FIND THE USE OF
WORD “Her hair
reminds me of a warm
safe place
Where as a child I'd
hide”
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
RELATIVE PRONOUN IS ……
PRACTICE 1
HOW TO FORM RELATIVE
PRONOUNS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
PRACTICE 2
SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUN
RELATIVE ADVERBS
RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSE
PRACTICE 3
NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE
CLAUSE
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a
friend whether he knows her. You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the
Do you know the girl? girl …
As your friend cannot know which girl
you are talking about, you need to put
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't
in the additional information – the girl
it? It would be easier with a relative
is talking to Tom. Use „the girl“ only in
clause: you put both pieces of
the first part of the sentence, in the
information into one sentence. Start with
second part replace it with the relative
the most important thing – you want to
pronoun (for people, use the relative
know who the girl is.
pronoun „who“)
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a
friend whether he knows her. You could say:
Do you know the girl who is
talking to Tom?
A girl is talking to Tom Do you know the girl
RELATIVE CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
RELATIVE
USE EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
I told you about the woman
who subject or object pronoun for people who lives next door.
subject or object pronoun for animals Do you see the cat which
which is lying on the roof?
and things
Do you know the
POSSESSION for people animals and
whose boy whose mother is a
things
nurse?
SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUN I don’t like the
for people, animals and things in table that stands in the
that
defining relative clauses kitchen.
(who or which are also possible)
I told you about the woman who lives next door.
I TOLD YOU ABOUT THE
SHE LIVES NEXT DOOR
WOMAN
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
DO YOU SEE THE CAT ? IT IS LYING ON THE ROOF
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
DO YOU SEE THE BOY… HIS MOTHER IS A NURSE
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
I DON’T LIKE THE TABLE IT STANDS IN THE KITCHEN
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
Can you combine the two sentences using a relative
clause with who, which, whose or that?
1. I met a woman. She is a professor at the local university
I met the woman who is a professor at the local university.
2. We bought a house. It is 100 years old.
We bought the house which is 100 years old.
3. She joined a gym. It is near her house.
She joined the gym which /where is near her house
4. The taxi driver was really nice. He drove me to the airport.
The taxi driver who drove me to the airport was really nice.
5. We watched a movie. The movie was about a murder.
We watched the movie which was about a murder
RELATIVE
USE EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
You told me about the
ONLY OBJECT PRONOUN for
whom woman whom you gave a
human. (explanation)
ring
I want to live in the bank
where Used with adverb of place, where there is lots of
money.
Yesterday was a day when
when Used with adverb of time, everything went wrong!
I don’t know the reason
why Used for giving reason. why you are crying in
front of me.
RELATIVE
USE EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
Where do you live? I
Used with adverb of place, (Indirect
where wonder where I live
exclamatives )
Used with adverb of time, (Indirect When does she go? I
when don’t know when she goes
exclamatives )
Why are you crying in
Used for giving reason. (Indirect front of me? I don’t know
why
exclamatives ) the reason why you are
crying in front of me.
RELATIVE
USE EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
What do you say? I don’t
Used for asking something
what understand what you say
(activity), (Indirect exclamatives )
Used for asking someone, (Indirect Who are they? I don’t
who know who they are
exclamatives )
How does Tono make
Used for asking the way of to do superb fried rice? I don’t
how
something . (Indirect exclamatives ) know how Tono makes
superb fried rice
Exercises
How do you live without his love? I don’t know How I live
without his love
1.When were you born? I remember ……
2.Who hates you? I know…..
3.What do you mean about that pretty girl? I am telling you……
4.Where is your pocket? I don’t know…..
5.What are they talking about? She doesn’t know…..
6.Why is the sky gloomy? We don’t care…….
7.How does Jane become a famous comedian? He is curious…..
8.What do you want for birthday party? His parents ask…….
9.When was Soekarno’s death? The students want to know…….
10.Where do I go if I don’t have a settlement? She is afraid ……
The use of Modal auxiliary and
Do/does- ( is/ am/are) for relative
pronoun ( indirect exclamative)
RELATIVE
USE EXAMPLE
PRONOUN
Will, Will she stay at your house?
Used for 1.I don’t know whether she stays at your house.
can,
asking “ a 2.I wonder whether or not she will stay at your house.
may, 3.I wonder whether she will stay at your house or not
plan” (Indirect
must, 4.I don’t know if she will stay at your house.
exclamatives )
should 5.I don’t know if she will stay at your house or not
Do/ Do you want to eat rujak?
1.I wonder whether you want to eat rujak.
does
2.I wonder if you want to eat rujak.
- Is she beautiful?
Is, am, 1.I don’t know whether she is beautiful.
are 2.I don’t know if she is beautiful
Note: “ whether” & “ if” are used when there are any “ yes / no question”
EXERCISES
1. Will people live on the Venus someday? I wonder……
2. Is there life on other planets? I don’t know….
3. Do we have enough time to work out all these assignments? I don’t
know……
4. Can you help me? I doubt …..
5. Does she have a trouble? I’m sure …..
6. Did you lose your wallet? I’m not sure….
7. Did Helena borrow some money? We wonder….
8. Can I call you?......
9. Should we wait for him?......
10. Is Raja Ampat far from here?
11. Are you okay?
12. Have you finished?....
You told me about the woman whom you gave a ring
YOU TOLD ME ABOUT THE
YOU GAVE HER A RING
WOMAN
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
Did you see the man? Did you see the man who
The man / He was here. was here?
I didn’t like the woman. I didn’t like the woman
I met her. whom/that I met.
CONCLUSION: WHO IS ONLY USED FOR SUBJECT PRONOUN.
AND WHOM IS ONLY USED FOR OBJECT PRONOUN
I want to live in the bank where there is lots of money.
There is lots of money in the
I want to live in the bank
bank
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong!
Everything went wrong
Yesterday was a day.
yesterday
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
I don’t know the reason why you are crying in front of me.
I don’t know the reason you are You are crying in front of me
crying in front of me
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE
There are often prepositions in relative clauses, and a relative
pronoun is the object of that preposition. In everyday English,
the preposition is normally placed at the end of the relative clause
and the pronoun may be included or omitted. In formal English, the
preposition is placed before the relative pronoun, and in this case
the pronoun cannot be omitted.
The preposition is in front of the relative
FORMAL clause
INFORMAL The preposition is in the end the relative
clause
Is that the man (who) she arrived with? INFORMAL
Is that the man with whom she arrived? FORMAL
Does he know the girl (that) John is
INFORMAL
talking to?
Does he know the girl to whom John is
FORMAL
talking?
Some relative clauses are not used to define or identify the preceding noun
but to give extra information about it. Here are some examples:
LONDON IS AN INTERESTING PLACE TO LIVE
LONDON , ……………………, AN INTERESTING PLACE TO LIVE
………….,WHICH HAS A POPULATION OF AROUND 7 MILLION,…….
“ that” is not allowed in giving extra information. Only “who,
which, whose” used in this case
