Safety @ Construction
Site
SAFETY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Assignment of responsibility
Hazard identification and control
Training and communication
Documentation and enforcement of safety rules
SAFETY PROGRAM
Maintenance of safe working conditions
Setting performance goals
Rewarding safety performance
Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
Taking appropriate correction actions
PERSONAL SAFETY
EQUIPMENTS
BENEFITS OF A SAFETY PROGRAM
Reduced workers’ compensation claims
Reduced expenses related to injuries and
illnesses
Reduced absenteeism
Lower employee complaints
Improved employee morale and satisfaction
Increased productivity
Reduction of hidden cost
Reduced insurance cost
HIDDEN COST
Workers Compensation Cost
Replacement and training cost for new or substitute
employee
Poor Quality
Penalties for non-compliance
Safety Management:
Safety is one of the vital issues in the success of the project .
Safety programme ensures the worker to be mentally and
physically prepared to execute a job quickly ,fearlessly and
efficiently . Safety is a way of life . It must be part of every
individual at every time during performance of any activity .
PLANNING A PROJECT
Develop goals and objectives
Define project team
Project manager
Site Supervisor
Site Safety
Other Programs
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors/Management
Establish safe work practices
Enforce safety rules and regulations
Train employees how to avoid hazards
Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and near
misses
Investigate causes of incidents or near misses
Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence
Ensure prompt medical attention
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (CONTINUED)
Safety Coordinator
Develop and implement accident prevention
programs
Advise management on company policies and
governmental regulations
Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety
programs
Train management in safety observation
techniques
POOR SAFETY
PRACTICES
GOOD SAFETY
PRACTICES
IMPLEMENTING THE WORK PLAN
Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses
Maintains a safe environment
Designed to protect employees, company’s
facilities, and local community
WORK PLAN (CONTINUED)
Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
Periodic safety inspection
Correct known deficiencies
Must be available for review and updated as
required
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
Company Policies
Site Description, Background
Site Security
Emergency Response
IDENTIFYING PROJECT-SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
Job Hazard Analysis
Select activities with highest risk
Break activity into individual components
Identify potential hazards in each component
Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard
The major causes of accidents in construction industry are due to –fall from high
elevation .
electrocution .
being struck by equipment .
being caught by equipment .
trench excavation , cave-in .
drowning ( bridge and offshore construction ) .
Overexertion .
It has been found that more than 40-50% of accidents due to fall from height or fall of
an object .
The f
the c
Safe Access On Site
Construction Site Safet
Everyone can get to their place of work
y
safely
Edges from which people could fall are
provided with double guard rails or
other suitable edge protection
Holes are protected with clearly marked
and fixed covers to prevent falls
Site is tidy
Good lighting
Fenced off
from public
©Consultnet
Working at Height
Height HAZARDS on Construction Sites
Holes in Floors, Gaps on Working Platforms, Shafts and
Stairwells not Adequately Covered, Barricaded,
Safet
Fenced Off
y
Using ladders or scaffolding
without proper fixing is crazy
Never use incomplete
Construction
scaffolding.
Make sure there are hand rails
Site
and toe boards at all edges
Things fall on sites, wear your
helmet
Before starting work at heights
©Consultnet
LETHAL LADDERS:
Ladders kill a lot of people.
Make sure the ladder is:-
Safet
Right for the job. Would scaffolding
or a cherry picker be better?
y
In good shape
Secured near the top
Construction
On a firm base and footing
4 up – 1 out
Rising at least 1 meter beyond the
Site
landing place OR that there is a proper
hand hold
Always have a firm grip on the ladder
and keep a good balance
©Consultnet
THE ROOF: A RISKY PLACE TO BE.
Very Simply:-
Always inspect a roof before you walk
Safet
on it
You must have protection to stop you
y
from falling off the edge
You must use proper safety harnesses
Construction
and running cables when working on top
of a roof
Remember: a walk along a fragile roof
Site
could be your last
50% of fatal injuries involving roofs are falls thru’
fragile materials, 30% are falls from edges
and
openings
©Consultnet
EXCAVATION WORK.
If you want to avoid being buried
alive apply these rules:-
All excavations deeper than 1.25meters
MUST be shored or battered.
Excavations deeper than 2 meters MUST
have a guard rail or barrier
Vehicles working too close to the
side of the trench or rubble piled
on the sides may cause
collapse
Vehicles tipping into the excavation
must use stop blocks
©Consultnet
CRANE SAFETY
Very Simply :-
The weight of the load must be carefully
estimated
The crane must be fitted with an
automatic safe load indicator (one that
works)
The crane must always work on a hard,
level base
The load must be properly fixed and
secured
The banksman must be trained to give
clear signals
NEVER, NEVER be carried with a load
©Consultnet
Traffic Vehicles & Plant
Safet
y
Vehicles and pedestrians should be kept apart on-
site – separate them as much as possible using
Construction
barriers
Adequate clearance around slewing vehicles
Avoid reversing where possible & use one-way
Site
system
Vehicles should have reversing alarms/sirens
Passengers only on vehicles designed to carry
them
©Consultnet
Goods Hoist
Good Safety Practice
Safet
Installed by a competent person
Rated capacity clearly marked
y
Current examination and
inspection report
Construction
Suitable base enclosure to prevent
people being struck by moving part
Site
of hoist
Landing gates kept shut except
when platform is at landing
©Consultnet
ELECTRICITY
Good practice with electricity on site:-
Treat electricity with respect
Check constantly that cables are
not damaged or worn
Keep trailing cables off the ground
and away from water
Never overload or use makeshift
plugs and fuses
©Consultnet
Health Risks:
*Gastroenteritis *Hepatitis
*Weil’s disease (Leptospirosis) {Rats Urine}
*Asthma *Skin/Eye infections *Inflammation of the lungs
How to become infected:
Hand-to-mouth contact(eating, drinking, smoking, wiping the face with
contaminated gloves) – most common
Skin contact(cuts, scratches or wounds and some organisms enter the
body through the eyes)
Breathing(either as dust or mist)
How to protect yourself:
Understand the risks
Understand how you may be infected
Wear protective clothing
Avoid sewage if possible
Apply good personal hygiene
Cleanse all wounds & cover
Change out of contaminated clothing
Clean equipment & boots etc on site
©Consultnet Ltd
Most construction sites require at least:
Hard hat
Safety Boots
Safet
Hi-viz jacket
y
Safety Glasses
Construction
Wear them
always for
Site
your safety
©Consultnet Ltd
SAFETY MEASURES:
In order to prevent accidents at construction sites, certain safety measures need to be taken in the
following major activities prone to risks of accidents:
[Link]
[Link] and Blasting
[Link] Bituminous works
[Link],Ladders,Form-work and other equipment
[Link] and Erection
[Link]
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Salient Points of Safety Management
It is the responsibility of the construction manager to create safety programs that will prevent these
accidents .
The philosophy of the company must be that all accidents are prevented and the actions expected to
accomplish that goal must be clearly stated to the employees.
Without a safety plan , a project cannot be described as a successful construction project . The safety
should be the highest priority of the company . The company must be committed to the improvement
of safety .
The safety code of conduct should be communicated to the employees in the company , who should
also be made aware of the pros and cons of the accidents.
A company with a better culture of safety attracts the right kinds of employees and builds a good ,
consistent safety record .
During the project planning in the beginning of the work , a unique job-specific safety plan must be
developed .
Task specific hazard should be addressed daily .
Safety Programs
Safety program should be developed as a culture of the company . It should be at all times , at all
places and all types of work . Every employee of the company should think and work about safety .
Supervisors and managers play a very important role in safety management . The workers should feel
that the safely constraints are for their betterment . A company can develop it own plan and culture .
Some of the major components of a company safety plan should be –
First aid equipment should be available and known to the employee .
Every employee's need requires personal safety equipment .
Formal training program for each employee should be mandatory .
Procedures for emergency evacuation of injured employees should be clearly explained and
employees should be trained for such situations .
Safety record and accident report of the company should be honestly examined .
Site visit requirement for supervisory personnel plays a very important role in safety management .
Training for all supervisors and the managers should be mandatory .
