 Name

 Class

 Roll No.

 Admn No.
 THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT I’VE
COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON MS-
EXCEL UNDER THE ABLE GUIDANCE
OF OUR COMPUTER TEACHER ‘ ’
IN THE ACADEMIC SESSION OF 2009-10.
• I WOULD ESPECIALLY LIKE TO THANKS MY COMPUTER
TEACHER“ ” WHO HAD BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PROJECT AND ALSO FOR THE
VALUABLE GUIDANCE IN UNDERTAKING STUDY AND
PREPARATION THIS PROJECT IN THE PRESENT FORM.

• THANKING YOU…
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an
environment that cause harm to human health, other
living organisms, and the environment.[1] Pollution
can be in the form of chemical substances, or
energy such as noise, heat, or light. Pollutants can
be naturally occurring substances or energies, but
are considered contaminants when in excess of
natural levels. Pollution is often categorized into
point source and nonpoint source pollution.
 The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular pollutants
relevant to each of them:
 Air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common
examples include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and
nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog
are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react to sunlight.
 Water pollution via runoff, leaching to groundwater, liquid spills, wastewater
discharges, eutrophication and littering.
 Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage
tank leakage. Among the most significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons,
heavy metals, MTBE[4], herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
 Radioactive contamination, added in the wake of 20th century discoveries in
atomic physics. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the environment.)
 Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as
well as high-intensity sonar.
 Light pollution, includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.
 Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway
billboards, scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash or
municipal solid waste.
 Thermal pollution, is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human
influence, such as use of water as coolant in a power plant.
Scenario
Assumptions
Air Pollution
Land Pollution
Noise Pollution
Water Pollution
$
Economy
Land Use
Technology

Emissions

Regional Meteorology

Air Quality
Global Meteorology

Health &
Ecosystem
Benefits & Costs
Impacts
 Today’s Energy System
Air Pollution
Oil
Contribution to
Oil Refining
Automobiles anthropogenic
emissions:
Natural Gas
NOx ~ 95%
Residential SOx ~ 89%
CO ~ 95%
Uranium
NH4 ~ 62%
Electricity Generation Hg ~ 87%
Commercial
Coal Air Quality Concerns:
Ozone
Industry PM2.5
Renewables Industry Acid deposition
Toxics
 Air pollution is the modification of the natural
characteristics of the atmosphere by a chemical,
particulate matter, or biological agent. The atmosphere is
a complex, dynamic natural gaseous system that is
essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric
ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been
recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the
Earth's ecosystems.
 Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of
deaths [1] and cases of respiratory disease.[2] While
major stationary sources are often identified with air
pollution, the greatest source of emissions is actually
mobile sources, mainly automobiles.[3] Gases such as
carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have
recently gained recognition as pollutants by climate
scientists, while they also recognize that carbon dioxide is
essential for plant life through photosynthesis.
 
Reducing air pollution increases the amount of clean, fresh air and lets us all enjoy the
natural environment. This provides greater comfort for guests and is an essential
element of an eco-friendly park. By supporting native plant growth to reduce dust,
reducing fuel consumption and incorporating noise sensitive layout and design,
parks can reduce air and noise pollution for both their guests and their neighbors.
 
i) What are you doing to reduce air and in your park? (Tick the appropriate boxes)
 
 Insulating machines (eg. air conditioning units)
 Signs to reduce pollution in certain areas
 Code of conduct to reduce noise after hours
 Providing separate areas for certain groups (eg. youth, sporting)
 Native plant screens to buffer traffic noise and dust
 Ensure equipment (eg. fridges, air conditioners) does not release CFC’s
 Replacing wood fires with gas fires
 Reducing diesel and petrol usage
 Creating smoke free areas
 Providing push bikes and battery powered scooters
Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies
such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human
activities.
Although natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms,
and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the
ecological status of water, water is only called polluted when it is not
able to be used for what one wants it to be used for. Water pollution
has many causes and characteristics. Increases in nutrient loading
may lead to eutrophication. Organic wastes such as sewage impose
high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen
depletion with potentially severe impacts on the whole eco-system.
Industries discharge a variety of pollutants in their wastewater
including heavy metals, resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients,
and solids. Discharges can also have thermal effects, especially those
from power stations, and these too reduce the available oxygen. Silt-
bearing runoff from many activities including construction sites,
deforestation and agriculture can inhibit the penetration of sunlight
through the water column, restricting photosynthesis and causing
 Types, sources, and effects of water pollutants

 Major pollution problems of surface water

Major pollution problems of groundwater

Reduction and prevention of water pollution

Drinking water quality

Nonpoint sources

Water quality
 Land pollution is the degradation
of earth's land surfaces often
caused by human activities and
its misuse.
 Land pollution is the addition of
undesirable matter to the land
that damage the terrestrial
organisms, reduce the uses of
the land by man for agricultural
• Industrial activities also contribute to land pollution. For
example, in open cast mining, enormous holes are dug in the
ground and these form dangerously affect Land.
• Land is one of the most dynamic resources available in nature.
Good soil is a boon to good crops. Man realized the significance
of soil for the production but is spoiling it by pesticides and
fertilizers.
• Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air
pollution.[5][6][7] China, United States, Russia, Mexico, and
Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions; however,
Canada is the number two country, ranked per capita. Principal
stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired
power plants, oil refineries,[3] petrochemical plants,
nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock
farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.), PVC factories, metals
production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy
industry