Domain Relational Calculus

 domain relational calculus, uses domain

variables that take on values from an
attributes domain, rather than values for an
entire tuple
 Formal Definition
An expression in the domain relational
calculus is of the form
{< x1, x2, . . . , xn > | P(x1, x2, . . . , xn)}
where x1, x2, . . . , xn represent domain
variables. P represents a formula composed
of atoms, as was the case in the tuple
relational calculus.

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.1 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Domain Relational Calculus
 An atom in the domain relational calculus has one of the
following forms:
 < x1, x2, . . . , xn > € r, where r is a relation on n
attributes and x1, x2, . . . , xn are domain variables or
domain constants.
 x Θ y, where x and y are domain variables and Θ is a
comparison operator (<, ≤, =, =, >, ≥). We require that
attributes x and y have domains that can be compared
by Θ.
 x Θ c, where x is a domain variable, Θ is a comparison
operator, and c is a constant in the domain of the
attribute for which x is a domain variable.

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.2 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)

Find the loan number, branch name, and amount

for loans of over $1200:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.3 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)

Find the loan number, branch name, and amount

for loans of over $1200:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.4 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)

Find all loan numbers for loans with an amount

greater than $1200:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.5 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)

Find all loan numbers for loans with an amount

greater than $1200:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.6 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the names of all customers who have a loan from the
Perryridge branch and find the loan amount:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.7 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the names of all customers who have a loan from the
Perryridge branch and find the loan amount:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.8 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the names of all customers who have a loan, an
account, or both at the Perryridge branch:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.9 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the names of all customers who have a loan, an
account, or both at the Perryridge branch:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.10 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Tuple Relational Calculus
 The tuple relational calculus, is a nonprocedural
query language. It describes the desired information
without giving a specific procedure for obtaining that
information.
 A query in the tuple relational calculus is expressed
as
{t | P(t)}
that is, it is the set of all tuples t such that predicate
P is true for t.

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.11 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the branch-name, loan-number, and amount for loans of
over $1200:

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.12 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)

Find the loan number for each loan of an amount greater

than $1200”

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.13 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 Example Queries
 branch (branch_name, branch_city, assets)
 customer (customer_name, customer_street,
customer_city)
 account (account_number, branch_name, balance)
 loan (loan_number, branch_name, amount)
 depositor (customer_name, account_number)
 borrower (customer_name, loan_number)
Find the names of all customers who have a loan from the
Perryridge branch

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.14 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
 The End

atabase System Concepts - 5th Edition, June 15, 2005 2.15 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan