VEDIC
MATHEMATICS
What is Vedic Mathematics ?
Vedic mathematics is the name given
to the ancient system of mathematics
which was rediscovered from the
Vedas.
It’s a unique technique of calculations
based on simple principles and rules ,
with which any mathematical problem
- be it arithmetic, algebra, geometry or
trigonometry can be solved mentally.
Why Vedic Mathematics?
It helps a person to solve problems 10-15 times faster.
It reduces burden (Need to learn tables up to nine only)
It provides one line answer.
It is a magical tool to reduce scratch work and finger counting.
It increases concentration.
Time saved can be used to answer more questions.
Improves concentration.
Logical thinking process gets enhanced.
Base of Vedic Mathematics
Vedic Mathematics
now refers to a set
of sixteen
mathematical
formulae or sutras
and their corollaries
derived from the
Vedas.
Base of Vedic Mathematics
Vedic Mathematics
now refers to a set
of sixteen
mathematical
formulae or sutras
and their corollaries
derived from the
Vedas.
EKĀDHIKENA PŪRVEŅA
The Sutra (formula) This Sutra is
Ekādhikena Pūrvena used to the
means:
‘Squaring of
numbers ending
“By one more than the
previous one”. in 5’.
‘Squaring of numbers ending in 5’.
Conventional Method Vedic Method
65 X 65 65 X 65 = 4225
65
X65 ( 'multiply the
325 previous digit 6 by
390X one more than
itself 7. Than write
4225 25 )
NIKHILAM
NAVATAS’CHARAMAM
DASATAH
The Sutra (formula) This formula can
NIKHILAM be very effectively
NAVATAS’CHARAMA applied in
M DASATAH means : multiplication of
numbers, which are
“all from 9 and the last nearer to bases like
from 10” 10, 100, 1000 i.e., to
the powers of 10
(eg: 96 x 98 or 102
x 104).
Case I :
When both the numbers are lower than
the base.
Conventional Method Vedic Method
97 X 94
97
97 3
X94
X 94 6
388
9118
873X
9118
Case ( ii) : When both the numbers
are higher than the base
Conventional Method Vedic Method
103 X 105
103 For Example103 X 105
X 105
515 103 3
000X X 105 5
103XX 1 0, 8 1 5
1 0, 8 1 5
Case III: When one number is more
and the other is less than the base.
Conventional Method Vedic Method
103 X 98
103 103 3
X 98 X 98 -2
1 0, 0 9 4
824
927X
1 0, 0 9 4
ĀNURŨPYENA
The Sutra (formula) This Sutra is highly
ĀNURŨPYENA useful to find
means : products of two
numbers when
both of them are
'proportionality '
near the Common
or bases like 50, 60,
'similarly ' 200 etc (multiples
of powers of 10).
ĀNURŨPYENA
Conventional Method Vedic Method
46 X 43
46 46 -4
X43 X 43 -7
138 1978
184X
1978
ĀNURŨPYENA
Conventional Method Vedic Method
58 X 48 58 8
58 X 48 -2
X48 2884
464
24 2X
2 8 84
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
The Sutra (formula) This the general
URDHVA formula applicable
TIRYAGBHYAM to all cases of
means : multiplication and
also in the division
of a large number
“Vertically and cross by another large
wise” number.
Two digit multiplication by URDHVA
TIRYAGBHYAM
The Sutra (formula) Step 1: 5×2=10, write
down 0 and carry 1
URDHVA Step 2: 7×2 + 5×3 =
TIRYAGBHYAM 14+15=29, add to it
previous carry over value
means : 1, so we have 30, now
write down 0 and carry 3
Step 3: 7×3=21, add
“Vertically and cross previous carry over value
wise” of 3 to get 24, write it
down.
So we have 2400 as the
answer.
Two digit multiplication by URDHVA
TIRYAGBHYAM
Vedic Method
46
X43
1978
Three digit multiplication by
URDHVA TIRYAGBHYAM
Vedic Method
103
X 105
1 0, 8 1 5
YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
This sutra means This sutra is very
whatever the extent of handy in
its deficiency, lessen it calculating squares
still further to that very of numbers
extent; and also set up near(lesser) to
the square of that powers of 10
deficiency.
YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
The nearest power of 10 to 98 is 100.
Therefore, let us take 100 as our base.
Since 98 is 2 less than 100, we call 2 as the
98 2
= 9604 deficiency.
Decrease the given number further by an
amount equal to the deficiency. i.e.,
perform ( 98 -2 ) = 96. This is the left side
of our answer!!.
On the right hand side put the square of
the deficiency, that is square of 2 = 04.
Append the results from step 4 and 5 to get
the result. Hence the answer is 9604.
Note : While calculating step 5, the number of digits in the squared number (04)
should be equal to number of zeroes in the base(100).
YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
The nearest power of 10 to 103 is 100.
Therefore, let us take 100 as our base.
Since 103 is 3 more than 100 (base), we
103 2
= 10609 call 3 as the surplus.
Increase the given number further by an
amount equal to the surplus. i.e., perform
( 103 + 3 ) = 106. This is the left side of our
answer!!.
On the right hand side put the square of
the surplus, that is square of 3 = 09.
Append the results from step 4 and 5 to get
the result.Hence the answer is 10609.
Note : while calculating step 5, the number of digits in the squared number (09)
should be equal to number of zeroes in the base(100).
YAVDUNAM TAAVDUNIKRITYA
VARGANCHA YOJAYET
1009 2= 1018081
SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
The Sutra (formula) It can be applied in
solving a special type
SAŃKALANA – of simultaneous
VYAVAKALANĀ equations where the
BHYAM x - coefficients and
the y - coefficients
means : are found
interchanged.
'by addition and by
subtraction'
SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
Example 1: Firstly add them,
( 45x – 23y ) + ( 23x – 45y ) = 113 + 91
45x – 23y = 113 68x – 68y = 204
23x – 45y = 91 x–y=3
Subtract one from other,
( 45x – 23y ) – ( 23x – 45y ) = 113 – 91
22x + 22y = 22
x+y=1
Rrepeat the same sutra,
we get x = 2 and y = - 1
SAŃKALANA –
VYAVAKALANĀBHYAM
Example 2: Just add,
2431( x – y ) = - 2431
1955x – 476y = 2482 x – y = -1
476x – 1955y = - 4913 Subtract,
1479 ( x + y ) = 7395
x+y=5
Once again add,
2x = 4 x = 2
subtract
- 2y = - 6 y = 3
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
The Sutra (formula) This sutra is helpful in
multiplying numbers whose last
ANTYAYOR digits add up to 10(or powers of
10). The remaining digits of the
DAŚAKE'PI numbers should be identical.
means : For Example: In multiplication
of numbers
25 and 25,
‘ Numbers of which the 2 is common and 5 + 5 = 10
last digits added up 47 and 43,
give 10.’ 4 is common and 7 + 3 = 10
62 and 68,
116 and 114.
425 and 475
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
Vedic Method The same rule works when
the sum of the last 2, last
3, last 4 - - - digits added
respectively equal to 100,
1000, 10000 -- - - .
The simple point to
67 remember is to multiply
each product by 10, 100,
X63 1000, - - as the case may
be .
4221 You can observe that this is
more convenient while
working with the product
of 3 digit numbers
ANTYAYOR DAŚAKE'PI
Try Yourself :
892 X 808
A) 398 X 302
= 720736
= 120196
B) 795 X 705
= 560475
LOPANA STHÂPANÂBHYÂM
Consider the case of
factorization of quadratic
The Sutra (formula) equation of type
LOPANA
ax2 + by2 + cz2 + dxy + eyz + fzx
STHÂPANÂBHYÂM
means : This is a homogeneous
equation of second degree
in three variables x, y, z.
'by alternate elimination
and retention' The sub-sutra removes the
difficulty and makes the
factorization simple.
LOPANA STHÂPANÂBHYÂM
Example : Eliminate z by putting z = 0
and retain x and y and
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2
factorize thus obtained a
Eliminate z and retain x, y ; quadratic in x and y by means
factorize of Adyamadyena sutra.
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y)
Eliminate y and retain x, z; Similarly eliminate y and
factorize retain x and z and factorize
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) the quadratic in x and z.
Fill the gaps, the given expression
With these two sets of factors,
(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z) fill in the gaps caused by the
elimination process of z and y
respectively. This gives actual
factors of the expression.
GUNÌTA SAMUCCAYAH -
SAMUCCAYA GUNÌTAH
Example : Eliminate z by putting z = 0
and retain x and y and
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2+ 11xz + 7yz + 6z 2
factorize thus obtained a
Eliminate z and retain x, y ; quadratic in x and y by means
factorize of Adyamadyena sutra.
3x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = (3x + y) (x + 2y)
Eliminate y and retain x, z; Similarly eliminate y and
factorize retain x and z and factorize
3x 2 + 11xz + 6z 2 = (3x + 2z) (x + 3z) the quadratic in x and z.
Fill the gaps, the given expression
With these two sets of factors,
(3x + y + 2z) (x + 2y + 3z) fill in the gaps caused by the
elimination process of z and y
respectively. This gives actual
factors of the expression.
