WELCOME
TO THE
WORLD OF
PHYSICS……...?
The word physics comes from the Greek word
‘phusis’ = nature ; ‘phusikos’ = natural .
It is the branch of science dealing with nature and
all natural phenomena .
It is the general analysis of nature , conducted in
order to understand how the world around us and
more broadly, the universe, behaves.
Electronics
The study, design, and use of
devices based on the conduction
of electricity in vacuum, a gas or
a semiconductor.
Circuit
A circuit is a path for
electrons to flow around.
The path goes from the
negative terminal of a
power source , through
various components and
onward to the positive
terminal.
Conductor
A conductor is a material
that allows electric current
to pass easily.
Voltage
Voltage is the electrical force, or sort of a
"pressure“ , that causes current to flow in a circuit. It
is measured in VOLTS (V ).
Current
It is the movement of electrical charge.
Current is measured in
AMPERES.
Its direction is from positive to
negative voltages
Resistance
Resistance is anything that causes an opposition to
the flow of electricity in a circuit.
It is used to control the amount
of voltage and/or amperage (current) in
a circuit.
It is measured in OHMS (Ω).
Basic electronic components
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Transistors
Integrated Circuits
Resistor
It is used to control the amount of voltage and/or
amperage (current) in a circuit.
It can be fixed or variable type.
Capacitor
An arrangement for storing a very large amount of
charge.
It can be of fixed or variable.
Inductor
It stores energy
in a magnetic field
created when an
electric current flows
through them.
Transistor
It is a semiconductor
device commonly used
to amplify or switch
electronic signals.
Integrated Circuit (IC)
It is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been
manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of
semiconductor material.
Rectifier
It allows the current flow only in one direction and can
convert ac to dc.
Amplifier
An amplifier, is any device that changes, usually
increases, the amplitude of a signal. The "signal" is
usually voltage or current.
Oscillator
It is an electronic circuit that
produces a repetitive
electronic signal, often a sine
wave or a square wave.
Magnetism
It is one of the phenomena by which materials
exert attractive or repulsive forces on other
materials.
Examples : nickel, iron, cobalt, and their alloys.
Magnetic Field
It is the space around a current carrying conductor in
which its magnetic effect can be experienced.
Magnetic field
due to current
flowing in a
Straight
Conductor
Moving coil Galvanometer
It is an instrument for the detection and measurement of
electric current or electric charge.
Dip circle
It used to measure the
angle between the horizon
and the Earth's magnetic
field (the dip angle).
It is also used in surveying,
mining and prospecting as
well as for the
demonstration and study of
magnetism.
Optics
It is the science that describes the behaviour
and properties of light and the interaction of
light with matter.
It usually describes the behavior of visible,
infrared, and ultraviolet light; however
because light is an electromagnetic wave,
similar phenomena occur in X-rays,
microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of
electromagnetic radiation and analogous
phenomena occur with charged particle
beams.
Dispersion
It is the phenomenon of splitting up of light
into its constituent colours
Interference
It is the addition
(superposition)
of two or more
waves that result in
a new wave pattern.
Diffraction
It is the bending of light round corners and edges of
obstacles.
Polarization
It is a property of waves that describes the orientation of
their oscillations.
Newton’s Rings
It is an interference pattern caused by the reflection
of light between two surfaces - a spherical surface
and an adjacent flat surface.
Optical Fibre
It is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light
along its length.
Fibre Geometry
Basic principle of optical fibre:
Total internal reflection
When light travelling in a dense medium hits a
boundary at a steep angle (larger than the "critical angle"
for the boundary), the light will
be completely reflected.
Total internal reflection
A laser bouncing down an acrylic rod, illustrating the total
internal reflection of light in a multimode optical fiber.
Spectrometer
It is an instrument
for producing,
examining ,or
recording a
spectrum.
