique
Stage - II
Fast Breeder Reactors
Stage - III
Thorium Based Reactors
World class
performance
Stage I PHWRs
14 - Operating
4 - Under construction
Several others planned
Scaling to 700 MWe
Gestation period has
been reduced
POWER POTENTIAL
10,000 MWe
LWRs
2 BWRs Operating
2 VVERs under
construction
40 MWth FBTR Operating since 1985
Technology Objectives
realised
500 MWe PFBRUnder Construction
POWER POTENTIAL
530,000 MWe
30 kWth KAMINI- Operating
300 MWe AHWRUnder Development
POWER POTENTIAL IS
VERY LARGE
Availability of ADS can enable
early
introduction of
Thorium on
a large
scale
COMPARISON OF FUEL
CHARACTERISTICS
Calorific
value of fossil fuels (kcal/kg)
Domestic Coal: 4000, Imported Coal: 5400, Naphtha: 10500, LNG:
9500
Indian
uranium-ore contains only 0.06% of
uranium (Canadas 18%), but this provides
20
times more energy per tonne of mined material than
coal when uranium is used in once through open cycle in
PHWRs
1200 to 1400 times more energy per tonne of mined
material than coal when used in closed cycle based on
FBRs
1000
MWe Nuclear Power Plant needs movement
of 12 trucks (10 Te/truck) of uranium fuel per
year
1000 MWe Coal Power Plant needs movement of
3,80,000 trucks (10 Te/truck) of coal per year
External Costs for various Electricity
Generating Technologies
Worldwide annual per capita effective dose (mSv)
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
Natural
sources
Diagnostic
medical X-ray
examination
Atmospheric
Nuclear
testing
Nuclear Power
Production
Air pollution impacts (PM10) and other impacts
Relative environmental impact of different
Technologies of electricity generation
High
Biomass
Technologies
Low
Nuclear
Existing coal
technologies
no gas cleaning
New coal
Natural gas technologies
technologies
Wind
Low
Greenhouse gas impacts
High
Photovoltaic
Offshore wind
Onshore wind
Hypower
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Nuclear
OVERNIGHT COST @ 2003 PRICE LEVEL
1000
MW
1600
700
950
Source NEA/ OECD Study, India: NPCIL Study
1000
700
LEVELISED COST OF GENERATION
PAISE/ KWH AT 2005-06 PRICE LEVEL
Source MW
Cr/ MW Years
Lev/ Cost
Nuclear: 700
5.2
5
152
Coal : 500
4.0
3
164
Gas
: 500
2.7
2
182
Assumptions:
Discount rate: 5%, PLF 80%
Gas @ 3$/ mmBtu,Coal:Delivered Rs1344/T
If uranium is available at international
prices, levelised cost of nuclear generation
can come down to about 115
Fast Breeder Reactor
500 MWe Fast Breeder
Reactor Construction
launched on
October 23, 2014
ADVANCED HEAVY WATER REACTOR
5
2
3
6
4
17
1
5
8
1
0
7
1
1
12
16
1
1
3
14
BASIC DATA
FUEL : U-233/THORIUM MOX
+ Pu-239/THORIUM MOX
1 Secondary
Containment
COOLANT : BOILING LIGHT
2 Primary
WATER
3
Gravity Driven Water
Containment
4 Isolation Condenser MODERATOR : HEAVY WATER
Pool
5 Passive Containment POWER
: 300 MW(e)
Isolation Duct
920 MW(t)
6
Vent Pipe
7
8
9
Tail Pipe Tower
Steam Drum
100 M Floor
10 Fuelling Machine
11 Deck Plate
12 Calandria with End
Structured peer
review
completed
Shield
13 Header
14 Pile Supports
15 Advanced Accumulator
16 Pre - Stressing
Gallery
17 Passive Containment
Cooler
Pre-licensing
design safety
appraisal by
AERB in
progress
Accelerator based energy technology
Growth with
Thorium systems
Proton
Accelerator
Beam
Beam
Channel
Transmutation of
long lived
radionuclides
Fission
233
U Fission fragments
LONG TERM R&D EFFORTS NEEDED
Collimator
Compact High Temperature Reactor
INSULATION
HEAT UTILIZING SYSTEM INTERFACE VESSELS
CORE - ACCIDENT CONDITION HEAT PIPES
Fluid fuel substitutes
(Hydrogen)
GAS
RECEIVER
UPPER PLENUM - ACCIDENT CONDITION HEAT PIPES
UPPER
PLENUM
NORMAL OPERATION - HEAT PIPES
FUEL (U-233 Based)
BeO
GRAPHITE
PASSIVE
HEAT REMOVAL
GAS HEADER
REGULATING
SYSTEM
GAS HEADER
GAS GAP
COPPER/
Other high
STEEL
temperature heat
HIGH TEMP. MATERIAL
applications
LIQUID
METAL (Zn)
RADIAL
HEAT PIPES
HIGH 'K' MATERIAL
START-UP
HEATER
HIGH TEMP. Pb-Bi
RESISTANT MATERIAL
INSULATION
LOWER
PLENUM
POOL OF
MOLTEN
METAL
Pb/Pb-Bi COOLANT
CONTROL TUBE
DRIVER TUBE
REGULATING
MECHANISM
Steady state superconducting tokamak (SST-1)
Pictures of
SST-1
Tokamak at
IPR,
Gandhinagar
BASIC OBJECTIVE IS TO
STUDY PHYSICS OF PLASMA
PROCESSES IN TOKAMAK
UNDER STEADY STATE
CONDITIONS
SST-1 HAS BEEN FABRICATED
AND ASSEMBLED.
COMMISSIONING IS IN PROGRESS
Fusion Energy
India is a member of
ITER group
Schematic of the prototype
fusion breeder reactor
CHALLENGES AND
STRATEGIES
country of the size of India cannot afford to plan
its economy on the basis of large scale import of
energy resources or energy technology
Indigenous
development of energy technologies
based
on domestic fuel resources should be a priority for
us.
Nuclear
power must contribute about a quarter of
the total electric power required 50 years from
now, in order to limit energy import dependence
in percentage terms at about the current level.
