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DC Systems in Substations Guide

DC power systems are critical for protective relaying and switching equipment in substations. They provide backup power when utility power fails. Key components include lead-acid batteries to store energy, chargers to maintain the batteries, and a distribution switchboard. Common voltage levels are 48V for communications and 110V/220V for breakers and relays. The batteries power critical equipment like circuit breakers, relays, and control panels. Failure of a battery bank could disable all feeder protection in a substation. Proper maintenance of batteries through regular inspections, equalizing, and adjustments is necessary to ensure correct relay operation during faults. For increased reliability, some substations use a double DC system with two independent and parallel battery

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Emran Khandker
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448 views14 pages

DC Systems in Substations Guide

DC power systems are critical for protective relaying and switching equipment in substations. They provide backup power when utility power fails. Key components include lead-acid batteries to store energy, chargers to maintain the batteries, and a distribution switchboard. Common voltage levels are 48V for communications and 110V/220V for breakers and relays. The batteries power critical equipment like circuit breakers, relays, and control panels. Failure of a battery bank could disable all feeder protection in a substation. Proper maintenance of batteries through regular inspections, equalizing, and adjustments is necessary to ensure correct relay operation during faults. For increased reliability, some substations use a double DC system with two independent and parallel battery

Uploaded by

Emran Khandker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Welcome

Emran Khandker
Md. Monowar Jahid
Why DC is needed in substation?

1. For protective equipment and Isolation switches during a


fault

2. DC supply can be stored in batterys .The Batterys will


provide DC supply to all protective experiments.

3. The Main reason for use of DC is the reliability and back


up.
What happens when a battery bank fails?

1. An electric utility could expose all feeders associated with the


station to a condition where they could not ever trip in a fault.

2. Any backup devices, such as the main breaker on the low-


voltage side or the high-voltage side protection of the power
transformer, would all be inoperative.
The main components of DC system:

1. Battery
2. Charger
3. Distribution Switchboard
4. DC system monitoring relay

Today, normal DC auxiliary supply systems in power


substation are operating either on the 48V 110 V or 220 V
level

48V is used for Communication purpose


110V and 220V is used for breaker and relay
Instruments Protected by DC

DC distribution system in substations are required for


protection and control equipment situated in the
substations.
1. Circuit Breaker
2. Relay
3. Control Panel
4. Switchboard
5. Ammeter, Voltmeter, Energy meter in the control
panel
DC Control System

LT 400V
Rectifier Load

Battery
DC Control System
BATTERY SYSTEM
Stores D.C Power for control and protection of substations
and is used mostly for automatic tripping of breakers on
getting command from relay
Station batteries store energy and discharges at time when
relays operates
44/24 volts 40AH Battery banks are used rural distribution
substations
110V, 80AH Battery banks are normally used in regular type
Substations

Batteries should be installed in a separate battery room.


The ventilation of the battery room shall be adequate,
Temperature level in the battery room should not exceed
25C
Substation DC System
BATTERY SYSTEM

Normally Used NiCd Battery(Alkaline batteries)

Per cell voltage(nominal) 1.2V

110v Battery system

92 cell used(92*1.2=110.4V)

Need Periodic Check of each cell

At float charging time cell voltage between(1.3v to 1.4v)


NECESSARY OF BATTERY SYSTEM IN SUBSTATION

The operation of monitoring devices such as relays and the


tripping mechanisms of breakers require an independent
(power source, which does not vary with main source being)

Batteries provide this power source for successful operation


of switching and control devices in power protection system

It is therefore necessary to ensure that batteries and charges


are regularly inspected and maintained at the highest possible
level of efficiency at all times to enable correct operation of
relays at the correct time
Steps for proper battery maintenance?

Every month, perform an inspection


Equalize the batteries
Make adjustments
Ensure that the battery bank is not grounded at either
end
Suggestion

1. meet the increased demands for reliability and


availability, the DC system can be doubled .

2. There are two separate systems, at the same


voltage level, running in parallel. Both of the
systems have their own batteries and chargers.
Thanks to All

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