Bacteria
Maya Fadhillah
140410090024
Biology
FMIPA Unpad
What are Bacteria ?
Bacteria, from the Latin word
bacterium (plural, bacteria), is a
giant group of living organisms.
They are very small (microscopic)
and mostly unicellular
Bacteria are organisms that are
most numerous and more
widespread than other creatures.
Bacteria have hundreds of
thousands of species that live on
land to the ocean and in extreme
places.
There is a beneficial bacteria, but
some are harmful. Bacteria have
characteristics that distinguish it
from other creatures. Bacteria are
organisms uniselluler and
prokaryotes and generally do not
have chlorophyll and microscopic
size (microscopic).
Properties
of Bacteria
• prokaryotic (no membrane-
enclosed nucleus) no
mitochondria or chloroplasts a
single chromosome a closed
circle of double-stranded DNA
• with no associated histones
• If flagella are present, they are
made of a single filament of the
protein flagellin; there are none of
the "9+2" tubulin-containing
microtubules of the eukaryotes.
Ribosomes differ in their structure
from those of eukaryotes have a
rigid cell wall made of
peptidoglycan.
• The plasma membrane (in Gram-
positive bacteria) and both
membranes in Gram-negative
bacteria are phospholipid bilayers
but contain no cholesterol or
other steroids.
• no mitosis mostly asexual
reproduction any sexual
reproduction very different from
that of eukaryotes; no meiosis
Many bacteria form a single spore
when their food supply runs low.
• Most of the water is removed
from the spore and metabolism
ceases. Spores are so resistant to
adverse conditions of dryness and
temperature that they may
remain viable even after 50 years
of dormancy.
Morphology of
Bacteria
Based on the shape, the bacteria
were divided into three major
categories, namely:
* Coccus (Coccus) is a bacterium that
is round like a ball, and has several
variations as follows:
o Mikrococcus, if small and single
o Diplococcus, if its dual two-two
o Tetracoccus, if holding four and
form a rectilinear
o Sarcina, if the clusters to form
a cube
o Staphylococcus, if clustered
o Streptococcus, if coupled to
form chains
Basil (Bacillus) is a group of rod-
shaped bacterium or a cylinder,
and has the following variations:
o Diplobacillus, if holding two-
two
o Streptobacillus, if coupled to
form chains
* Spiril (Spirilum) is an arch-shaped
bacteria and has the following
variations:
o Vibrio, (comma shape), if the
archis less than a half circle
o Spiral, if more than half-circle
arc
Tools bacterial
motion
Based on the location and number
of flagella that are owned, bacteria
are divided into five groups,
namely:
• Atrik, do not have flagella.
• Monotrik, has a single flagellum at one
end.
• Lofotrik, has a flagellum at one end.
• Amfitrik, has a single flagellum at both
ends.
• Peritrik, has a flagellum on the entire
surface of the body.
Bacterial
motion picture
tools:
A-Monotrik;
B-Lofotrik;
C-Amfitrik;
D-Peritrik;
The influence of
environment on
bacterial
Environmental conditions
that support can spur
growth and reproduction of
bacteria
Temperature
Based on the temperature range of
activities, the bacteria were divided
into 3 groups:
• Psikrofil bacteria, the bacteria
that live in the area temperature
between 0 ° - 30 ° C, with
optimum temperature of 15 ° C.
• Mesophile bacteria, the bacteria that
live in the area of temperatures
between 15 ° - 55 ° C, with optimum
temperature 25 ° - 40 ° C.
• Termofil bacteria, the bacteria that can
live in areas of high temperature
between 40 ° - 75 ° C, with optimum
temperature of 50-65 ° C
In 1967 in the Yellow Stone Park found
bacteria living in hot springs temperature
93 ° - 500 ° C.
Humidity
In general, bacteria require a fairly
high humidity, approximately 85%.
Reducing the water content of
protoplasm causes metabolic
activity ceases, for example in the
process of freezing and drying.
Illumination
The light is very influential in the
process of bacterial growth. Generally
light microorganisms that damage cells
lacking chlorophyll.
Ultraviolet rays can cause ionization of
cell components that result in inhibiting
the growth or cause death. The effect of
light on bacteria can be used as the
basis for sterilization or preservation of
food.
References
http://gurungeblog.wordpress.com/2008/11/17
/bakteri-ciri-ciri-struktur-perkembangbiakan-ben
tuk-dan-manfaatnya
/
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri
Thank you
