METABOLISM ON HUMAN BODY
HENRI SETIAWAN, S.Kep.,Ners.,M.Si.Med.
whether all the food that
pabeulit mean?
So, what kind of food the
human body needs?
Terus, how the body can
differentiate there are?
Metabole : Berubah
Proses pemecahan zat-zat gizi di dalam tubuh
manusia untuk menghasilkan energi atau
pembentukan struktur tubuh di tingkat seluler
metabolism
Metabolisme
Metabolism is a chemical process that occurs in the
body of all living things, this process is an exchange
agent or an organism with its environment
Metabolism Process
KATABOLISM ANABOLISM
Catabolism is anabolism is
decomposition of a substance a reaction to assemble
into smaller particles to be compound of organic
molecules certain to be
energy used
absorbed by the body.
ANABOLISME
KATABOLISME
Metabolism of Nutrition
Carbohydrat
Protein
Mechanical
Differentiate Lipid
Metabolism
Vitamin
Minerale
metabolism of carbohydrat
When food is chewed, food mixes with saliva containing
the enzyme ptyalin (an α-amylase secreted by the
parotid glands in the mouth)
These enzymes hydrolyze starch (a polysaccharide)
into maltose and small glucose group consisting of three
to nine molecules of glucose.
The food in your mouth in just a short time and may not
be more than 3-5% of starch which has been hydrolyzed
when food is swallowed.
Furthermore, the activity of ptyalin of saliva
inhibited enumerated by acidic substances
secreted by these lambung. This is Occure
because ptyalin an amylase enzyme is
inactive when the medium pH drops below 4.0
Carbohydrate metabolism process
The end result of the process of digestion is glucose, fructose,
galactose, mannose and other monosaccharides. The
compounds are then absorbed through the intestinal wall and
carried to the liver by blood
The next food is digested with the
help of insulin secretion by the
pancreas
First, glucose will be circulated
with the flow of blood to meet
the energy needs of the body's
cells
Glucose as a result of the
breakdown of starch will
undergo two processes in the Second, if in your heart there is an excess
liver, namely: of glucose (blood sugar), glucose is
converted into glycogen (muscle sugar)
with the help of the hormone insulin and
automatically maintain the balance of blood
sugar. Glycogen is stored in the liver, if at
any time it is required, the change glycogen
back into glucose with the help of the
hormone adrenaline.
Classification
• Disacharide
Disaccharide is a carbohydrate
oligosaccharide groups were
very important for the body
which consists of two chains of
monosaccharides are linked to
each other. Disaccharide will • Polysacharide
•Monosacharide
be broken down into
monosaccharides Polysaccharides are
Monosaccharide is a carbohydrate
carbohydrates made up of
that can not be hydrolyzed into a
Sucrose thousands of monosaccharide
simpler form. Monosaccharides
Lactose chain is not soluble in water.
are water soluble and can diffuse
through the intestinal wall without Maltose
the aid of enzymes. Amylum
Xelulose
Glucose Glukogen
Fructose
Galactose
Catabolism on Carbohydrat
Glycolysis
Characteristic :
1. Can take place in aerobic and anaerobic
2. In glycolysis are enzymatic activity, ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) and ADP (adenosine
diphosphate)
3. ADP and ATP plays a role in the removal of
phosphate from one molecule to another molecule.
Glycolysis
The process consists of 10
steps glycolysis reaction
terbagimenjadi second phase,
namely:
1. 5 The first step called
preparatory phase.
2. 5 last step is called a payoff
phase.
2 ATP
2 NADP
2 Piruvate Acid
Kreb's Cycle
P1 Condensation 2 ATP
6 NADH
P2 & P3 Isomeration 2 FADH2
P4 First Oxydation 4 CO2
P5 2nd Oxydation
P6 Phosforilation
P7 3rd Oxydation
P8 & P9 Oxaloasetat
Phosphorilation Oxydative
Catabolism on Carbohydrat
Disorder of Carbohydrat Metabolism
Diabetes Melitus, (2 Type, IDDM and Non- IDDM)
Marasmus (Deficience of Glukose, intake nutrition in adequate)
Galactosemia (Deficience of Galactose Enzyme, Inheritance)
Fructose Heredity Intolerance (Deficience of Phosphofructaldolase Enzym)
Fructosuria (Deficience of Fructokinase Enzyme)
Lactose Intolerance (Deficience of Lactose Enzyme)
Peptide Metabolism
Peptide is digested in the
stomach by the enzyme
pepsin, which is active at
pH 2-3 (acidic conditions).
Digestion Process of Amino Acid
Protein Polipeptide peptide
> 100 asam amino 10 - 100 asam amino 2 - 10 asam amino
Function of Protein
• Building the damaged
cells.
• Forming substances such
as enzymes and hormones
regulating.
• Forming the core
substance of energy (1
gram energy will generate
approximately 4.1 calories)
Pepsin is able to digest all types of proteins that
are in makanan.Salah one of the most important
things done pepsin digestion is its ability to digest
collagen.
• Excess protein is not stored in the body,
but will be overhauled in the liver into
compounds containing N elements, such
as NH3 (ammonia) and NH 4 OH
(ammonium hydroxide), as well as
compounds that do not contain elements of
N.
• Compounds containing N elements will
be synthesized into urea.
• Urea formation takes place in liver
because only liver cells to produce the
arginase enzyme.
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Translation
Conclussion
Disorder of Peptide Metabolism
• Kwarshiorkor
• PKU
Lipid Metabolism
Fat digestion does not occur in the
mouth and stomach because in these
places there is no lipase enzyme that
can hydrolyze or break down fat. Fat
digestion occurs in the intestine, because
the colon contains lipase
Fat out of the stomach into the intestine,
which stimulates the hormone
cholecystokinin. The hormone cholecystokinin
cause gallbladder to contract so that the
discharge of bile into the duodenum. Bile
contains bile salts that plays an important role
in emulsifying fat. Fat is a fat emulsion
solution menjadai large fat droplet that is
smaller
Lipid Digestion
Lipid Emultion
Lipid Trigliseride Monogliseride
Classification
1. Simple lipids 2. Mix Lipid 3. Derivate Lipid
a. Lipid a. Lipoprotein a. Asam Lemak
b. Wax (Lilin) b. Glicolipid b. Gliserol
c. Phospholipid c. Alkohol
d. Keton
Disorder of Lipid Metabolism
• Obesitas
• Hiperlipidemia
• Dislipidemia
• Lipoprotein Plasma
• Defisiensi Lemak
