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Kinematics for Physics Students

1. The document discusses rectilinear kinematics and erratic motion, describing how position, velocity, and acceleration graphs (s-t, v-t, a-t, v-s, a-s) can be used to analyze complex motions that would be difficult to describe with formulas alone. 2. It explains that the slope of s-t and v-t graphs represents velocity and acceleration respectively, and that the area under a v-t graph equals displacement. 3. Additionally, it outlines how the various graphs are interrelated and can be used to construct one another, such as deriving a-t from v-t or v-s from a-s.

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Abdullatif AlOmair
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94 views8 pages

Kinematics for Physics Students

1. The document discusses rectilinear kinematics and erratic motion, describing how position, velocity, and acceleration graphs (s-t, v-t, a-t, v-s, a-s) can be used to analyze complex motions that would be difficult to describe with formulas alone. 2. It explains that the slope of s-t and v-t graphs represents velocity and acceleration respectively, and that the area under a v-t graph equals displacement. 3. Additionally, it outlines how the various graphs are interrelated and can be used to construct one another, such as deriving a-t from v-t or v-s from a-s.

Uploaded by

Abdullatif AlOmair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RECTILINEAR KINEMATICS: ERRATIC MOTION

Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to: In-Class Activities:
1. Determine position,
velocity, and acceleration of • Applications
a particle using graphs. • s-t, v-t, a-t, v-s, and a-s diagrams
READING QUIZ

1. The slope of a v-t graph at any instant represents instantaneous

A) velocity. B) acceleration.
C) position. D) jerk.

2. Displacement of a particle in a given time interval equals the


area under the ___ graph during that time.

A) a-t B) a-s
C) v-t C) s-t
ERRATIC MOTION
(Section 12.3)
Graphing provides a good way to handle complex
motions that would be difficult to describe with
formulas. Graphs also provide a visual description of
motion and reinforce the calculus concepts of
differentiation and integration as used in dynamics.

The approach builds on the facts that slope and


differentiation are linked and that integration can be
thought of as finding the area under a curve.
S-T GRAPH

Plots of position vs. time can be


used to find velocity vs. time
curves. Finding the slope of the
line tangent to the motion curve at
any point is the velocity at that
point (or v = ds/dt).

Therefore, the v-t graph can be


constructed by finding the slope at
various points along the s-t graph.
V-T GRAPH
Plots of velocity vs. time can be used to
find acceleration vs. time curves.
Finding the slope of the line tangent to
the velocity curve at any point is the
acceleration at that point (or a = dv/dt).

Therefore, the a-t graph can be


constructed by finding the slope at
various points along the v-t graph.

Also, the distance moved


(displacement) of the particle is the
area under the v-t graph during time t.
A-T GRAPH

Given the a-t curve, the change


in velocity (v) during a time
period is the area under the a-t
curve.

So we can construct a v-t graph


from an a-t graph if we know the
initial velocity of the particle.
A-S GRAPH

A more complex case is presented by


the a-s graph. The area under the
acceleration versus position curve
represents the change in velocity
(recall  a ds =  v dv ).
s2
½ (v1² – vo²) =  a ds = area under the
s1
a-s graph
This equation can be solved for v1,
allowing you to solve for the velocity
at a point. By doing this repeatedly,
you can create a plot of velocity
versus distance.
V-S GRAPH
Another complex case is presented
by the v-s graph. By reading the
velocity v at a point on the curve
and multiplying it by the slope of
the curve (dv/ds) at this same point,
we can obtain the acceleration at
that point.
a = v (dv/ds)

Thus, we can obtain a plot of a vs. s


from the v-s curve.

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