HISTORY OF TOURISM
EARLY TOURISM
• From the Hebrew word torah means
studying , learning and searching.
Early tourism has two forms:
1. Travel for business
2. Religious Travel
1. Travel for Business
• CUNEIFORM WRITING - a form of writing discovered by
Sumerians.
- CUNEIFORM- a system of writing as an old Egyptian
hieroglyphics (writing using a picture symbol).
• STYLUS – sharp-pointed instrument to inscribe wedge-
shaped characters on soft clay tables.
Cuneiform Stylus
2. Religious Travel
• Travel for religion took the form for the Pilgrimages
to places of worship.
• They travel to fulfill the row in the case of illness, of
great danger or a penance for sin.
• In the 14th century, St. James of Galicia was the
foremost destination of English Pilgrim.
• St. James the Greater, one of the world’s most
popular apostle.
TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD
• People decline to travel because war is
rampant.
• Travel became burdensome, dangerous and
demanding.
•Crusaders and pilgrim were the only ones
who traveled.
•No one traveled for pleasure.
TOURISM DURNG THE RENAISSANCE AND
ELIZABETHAN ERAS
• Travel for education became popular in the
16th century and was introduced by British.
• Grand Tour- travel to widen the knowledge.
• Spas- the remedy to sought the sick.
Travelers immersed themselves in the
healing waters.
TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
• Major changes and type of tourism
development but also essential social changes
that made desirable as a recreational
activity.
• People have their own disposable income.
• Travelers travel to escape from
responsibilities and crowded city.
TOURISM IN THE 19th CENTURY
• Railway and steamboats were
introduced.
• Thomas Cook- most famous travel
organizer. He is the Father of
Tourism
TOURISM IN THE 20th CENTURY
• Development of transportations like airplanes
were paved its way.
• Business and trade prospered in developed
countries influencing people to travel and explore
the world.
• Many countries realized the significance of
tourism thus it leads them in promoting their
country.
DIMENSION OF TOURISM
AND TRAVEL
FIVE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM
• Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of
phenomenon and relationships.
• Its has two elements; the dynamic element (journey) and the
static element( the stay)
• The journey and stay are to and in destination outside the
place of residence and work.
• The movement of destination is temporary and short-term
with the intention to return within a few days, weeks or
months.
• Destinations are visited for purpose.
TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
• Escape • Main social contacts
• Relaxation • Convince oneself of one’s
• Relief of tension achievement
• Sun lust • Self discovery
• Physical • Education
• Health • Cultural
• Family Togetherness • Wanderlust
• Interpersonal Relations • Scenery
• Roots or ethnics
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM
• SOURCE OF INCOME
Travelers and tourist purchase goods
and services. It is “new” money, that is
money is generated from internal
economic activity but brought to the
area by tourists.
• EMPLOYMENT
In an area being developed by
tourism, new hotels, motels and other
lodging establishments must be built.
This creates job. Wages were paid to
employees.
• FOREIGN EXCHANGE
A nation needs foreign exchange to pay
for goods and services imported from
abroad, and tourism is one the principal
means of earning it.
SOCIAL IMPACT OF TOURISM
• RESENTMENT
Tourists going to poor, less-developed countries
sometimes creates feelings of resentment and
jealousy among local population.
• FAMILY PROBLEMS
Tourism can affect the relationships of local
residents when one or more members of the family
work in the tourism industry.
• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
Many hospitality workers that comes from other
areas settle among the local population. New
residents act differently and may experience culture
shock.
• CRIME AND VIOLENCE
Tourists who travel with a larger amount of money
can be the target of amateur and professional
thieves.
SECTORS OF THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY
• AIR INDUSTRY
includes airlines of all sizes and sorts as well as the
industry that directly supports them such as airlines
catering, governmental organizations and airports.
(e.g PAL, CebuPac, Air Philippines)
• LODGING COMPANIES
includes hotels, motels, condominiums, timeshares,
lodge, all-suites hotels and campgrounds.
• TRAVEL AGENCIES
business that helps the public to their travel plans and
needs.
• FOOD SERVICES
any type of restaurants, hotel and dining catering.
• CAR RENTALS
e.g Avis Rent a Car, Mudan Automotive, Midnight Rent a
Car
• RAIL TRAVEL
• MEETINGS AND CONVENTIONS
travel industry facilitates the event functions of all sizes for
business organizations and societies.
• SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
Many people travel to watch sports or concerts.
• ATTRACTIONS
• THEME PARKS
• STORES AND SHOPS
• PARKS AND RECREATION PROGRAMS
• GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY
Travel was once highly regulated by governmental organizations. Such as
aircrafts maintenance air traffics, airports and cruise line policies, are
still overseen by government entries.
• DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS
Organizations whose main purpose is to promote and facilitate travel.
• RESEARCH COMPANIES
These segments of the travel industry rely on demographic and
psychographic information about their costumers. Some have their own in-
house research departments. They cleverly analyze the consumer
marketplace and take actions to adjust to those findings to increase
business.
• INSURANCE COMPANIES
Travel is subject to many unpredictable factors, that
is why some corporations specialize protecting
travelers from unanticipated incidents such as loss of
luggage, missed airlines connections, illness and
accidents.
• FINANCIAL COMPANIES
Certain banks have close relationship with travel
related business.
• TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS
Reservation system, database developers, web site
designers have become essential for the industry’s
success.
• TRADE ASSOCIATIONS
Most industries have organizations that represent their interests.
(e.g: Philippine Bartender League, Hotel and Restaurant
Association of the Philippines)
• TRAVEL PUBLICATIONS
This sector is divided into two general categories: Consumer
publications target the traveling public and trade publications
address the readership of travel professionals.
• PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
there are number of occupational groups that specialize travel-
related issues such as attorneys, accountants, advertising
agencies, public relations firms, travel writers and photographers,
speakers and travel teachers.
