“One of the definition of sanity is the ability
to tell real from unreal. Soon we’ll need a
new definition.”
-Alvin Toffler(American writer and futurist)
“Reality is merely an illusion,although a
very persistent one.”
-Albert Einstein(German
born American physicist)
PRESENTED BY:
Satyajit Gahana,EC-07-91
Regd. No-0701230405
• Virtual surgery means a virtual reality simulation
of surgical procedures.
• Simulation means assumption of a false
appearance.
• These simulations are used to practice dangerous
surgical procedures without the need of an
actual patient.
• The virtual reality simulation is used as an
imagination for the actual surgery where doctors
can practice on a virtual patient before performing
the surgery.
• The term virtual surgery was coined by JARON
LANIER in 1980’s.
• Since the the VS system has undergone a tremendous
change in terms of usage and adaptability.The oldest
virtual surgery lab.has been situated in oregon state
medical university which was set up in 1990.
NEED OF VIRTUAL SURGERY:
SURGERY
**With the cadaver becoming a rarity and being
considered unethical and impractical the virtual
surgery system holds a great promise.
**With these kind of systems surgery residents can
perform a particular kind of surgery for a zillionth time
without the need of an actual patient.
**As this system shows and also points out
mistakes,the aspiring surgeons can always learn
from their mistakes.
WHY BETTER THAN TRADITIONAL
SYSTEM:
**As the touch enabled simulators used in virtual surgery
system allow users to practice their skills on computers
without the use of costly cadavers,it’s quite cost effective.
**with the use of force feedback system these systems
combine the visual and factual information with a sense of
touch ;which gives the feel of operating on alive patient.
**Research by Yale university medical professional
shows that surgeons trained with virtual surgery perform
24 pc faster than ordinary surgeons.
The virtual surgery works, when the patient come in for
procedure, they get scanned and a 3D dimensional double is
generated
• With processes like MRI scan ,CT scan the process of making a
virtual double of you starts.
•Then after using processes like VR environment and simulation
the process proceeds.
•Then taking standard human measurements of male/female
body the simulated image is brought to life.
•Various complex softwares ,Realtime fluid dynamics theory and
SensAble pvt.technology’s GHOST softwares are needed to
moveinto the final image.
•
VIRTUAL REALITY:
**Virtual reality is a generalization of the standard visual
simulation paradigm where the model and actions used in
the simulated world are extracted from various sensors
and information retrieval system. The resulting visual
simulation aims at an exact representation of the real
world.
**With VR space we can navigate,interact,immerse,and
feel the presence of the actual material world.
**It reduces the need of physical prototype and improves
product ergonomics and functionality.
**And the most appealing part is that it can present
everything in three dimensions.
FORCE FEEDBACK SYSTEM:
**These force feedbck systems provide the user the
same resistance or reaction from the VR environment as
it would have provided in an actual environment.
**Otherwise known as haptic devices ;these are
commercially produced by PHANTOM pvt.limited,USA.
**The haptic devices offer higher fidelity,stronger forces
and lower friction to the practising surgeons.*
**Without these force feedback systems the virtual
surgery program would have become just like a
videogame.
**These devices reproduce the feeling of of moving and
manipulating the surgical tools within the patient’s
anatomy and the flexibility to tailor the tactile experience.
**Taking the example of use of virtual surgery in minimaly
invasive surgeries the ;surgeons have succeeded in
critical laparoscopical surgeries.
**Pediatricians now a days are more dependent on these
virtual surgery system as their infant or newborn patients
are not likely to visit the hospital more often.
**
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
SIMULATORS :
1.XITACT
2.LAPSIM
3.REACHIN
4.VEST
5.MIST-VR
6.SurgSim
Virtual surgery application is subdivided
as follows:-
• TRAINING AND
EDUCATION
• SURGICAL PLANNING
• IMAGE GUIDANCE
• TELESURGERY
• There are many striking similarities
between pilots and surgeons .
• They are always ready to manage life
threatening situation in an unpredictable
environments very dynamically.
• The surgeons used to follow text book
images or cadavers for the training
purposes.
• Today cadavers are limited in supply and
generally allowing one time use only, so this
virtual surgery technology is becoming a
training method of choices in most medical
school.
• These virtual reality models enable the user
to perform a procedure countless times which
help the surgeon to strip away various layer of
tissue and muscles to examine each organ
separately, which result in a error less surgery.
• Tradition wise the surgery was planned, the
surgeon inculcated the various parameter
and procedure for surgery which he is
calculated from his earlier experiment.
• He did not have exact idea how the surgery
was going to result which led to lots of
errors and risking of the human life.
• This virtual surgery technology helped in
reducing these errors and to plan the
surgery in most efficient and reliable
manner.
• The integration of advance imaging
technology, image processing and 3D
graphical capabilities has led to great
interest in image guided and computer
aided surgery.
• This technique has been proved useful
in robotic surgery .
• Tele- surgery allows surgeons operate
on
people who are physically separated
from themselves.
• This is usually done through a master
slave robot .
• The surgeon relies on a 3D virtual
representation of the patient and
benefit afforded by the robotic
apparatus.
• The main advantages of virtual surgery in
surgery are: Intelligent computer backup,
minimises no of medical mistakes.
• It is interactive in nature, the presence of a
instructor is not necessary.
• It gives better training.
• Surgeons can practice operations multiple
time without the use of cadavers or
animals.
• Surgeons can easily interact with several
organs.
ACHILLES’ HEEL:
• The surgeoN should never give up his
dexterity.
•A lot of marketing and funding should be
allocated for the betterment of this noble
project which will ultimately help mankind.
• Medical virtual surgery has a long
way to go in the coming era.
• The use of computer aided and
image guided technique has
helped a lot in the advancement of
medical science.
THANKS A LOT FOR
BEING IN THIS
VIRTUAL
ENVIRONMENT………..
REFERENCE AND URLs:
1.Edelman virtualtouch goes
hightech;http://cms.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-
19960101-000031.html
2.Boulos MNK university of plymouth virtual reality in medicine.
3.University of colorado,centre of human
simulation:http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/browse/browse m.html.
4.NHSIA.virtual reality system predicts surgical
outcome:http://www.informatics.nhs.uk/item.id
