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Vol Flow Measurements

The document discusses various types of flow meters used to measure volume flow, including orifice meters, venturi meters, flow nozzles, and positive displacement meters. It provides the basic equations for flow, including continuity and Bernoulli's equation. Details are given on how each type of meter works, including discussions of pressure drop, discharge coefficients, and the measurement principles for venturi meters, orifice plates, variable area flow meters, magnetic flow meters, Coriolis meters, and positive displacement meters.

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Kuldeep Kumar
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115 views30 pages

Vol Flow Measurements

The document discusses various types of flow meters used to measure volume flow, including orifice meters, venturi meters, flow nozzles, and positive displacement meters. It provides the basic equations for flow, including continuity and Bernoulli's equation. Details are given on how each type of meter works, including discussions of pressure drop, discharge coefficients, and the measurement principles for venturi meters, orifice plates, variable area flow meters, magnetic flow meters, Coriolis meters, and positive displacement meters.

Uploaded by

Kuldeep Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Volume Flow Measurements

Obstruction Meters
 Orifice Meters

 Venturi Meters

 Flow Nozzles
Flow through a Nozzle
 1m
m 2 Basic Equations:
a.) Continuity:

  Av
m mass in = mass out
b.) Bernoulli’s Eqn.
1A1 v1   2 A 2 v 2 Total pressure is
constant throughout
incompressible
1   2 m
1 m
2
A 1 v1  A 2 v 2 1 2
A1 A2
v1 v2
Flow through a Nozzle
Bernoulli
P0  Total Pr essure  const.
1 2
 v  P
2
1 1
1 v1  P1   2 v 2  P2  P0
2 2

2 2
P  static pressure
P0  total pressure
1 2
v  dynamic pressure
2
Flow through a Nozzle
1 2 P
v2 
 A2 
2

1   
 A1 
Flow Rate
1 2 P
Q  A 2v2  A2 Ideal
 A2 
2

1   
 A1 
For Re al Flow
1 2 P
Q  YCA 2
 A2 
2

1   
 A1 
Flow through a Nozzle

1 1
P  P1  P2   2 v22  1v12
2 2
2
1 1  A2  2
  2 v2  1   v2
2

2 2  A1 

1 2   A2  
2

 v2 1    
2   A1  
when
1   2 P
Flow through a Nozzle

Y= Compressibility Factor
=1 for incompressible flow
or when P<< Pabs

C= Discharge Coefficient
=f(Re) and
nature of specific flow meter
P

P
Flow through a Venturi Meter

In a venturi, 0.95 < C < 0.98


Advantage:
Pressure recovery
Uses little power
Flow through a Venturi Meter

0.98

2 x 105

Re

d 1 v1
R  Based upon the conditions in the pipe
e  approaching the meter
Back to the Nozzle
P1 P2

P1

P2
The Nozzle Flowmeter

Shorter and cheaper than venturi


But larger pressure drop.
Thus, more power lost in operating.

0.98

0.86
105
103
Re
Flow Through an Orifice Meter
Flow Through an Orifice Meter
P1 P2

d D

P1

P
Flow Through an Orifice Meter
-Cheapest and Simplest
-But biggest pressure drop and power lost (C~0.6 - 0.7)
-Side Note:
Pressure drop caused by friction and turbulence of shear
layer downstream of vena contracta
10k
 
0.85 Re 5000
 
 1 
C   CM 100k
  A2  
2

 1    
  A1  
0.6
0.1 =d/D 0.8
Elbow Flowmeter
Laminar
Flowmeter
Pitot-Static Tubes
Rotameter, variable-area-flowmeter
 Force balance
 Drag Force
 Gravity
 Buoyancy
 (usually negligible)

 use
m use  m cal
 cal
Derived on next
slide
m   A V
Rotameter
V2
Equations F  D  Mg
2
2 Mg
V
D
2 Mg 2 MgA2
m   A  
D D
For a fixed x-position, A is fixed. Then

 m   m 
   
   
 use   cal
 use
m use  m cal
 cal
Turbine Flow Meters
Vortex meters operate on the principle that when a non-streamlined
object is placed in the middle of a flow stream, vortices are shed
alternately downstream of the object. The frequency of the vortex
shedding is directly proportional to the velocity of the liquid
flowing in the pipeline.
Magnetic flowmeter
Magnetic flowmeter
Based upon Faraday’s Law
The fluid is the conductor, must be electrically conductive.
E=BDVx10-8
E=voltage, volts
B=magnetic flux density, gauss
D= length of the conductor, cm
V=velocity of the conductor, cm/sec
Magnetic Flow
Meter
Coriolis Mass Flow Meter
Coriolis Mass Flow Meter

Flow Flow
Force

Flow
Flow Force
Fluid Force is Reacting to Vibration
Vibrating Flow Tube of Flow Tube
Twist Angle

Twist Angle End View of Flow Tube


Showing Twist
Coriolis Mass Flow Meter
Positive
Displacement
Meters

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