Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks
Name : Sayabanna
Reg. No. : 14ETCE001020
Department : Civil Engineering
Programme : B. tech
Guide : Harshad R. Parate
1
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
1. Introduction.
Autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)
It is a type of precast concrete composed of natural raw materials
giving great benefits and better energy efficient performance
AAC is a derivative of fly ash that is combined with cement, lime and
water and an aerating agent
AAC is lightweight, precast building product
AAC blocks contains 80% air
2
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
1. Introduction cont…..
AAC is also known as Autoclaved Cellular concrete (ACC), Autoclaved
Lightweight Concrete (ALC), Autoclaved Concrete, Cellular
Concrete, Porous Concrete, Aircrete, Hebel Block
AAC is available in blocks and panels of various sizes
3
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
2. History
In 1880 a German researcher Michaelis was granted a patent on his
steam curing processes
Czech Hoffman successfully tested and patented in 1889 the method
of “aerating” the concrete by carbon dioxide
Americans Aylsworth and Dyer used aluminium powder and calcium
hydroxide to attain porous cementitious mixture for which they also
received a patent in 1914
Swede Axel Eriksson made a serious next step towards developing
modern AAC when in 1920 he patented the methods of making
aerated mix of limestone and ground slate
4
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
3. Aim of the Seminar
To Study the properties, manufacturing, advantages of AAC
blocks and compare with normal clay bricks
5
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4. Objectives
To study the literature survey
To study the properties of AAC blocks
Manufacturing process of AAC blocks
To study the advantages and limitations of AAC blocks
To study the applications of AAC blocks
Comparing AAC blocks with Conventional blocks
6
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.1. Literature Survey
Presented by: Ritu Patel, Shreya Mevada, Yogita Patel, Jalpa Patel,
Kamini Sharda,
7
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.1. Literature Survey cont..
Presented by: Ritu Patel, Shreya Mevada, Yogita Patel, Jalpa Patel,
Kamini Sharda,
8
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.2. Physical Properties of AAC blocks
Light weight
Thermal insulation
Fire resistance
Durability and moisture resistance
Toxicity and breath ability
High load bearing capacities
Excellence sound insulation
9
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.2. Properties of AAC blocks
Density 551-650kg/cum
Compressive strength Minimum 30kg/cm2
Thermal conductivity 0.162W/mK (avg.)
Resistance to fire 2-6 hours
Drying shrinkage 0.1%
Design gross density 850kg/cum
10
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3. Manufacturing
4.3.1. Materials Used
Fly ash Lime
Cement
11
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.2. Manufacturing
4.3.1. Materials Used
Silica Sand
Aluminium Powder
12
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.2. Manufacturing
13
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.2. Manufacturing
Codes Specifications
BIS 2185(part 3) Specification of
material
BIS 6041 Construction of AAC
masonry
BIS 6441(part 1-9) Testing procedure
BIS 6072, 6073 Autoclaved reinforced
panels
14
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.3. Sizes of AAC
The standard block size is 200mm height by 600mm long. Block
thickness can range 50mm to 300mm, but for residential construction
the most common block widths are used are 100mm, 150mm and
200mm
Standard panel size is 600mm wide by 75mm thick with length
ranging from 1200mm to 3000mm
15
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.3. Sizes of AAC blocks
16
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.4. Other modes of AAC
AAC U-Blocks
17
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.4. Other modes of AAC
AAC Lintels
18
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.4. Other modes of AAC
AAC Wall Panels
19
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.4. Other modes of AAC
AAC Floor Panels
20
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.4. Other modes of AAC
AAC Roof Panels
21
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.1. Advantages of AAC
22
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.1. Advantages of AAC
23
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.1. Advantages of AAC
Improved thermal efficiency reduces the heating and cooling load in
buildings
Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation, labour expenses
Larger size blocks leads to faster masonry work
Environmental friendly : it helps to reduce at least 30% of
environmental waste as opposed to going with traditional concrete
There is a decrease of 50% of greenhouse gas emissions
Reduction in dead load
blocks are also termite, pest, mold and fungus resistant and hence
greatly improve the indoor air quality
24
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.1. Advantages of AAC cont…..
Uniform sizes leads to thin surface finishes
Delays transmission of heat
Material available through out the year i.e. no seasonal variation
Totally inert material – no salt leaching, hence less maintenance cost
Quick assembly : Since it is a lightweight material and easy to work
with, the assembly is much quicker and smoother
Accuracy: The panels and blocks made of autoclaved aerated concrete
are produced to the exact sizes needed before they even leave the
factory
25
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.2. Limitations of AAC
Production cost per unit for AAC is higher than other ordinary
concrete
Brittle nature: they need to be handled more carefully than clay bricks
to avoid breakages
Contractors are less familiar with the product
Consistency in quality and colour may be difficult to obtain
Unfinished exterior walls should be covered with an exterior
cladding to protect them from wear and tear
Skilled labours are required
26
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.3. Case Study
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4,
Issue 1, January-2013 1 ISSN 2229-5518
Size of block
200mm*200mm*200mm
Dry density
597.42 kg/cum
27
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.3.3. Case Study Cont..
Water absorption
36.08%
Compressive Strength
3.2 MPa
Flexural strength
0.44 MPa
28
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.4. Applications of AAC blocks
Hospitals
Industrial buildings
Auditorium and Theaters
Education Institute construction
Medical and Clinics
Cold storage
Hotel and restaurants
29
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.4. Applications of AAC blocks
Firewalls
Pipeline and culvert installation
Retaining wall
Sound absorption for partition walls
Fire proofing panels
Tunnel lining
30
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with Clay bricks
AAC blocks are one third lighter than conventional clay bricks, thereby
reducing the dead weight of the structure drastically
Light weight structure decreases construction cost due to reducing
steel, Cement and Excavation
31
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with Clay bricks cont…
AAC blocks are 7 times bigger than the size of the conventional bricks.
Bigger size means less number of joints
Less joints results in lesser quantity of mortar for building and there is
overall 60% reduction in use of Mortar
32
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with Clay bricks cont…
AAC blocks have uniform shape and texture, which gives even surface
to the walls. There is overall 35% reduction in the cost of plastering
33
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with clay bricks cont…
Parameter AAC blocks Clay bricks
Soil consumption Uses fly ash which is waste 1 sq ft of carpet area with clay
product of the thermal power brick walling will consume 25.5
plant. kg of top soil.
Fuel consumption One sq ft of carpet area with AAC One sq ft of carpet area with clay
blocks will consume 1 kg of coal bricks will consume 8 kg of coal
Co2 emission One sq ft of carpet area will emit One sq ft of carpet area will emit
1.5 kg of CO2 12.0kg of CO2
Compressive Not less than 3 N/mm2 3-5 N/mm2
strength
34
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with clay bricks cont…
Parameter AAC blocks Clay bricks
Dry density 551-600 kg/m3 1920 Kg/m3
Consumption of 0.77 bags of cement / Cum 1.44 bags of cement/ Cum
cement mortar
Thermal 0.12 w/m-k 0.8 w/m-k
conductivity
Cost benefits Reduction in dead weight leading None
to savings in steel and concrete.
35
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
4.5. Comparison with clay bricks cont…
36
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
5. Conclusions
AAC is the one of the most sustainable building materials today
AAC is a technological revolution
It provides convenience to build
Economics of construction
Long lasting and strong
Eco-friendly
Comforts of living
AAC is used in wide range of commercial, industrial and residential
applications
37
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
6. References
1. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)
2. International Journal of Chemical, Environmental & Biological
Sciences (IJCEBS) Volume 1, Issue 2 (2013)
3. http://civil.srpec.org.in/files/Project/2013/4.pdf
4. https://www.slideshare.net/indiablockmachine/aac-the-wonder-
building-material
5. https://www.slideshare.net/sraruna/autoclaved-aerated-concrete-
47254059
6. “Google Images” for Images
38
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
39
Faculty of Engineering & Technology © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
