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Social Culture

This document discusses key concepts in sociology and anthropology related to society, culture, and cultural diversity. It defines society as a group of people who share common territory, language, culture and act collectively. Culture is described as the values, norms and behaviors shared by a social group. The document explores how conformity to social norms and controls allow societies to function smoothly. It also examines cultural universals across societies and cultural variation both between and within societies.

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Christine Mae Beramo
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1K views15 pages

Social Culture

This document discusses key concepts in sociology and anthropology related to society, culture, and cultural diversity. It defines society as a group of people who share common territory, language, culture and act collectively. Culture is described as the values, norms and behaviors shared by a social group. The document explores how conformity to social norms and controls allow societies to function smoothly. It also examines cultural universals across societies and cultural variation both between and within societies.

Uploaded by

Christine Mae Beramo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Society and Culture: The cover page introduces the theme of society and culture, setting the context for the presentation.
  • Objectives: This section outlines the key learning objectives related to understanding society through anthropological and sociological lenses.
  • Society: Defines society and emphasizes the role of shared culture among individuals within a common territory.
  • Conformity and Social Control: Explains how societies maintain order through conformity and social norms accepted by their members.
  • Culture: Describes culture as a set of shared behaviors, values, and norms within a social group.
  • Culture Variation: Discusses how cultural norms and values can differ across and within societies, changing over time.
  • Cultural Diversity: Highlights the importance of understanding cultural diversity and the existence of subcultures within societies.
  • What Makes Humans Different?: Explores the unique human capacity for complex thought and cultural development.
  • Diversity Today: Focuses on the role and study of assimilation, multiculturalism, and globalization in diverse societies.
  • Cultural Universals: Introduces the concept of cultural universals, which are common elements across all societies.
  • Pre-modern Societies: Describes the characteristics of early societies, including hunting and gathering and settled agrarian societies.
  • Civilizations: Traces the development of complex civilizations and the rise of imperial societies.
  • Globalization and Culture: Examines the impact of globalization on culture and the interconnectedness it has fostered worldwide.
  • Response to Globalization: Discusses various responses to globalization, including nationalism and the emphasis on preserving local cultures.
  • Conclusion: Final page signaling the end of the presentation with a closing message.

Society and Culture

Objectives:
 Discussed the importance of
anthropology, political science, and
sociology as tool in understanding society
and culture.
 Nature of culture and society primarily
from the vantage point of anthropology
and sociology.
Society
 Refers to a group of people sharing a common
culture.
 It may also be defined as an organized group or
groups of people who generally share a common
territory, language, culture, and who act together
for collective survival and well-being.
 Shared culture is important in holding a society
together.
Conformity and Social Control
 Societies need a significant degree of conformity
to function smoothly.
 Members learn norms through the process of
socialization.
 Because people accept the norms and values of
their societies as natural, they largely conform.
 Those who do not conform are subject to
measures of social control.
Culture
 Is a set of values, norms, and
behaviors shared by a social group.
 Values -are those ideals that a society
holds above all others (e.g., honesty,
honor)
Culture Variation
 Culture varies both across and within
sociaties.
 What is important and seemingly
“normal” in one society may not be in
another.
 Even within a society, the dominant values
and norms change over time.
Cultural Diversity
 Studying diversity is very important for sociologist; comparative
research is common.
 Things to be aware of :
 Ethnocentrism – viewing one’s own culture as normal and ,
oftentimes, superior.
 Cultural relativism –judging other culture based on their own
norms and standards.
• Diversity within societies is also important.
• There are the obvious kinds of social groups (e.g. race, gender,
religion) that constitute a society, but there are also “subcultures”.
• A “subculture” is a group whose norms and values differ from
those of the “ mainstream”.
What makes humans different?
 Culture versus instinct
 The ability to reason, to think in the abstract,
allowed for the development of culture.
 This included the development of complex
system of communication and future-oriented
thought and planning.
 Complex thinking also makes humans strong
innovators.
Diversity Today
 In diverse societies like the United States, studies
of assimilation and multiculturalism.
 These studies attempt to understand how diverse
societies ( and the individuals in them) can best
function.
 Globalization has led to increased diversity in
most countries.
Cultural Universals
 Social institutions found in virtually all societies
are called cultural universals.
 Language is one of the most significant cultural
universals (others include marriage and art).
 Languages are complex systems of
communication, which are fundamental to human
social life as they free us from our immediate
environments.
Pre-modern societies
 Hunting and Gathering societies were the
dominant social form for most of human history.
- Relatively egalitarian, with no class structures
- Cooperative rather than competitive
• Settled agrarian and pastoral societies
emerged approximately 15,000 years ago.
- Somewhat less egalitarian
- More accumulation of wealth and goods; larger
groups
 “Civilizations” or city-states developed about
8,000 years ago.
- These societies were typically large and had a
significant degree of inequality.
-They were also usually imperial, meaning that
the conquest of other peoples and societies was
commonplace.
Globalization and
Culture
 There is a virtually no escape from globalization
today as a result of technology.
 Television, the “global economy” multinational
corporations (MNC’s ), and international non-
governmental organization (ING’s), along with e-
communication, have changed the face of culture
the world over, leading to increased
interdependence.
Response to
Globalization
 Not everyone is happy with globalization.
 There has been a rise of nationalism, tribalism,
and other forms of protest that largely a rejection
of Western culture( often seen as
Americanization)
 Part of the response has also been an emphasis on
the importance of local culture.
THAT’S
ALL
FOLKS!!!

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