BY Kenny Ann Grace C. Batiancila
Uploaded by
Kenny Ann Grace BatiancilaBY Kenny Ann Grace C. Batiancila
Uploaded by
Kenny Ann Grace BatiancilaSETS
BY
KENNY ANN GRACE C. BATIANCILA
Below are some objects. Group them as
you see fit and label each group.
• How many groups are there?
• Does each object belong to a
group?
• Is there an object that belongs to
more than one group? Which one?
The groups are called sets for as
long as the objects in the group
share a characteristic and are
thus, well defined.
• Problem: Consider the set consisting of
whole numbers from 1 to 200. Let this be
set U. Form smaller sets consisting of
elements of U that share a different
characteristic. For example, let E be the
set of all even numbers from 1 to 200.
• Can you form three more such sets?
How many elements are there in
each of these sets? Do any of these
sets have any elements in common?
• Did you think of a set with no
element?
Important Terms to Remember
• A set is a well- defined group of objects,
called elements that share a common
characteristic. For example, 3 of the
objects above belong to the set of head
covering or simply hats (ladies hat,
baseball cap, hard hat).
The set F is a subset of set A if all elements
of F are also elements of A. For example, the
even numbers 2, 4 and 12 all belong to the
set of whole numbers. Therefore, the even
numbers 2, 4, and 12 form a subset of the set
of whole numbers. F is a proper subset of A if
F does not contain all elements of A. 3
• The universal set U is the set that
contains all objects under consideration.
• The null set is an empty set. The null set
is a subset of any set.
• The cardinality of a set A is the number
of elements contained in A.
Notations and Symbols
• Uppercase letters will be used to name sets and
lowercase letters will be used to refer to any
element of a set. For example, let H be the set of
all objects on page 1 that cover or protect the
head. We write
H = {ladies hat, baseball cap, hard hat}
• This is the listing or roster method of naming the
elements of a set.
• Another way of writing the elements of a
set is with the use of a descriptor. This is
the rule method. For example,
• H = {x| x covers and protects the head}.
This is read as “the set H contains the
element x such that x covers and protects
the head.”
• The symbol or { } will be used to refer to an
empty set.
• If F is a subset of A, then we write . We also
say that A contains the set F and write it as .
If F is a proper subset of A, then we write
• The cardinality of a set A is written as n(A).
• How many sets are there?
There is the set of head covers (hats), the
set of trees, the set of even numbers, and
the set of polyhedral. But, there is also a set
of round objects and a set of pointy objects.
There are 6 well-defined sets.
• Does each object belong to a set?
YES
• Is there an object that belongs to more than
one set? Which ones?
All the hats belong to the set of round
objects. The pine trees and two of the
polyhedral belong to the set of pointy objects.
LET’S DO THIS!
• 1. Give 3 examples of well-defined sets.
• 2. Name two subsets of the set of whole
numbers using both the listing method and the
rule method.
• 3. Let B = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9}. List all the possible
subsets of B.
• 4. Answer this question: How many subsets does
a set of n elements have?
