Computer Aided Design

LE-2100
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems to assist in the
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is
used to increase the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design,
improve communications through documentation, and to create a database for
manufacturing. CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print,
machining, or other manufacturing operations.

Computer-aided design is used in many fields. Its use in designing electronic

systems is known as Electronic Design Automation, or EDA. In mechanical
design it is known as Mechanical Design Automation (MDA) or computer-
aided drafting (CAD), which includes the process of creating a technical
drawing with the use of computer software.

CAD software for mechanical design uses either vector-based graphics to depict
the objects of traditional drafting, or may also produce raster graphics showing
the overall appearance of designed objects. However, it involves more than just
shapes. As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the
output of CAD must convey information, such as materials, processes,
dimensions, and tolerances, according to application-specific conventions.
Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and
designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user
and the type of software in question.
CAD is one part of the whole Digital Product Development (DPD) activity
within the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) processes, and as such is
used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-
alone products, such as:
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) and Finite element analysis (FEA)
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) including instructions to Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines
• Photo realistic rendering
• Document management and revision control using Product Data
Management (PDM).

CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional (2D)

space; or curves, surfaces, and solids in three-dimensional (3D) space.
 Various CAD software:

AutoCAD
Solid Works
Solid Edges
Corel draw, etc.

AutoCAD is a software application for 2D and 3D computer-aided design

(CAD) and drafting, Developed and marketed by Autodesk, Inc. by
Autodesk founder John Walker.
AutoCAD is used across a range of industries, including architects, project
managers and engineers, among other professions. File extension .dwg

To accommodate the needs of the building, civil engineering,

manufacturing, and plant design industries, Autodesk offers a variety of CAD
software, including the following:
AutoCAD Architecture
AutoCAD Electrical
AutoCAD Mechanical
AutoCAD MEP
AutoCAD P&ID
AutoCAD is a program designed for drawing drawings, for example in
mechanical engineering, civil engineering and surveying. There can be
two-dimensional design drawings in terms of (2D) and three-dimensional
view (3D) in the case (drawing), which lines.

There are various programs for these purposes and there are specialized
programs with which you can make 2D drawing and 3D modeling
drawings and the like.

We start from starting point in relation to the axis X and Y coordinates with the
position we are in a certain place (more about that below), but remember the word
origins, to the position which is currently located prior to drawing. Each time when we
are positioned somewhere, our starting point is the starting point no matter where in
the drawing are. The position of the origin depends on the draw in the absolute or
polar coordinate system.

For 3D drawing, drawing a line in space must review the toolbar UCS and UCS II,
because using them will be positioned at a starting point, surface, plane and so forth.
 FUNCTION KEYS in AUTOCAD
HELP (calling help in Autocad)

opens and closes the text window

turned on / off function OSNAP

turned on / off GRID

turned on / off function ORTHO

turned on / off function for the step network SNAP

turned on / off function for the polar tracking ( POLAR )

 UCS - User Coordinate System

DRAW - Drawing toolbar in AutoCAD

Line, Construction line, Polyline, Polygon, Rectangle, Arc, Circle, Donut, Spline,
Ellipse, Block, Table, Point, Point, Hatch, Boundary, Region, text.
Command: _line
Specify first point: 100, 100 + Enter
Specify next point or [Undo]: 200.100 + Enter
Specify next point or [Undo]: 200.200 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 180, 200 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 180, 120 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 120, 120 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 120, 200 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 100, 200 + Enter
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 100, 100 + Enter
Press ESC
The starting point is our starting point is always a UCS

Command: _line Specify first point: 100,100 [defining point 1]

Specify next point or [Undo]: 200,100 [defining point 2]
Specify next point or [Undo]: 200,150 [defining point 3]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 150,200 [defining point 4]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 100,200 [defining point 5]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: 100,100 [defining point 6
ie connecting end points]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: ESC
The third way: Draw a rectangular drawing using RELATIVE COORDINATES
The starting point is always our last point where we are. We look at it from the global
coordinate system and the squares and the counter clockwise direction.

Command: _line Specify first point: 100,100 [defining point with absolute coordinates
1]
Specify next point or [Undo]: @100,0 [the definition of section 2, X = 100, Y = 0, that
is the direction the direction of North East 100 0]
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,50 [defining point 3, X = 0, Y = 50 that is the
direction the direction of North East 0 50]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: @-50,50 [defining point 4, X =- 50, y = 50 that
is the direction the direction of North West -50 50]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: @-50,0 [defining point 5, X =- 50, Y = 0, that is
the direction the direction of North West -50 0]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: @0,-100 [defining point 6, X = 0, Y = -100 that
is the direction the direction of South East 0 100]
Specify next point or [Close / Undo]: ESC
Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:
15 [radius circle no. 3]

Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or
[Diameter] <7.5000>: 8 [radius
circle no. 1 and 2]
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]
<8.0000>: 15 [radius circle no. 4]

Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]
<15.0000>: 15 [radius circle no. 5]

Command:
Command: _circle
Specify center point for circle or
[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]
<15.0000>: 25 [radius circle no. 6]
need to click on the button LINE and then target the outer circle of 4/6, 5/6 and when
the character appears to Tangent click a mouse.
Previous action to make all four external connecting lines. After that, you need to have this
drawing. So now we need to cut off the excess line and we will use the TRIM command.
Notice in the picture above, the lines to be cut, they are marked by arrows.
Select the external lines that are merged circles. They will be transformed into a dashed
line. Everything that you continue to be cut off cut off contact between the end points of
selected lines.
Click the right mouse button or press Enter to complete the selection. Now click
through the internal parts of a circle that is part of the circle that we need to be cut
or trimmed.
Finally, we have a drawing as the first picture of this web site. Wipe auxiliary red lines.