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Membrane Transport Mechanisms Explained

The document discusses various mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, and active transport mechanisms like primary active transport and secondary active transport. It provides details on facilitated diffusion, the sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis. It also discusses different modes of intercellular communication such as neural communication, endocrine communication, paracrine communication, and autocrine communication.

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安 娜 胡
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370 views20 pages

Membrane Transport Mechanisms Explained

The document discusses various mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, including passive transport mechanisms like diffusion and osmosis, and active transport mechanisms like primary active transport and secondary active transport. It provides details on facilitated diffusion, the sodium-potassium pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis. It also discusses different modes of intercellular communication such as neural communication, endocrine communication, paracrine communication, and autocrine communication.

Uploaded by

安 娜 胡
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Dr Rekha Prabhu

MBBS, MD
Senior lecturer
Physiology unit
1. Passive transport
Diffusion Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
2. Active transport
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
DIFFUSION
Movement of substances from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration (
along concentration gradient)
The net diffusion of molecules continues until the
concentrations of the substance on both sides of the
membrane are equal.
Factors Influencing Rate of
Diffusion of a Substance
Concentration gradient
Permeability of membrane
Surface area of the membrane
Molecular weight of the substance
Thickness of the membrane
OSMOSIS
Osmosis is the net movement of water through a
semipermeable membrane down its own
concentration gradient from an area of high water
concentration to an area of low water concentration.
In other words, water moves toward an area of higher
solute concentration.

The osmotic pressure of a solution is the pressure or


force by which water is drawn into the solution
through a semipermeable membrane.
MEDIATED TRANSPORT
FACILITATED DIFFUSION

ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Primary
Secondary
Mediated transport
Carrier proteins embedded within the plasma
membrane assist in the transport of larger polar
molecules into or out of the cell.
When a given substance attaches to a specific binding
site on the carrier protein, the protein undergoes a
conformational change.
The bound substance moves from one side of the
plasma membrane to the other.
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
carrier proteins move across the membrane in either
direction and will transport a substance down its
concentration gradient.
substances are moved from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
a passive process that requires no energy.

An example of a substance transported by facilitated


diffusion is glucose
Mediated transport
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
energy is expended to move a substance against its
concentration gradient from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.

The most common example of active transport is the


sodiumpotassium pump

For each ATP molecule hydrolyzed by Na + K +ATPase,


this pump moves three Na +ions out of the cell and two
K +ions into it.
Primary Active transport
Secondary active transport depends indirectly on ATP
as a source of energy
Secondary Active transport
Co transport : movement of substances in the same
direction

Counter transport : movement of substances in opposite


direction
Endocytosis is the movement of macromolecules from
outside the cell to the inside of the cell by the active
invagination of the plasma membrane.

Exocytosis is the process by which macromolecules are


packaged in secretory vesicles and then extruded from
the cell.
Intercellular communication
Neural communication : in which neurotransmitters
are released at synaptic junctions from nerve cells and
act across a narrow synaptic cleft on a postsynaptic cell
.
Endocrine communication : in which hormones and
growth factors reach cells via the circulating blood
Paracrine communication: in which the products of
cells diffuse in the ECF to affect neighboring cells that
may be some distance away.
Autocrine communication

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