THE STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT AND
DEVELOPMENT TASK
STAGES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Pre-natal Period
Infancy (birth-2 years)
Early Childhood(3-5 years)
Middle and late Childhood(6-12 years)
Adolescence(13-18 years)
Early Adulthood(19-29 years)
Middle Adulthood(30-60 years)
Late Adulthood(61 years and above)
PRE-NATAL DEVELOPMENT
3 Phases:
GERMINAL STAGE= first 2 weeks
conception, implantation, formation of placenta
EMBRYONIC STAGE= 2 weeks – 2 months
formation of vital organs and systems
FETAL STAGE= 2 months – birth
bodily growth continues, movement capability begins, brain
cells multiply age of viability
INFANCY (Birth)
Extreme dependent on adults
Beginning psychological activities
Language of newborn is the cry
Uncoordinated movements
Toothless
Poor vision (focusing range 8- 12 inches)
Usually doubles weight by 9 months
Responds to human voice & touch
INFANCY (1year old)
Begins to walk and talk
Ability for passive language (better understanding of what’s
being said)
Tentative sense of independence
Determined explorer
INFANCY (2 years old)
Begins to communicate verbally (name etc.)
Can usually speak in 3 to 4 word sentences
Famous for negative behavior
temper tantrums
Will play side by side other children, but does not actively play
with them
Great imitators
EARLY CHILDHOOD(3years old)
Wants to be just like parents
Vocabulary and pronunciation continue to expand
Climbs stairs with alternating feet
Can briefly stand on one foot
EARLY CHILDHOOD(4years old)
Sentences are more complex;speaks well enough for strangers
to understand
Imagination is vivid; line between what is real & imaginary is
often indistinct
Develops fears
EARLY CHILDHOOD(5 years old)
Can hop on one foot & skip
Can accurately copy figures
May begin to read
Socialize with other children their age
MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD
6-12 years old
Both large and small muscles well-developed
Developed complex motor skills
From independent activities to same sex group activities
Acceptance by peers very important
Parental approval still important
ADOLESCENCE
13-18 years old
Traumatic life stage for child & parent
Puberty occurs
Extremely concerned with appearance
Trying to establish self-identity
Confrontations with authority
EARLY ADULTHOOD/YOUNG ADULT
19-29 years old
Physical development complete
Emotional maturation continues to develop
Usually learned to accept responsibility for actions & accept
criticism
Usually knows how to profit from errors
Socially progress from age-related peer groups to people with
similar interests
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
30-60 years old
Physical changes begin to occur
Established main concerns
Love & acceptance still take a major role
LATE ADULTHOOD
61 years and above
Physical deterioration (brittle bones,poor coordination)
Some memory problems
Coping with retirement & forms of entertainment
Very concerned with health & finance
Significant number become depressed; suicide rate is high
DEVELOPMENTAL TASK
For every developmental stage, there is
an expected developmental task. What
happens when the expected
developmental tasks are not achieved at
the corresponding developmental stage?
How can you help children achieve these
developmental tasks?
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
-One that “arises at a certain period in
our life, the successful achievement of
which leads to happiness and success
with later tasks while failure leads to
unhappiness, social disapproval, and
difficult with later tasks.” by ROBERT
HAVIGHURST,1972
DEVELOPMENT TASKS
INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD (0-5)
-Learning to walk
-Learning to take solid food
-Learning to talk
-Learning to control the elimination of body waste
-Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
-Aquiring concepts and language
-Readiness for reading
Middle Childhood (6-12)
Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games
Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself
Learning an appropriate sex role
Developing fundamental skills in reading & writing
Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
Developing conscience,morality, and a scale or values
Achieving personal independence
Developing acceptable attitudes toward society
ADOLESCENCE (13-18)
Achieving mature relations with both sexes
Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
Accepting one’s physique
Achieving emotional independence of adults
Preparing for marriage and family life
Preparing for an aconomic carreer
Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior
Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior
EARLY ADULTHOOD (19-29)
Selecting a mate
Learning to live with a partner
Starting a family
Rearing children
Managing a home
Starting an occupation
Assuming civic responsibility
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (30-60)
Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults
Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
Satisfactory career achievement
Developing adult leisure time activities
Relating to one’s spouse as a person
Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
Adjusting to aging parent
LATER MATURITY(61 and over)
Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Establishing relations with one’s own age group
Meeting social and civic obligation
Establishing satisfactory living quarters
THANK YOU & GODBLESS!
